云南汉族人群KRAS基因多态性与宫颈癌发生风险的相关性

目的 探讨Kirsten大鼠肉瘤病毒癌基因同源物(KRAS)基因中的单核苷酸多态性位点(SNPs)与云南汉族人群宫颈癌发生风险的相关性。方法 选取云南地区汉族人群宫颈癌患者496例作为病例组、健康个体499例作为对照组,采用TaqMan探针基因分型法对KRAS基因3′-UTR区域3个SNPs位点rs12587(G>T)、rs12245(A>C)、rs1137282(A>G)进行基因分型,并分析其与云南汉族地区人群宫颈癌易感性的相关性。结果 KRAS基因3′-UTR区域3个SNPs位点的等位基因和基因型在病例组和对照组中分布频率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);单倍型分析结果显示,单倍型rs12587T-rs12245A-rs1137282A在病例组中的分布频率显著低于对照组(P<0.001),该单倍型可能是宫颈癌发生的保护性因素(OR=0.517, 95%CI:0.384～0.697)。结论 KRAS基因3′-UTR区域SNP位点rs12587(G>T)、rs12245(A>C)及rs1137282(A>G)组成的单倍型可能与云南汉...     

宁夏回族人群载脂蛋白E基因7个SNPs位点与原发性高血压的关联性

目的探讨宁夏回族人群载脂蛋白E基因7个单核苷酸多态性(SNPs)位点多态性与原发性高血压(EH)的关联性,旨在为高血压的早期预防提供理论依据。方法采用等位基因特异性扩增-聚合酶链反应、聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性等方法对109例EH患者(EH组)及221例健康个体(健康对照组)载脂蛋白E基因-219G>T、-491A>T、-427T>C、969C>G、548-551 G>A、2836 G>A共7个SNPs位点的多态性进行检测,组间基因型频数、等位基因频数的差异比较采用2检验。结果 EH组与健康对照组间,除2836 G>A外,其余6个位点基因型频数和等位基因频数差异无显著性,2836位点等位基因A在EH组中的频数(83.0%)高于健康对照组(47.5%,P<0.01),且OR(95%CI)为4.82(3.25～7.17),而等位基因G在EH组中的频数(17.0%)低于健康对照组(52.5%,P<0.01),且OR>(95%CI)为0.21(0.14～0.31)(P<0.01)。结论在宁夏回族人群中,2836位点等位基因A为易患EH的危险因子,而等位基因G为保护因子。     

Tim-4基因rs7700944位点多态性与宁夏回族人群RA的关联性分析

目的对宁夏回族人群Tim-4基因rs7700944位点多态性与类风湿关节炎(RA)的关联性进行分析,旨在为RA的早期预防提供理论依据。方法采用限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)方法,对宁夏回族210例RA患者(RA组)和198名健康个体(对照组)Tim-4基因rs7700944位点进行基因型检测及分析。结果在对照组及RA组间,基因型频率(χ2=29.051)及等位基因频率(χ2=14.106)的分布差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);等位基因A的频率在对照组中显著高于RA组,OR(95%CI)为0.549(0.400～0.752);而等位基因G的频率在对照组中显著低于RA组,OR(95%CI)为1.823(1.330～2.498)(P<0.01)。结论 Tim-4基因rs7700944位点多态性与宁夏回族人群RA的发生具有关联性,其中等位基因G为宁夏回族人群易患RA的危险因子,而等位基因A为保护因子。     

KRAS基因3'UTR多态性与云南汉族人群宫颈癌及宫颈上皮内瘤变的相关性

目的 探究KRAS基因中3′U TR区域的rs712和rs7973450位点与云南汉族人群宫颈癌(cervical cancer,CC)和宫颈上皮内瘤变(cervical intraepithelial neoplasia,CIN)的相关性。方法 共纳入CIN患者461例、CC患者961例及其健康对照983例,采用TaqMan探针法进行基因分型检测,并分析2个SNP位点与CIN及CC的相关性。结果 rs7973450位点的A等位基因可能是CIN(P=0.004,OR=0.651,95%CI 0.487～0.871)与CC(P=7.00×10-4,OR=0.667,95%CI 0.529～0.844)发生的保护性因素。rs712位点在CIN组、CC组和对照组间等位基因和基因型分布频率的差异无统计学意义(P> 0.017);单倍型分析的结果显示,单倍型rs712Ars7973450G与更高的CIN(P=4.00×10^-4, OR=1.714, 95%CI1.269～2.314)和CC(P=3.84×10^-5,OR=1.667,95%CI 1...     

Ⅰ型干扰素受体1单核苷酸多态性与结核病易感性的关联性

目的 探究Ⅰ型干扰素受体1(typeⅠinterferon receptor 1,IFNAR1)单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP)与结核病易感性的关系。方法 应用病例-对照研究方法,以深圳市第三人民医院1 533例活动性结核病患者(包括1 432例肺结核、101例肺外结核)作为病例组,1 445例健康人群作为对照组。运用MassARRAY飞行时间质谱技术,通过检测Ⅰ型干扰素(interferon,IFN)基因rs72552343、rs2834191、rs1012334、rs17875752、rs2843710、rs1041868位点基因型,分析两组间SNP等位基因频率差异,同时进一步比较肺结核与肺外结核病患者rs72552343 TCC/Del位点等位基因频率差异。结果 用MassARRAY飞行时间质谱技术可以有效地检测6个SNP位点基因型。在6个SNP位点中,发现仅rs72552343 TCC/Del位点等位基因频率在活动性结核组和对照组中差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),结核病患者rs72552343 TCC/Del位点TCC等位基因频率显著增高(OR=0.46;95%CI=0.31~0.70;P=0.0002),其他5个SNP等位基因频率在两组之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。另外,发现肺外结核病患者rs72552343 TCC/Del位点TCC等位基因的频率与肺结核病患者差异无统计学意义(OR=0.88;95%CI=0.20~3.74;P=0.86)。结论 IFN基因rs72552343 TCC/Del位点 SNP与结核易感性相关,其TCC等位基因为结核易感基因,但携带TCC等位基因的个体患活动性肺结核与肺外结核的风险一致。     

宿主免疫系统 IL-2、TNF-α基因启动子多态性与丙型肝炎病毒慢性感染的相关性研究

目的：探讨白细胞介素2（IL-2）以及肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）基因启动子SNP位点与丙型肝炎病毒（ HCV）慢性感染的相关性。方法：选择云南地区汉族人群HCV慢性感染患者380例,健康体检人群367例,采用TaqMan探针基因分型方法对IL-2基因启动子SNPrs2069762、rs2069763和rs4833248,以及TNF-α基因启动子SNPrs1800629、rs3093668和rs3093726进行基因分型,并构建单倍型,统计IL-2和TNF-α多态性位点的等位基因频率与基因型频率、单倍型频率,分析SNPs及单倍型与HCV慢性感染的相关性。结果：IL-2基因启动子中,病例组和对照组相比,SNPrs2069762基因型差异有统计学意义（ P＜0.05,OR=0.864,95%CI为0.700～1.066）,病例组CC基因型频率高于对照组（ P＜0.05）,rs2069763等位基因差异具有统计学意义（ P＜0.05,OR=1.234,95％CI为1.007～1.513）,病例组等位基因G频率高于对照组（P＜0.05）,rs4833248基因型和等位基因频率差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,rs2069762/rs2069763/rs4833248单倍型ATG差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05,OR=0.812,95％CI 为0.662～0.996）,病例组单倍型 ATG 频率低于对照组（ P ＜0.05）;TNF-α基因启动子SNPrs1800629、rs3093668和rs3093726基因型、等位基因型和单倍型频率,在病例组和对照组中差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论：在云南汉族群体中,IL-2基因启动子SNPrs2069762 CC基因型和rs2069763 G等位基因可能是HCV慢性感染的易感因素,rs2069762/rs2069763/rs4833248单倍型ATG可能是HCV慢性感染的保护性因素;TNF-α基因启动子SNPrs1800629、rs3093668和rs3093726与HCV慢性感染没有相关性。     

KRAS基因多态性与云南汉族人群非小细胞肺癌的相关性分析

  目的   探讨KRAS基因多态性与云南汉族人群非小细胞肺癌发生发展及病理类型的相关性。  方法   选取455例非小细胞肺癌患者,391例健康对照作为研究对象。采用Taqman探针基因分型法对KRAS基因3’UTR区域3个单核苷酸多态性（single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP）位点rs12587（G > T） 、rs12245（A > C）、 rs1137282（A > G）进行基因分型。根据分型结果,分析等位基因、基因型及单倍型与非小细胞肺癌发生、病理类型（鳞癌、腺癌）和临床分期（I+II期、III+IV期）的相关性。  结果   rs12587（G > T）位点等位基因G在非小细胞肺癌组的分布频率显著高于对照组（P = 0.008,OR = 1.365,95%CI 1.086～1.716）;在显性模式下携带T等位基因的个体（G/T+T/T）患非小细胞肺癌的风险显著降低（P = 0.011,OR = 0.70 ,95%CI 0.53～0.92）。病例分层分析发现,鳞癌组与对照组的rs12587（G > T）位点等位基因和基因型频率,差异有统计学意义（P < 0.001、P = 0.001）;在显性模式下携带T等位基因的个体（G/T+T/T）患肺鳞癌的风险显著降低（P < 0.001,OR = 0.45 ,95%CI 0.30～0.68）。非小细胞肺癌病例组与对照组rs12245（A > C）位点等位基因分布频率及基因型,差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）;在显性模式下携带A等位基因的个体（A/T+A/A）患非小细胞肺癌的风险显著降低（P = 0.028,OR = 0.73 ,95%CI 0.55～0.97）。病例分层分析发现鳞癌组与对照组的rs12245（A > C）位点等位基因和基因型频率,差异有统计学意义（P = 0.003、P = 0.001）;在超显性模式下,基因型为A/T的个体患肺鳞癌的风险显著降低（P<0.001,OR = 0.43 ,95%CI 0.28～0.67）。  结论  KRAS基因3’UTR区域SNP位点rs12587（G > T）等位基因G可能是云南汉族人群非小细胞肺癌及鳞癌发生的风险因素。SNP位点rs12245（A > C）等位基因A可能是云南汉族人群非小细胞肺癌发生的保护性因素。     

IL-12B基因多态性及单倍型与克罗恩病的关系研究

目的探讨IL-12B基因多态性及单倍型与克罗恩病(CD)的关系。方法选取94例CD患者（CD组）和106例健康体检者（对照组）,采用改良多重高温连接酶检测反应技术检测IL-12B基因2个功能性单核苷酸多态性（SNP）位点rs3212227和rs6887695的等位基因及基因型,用Haploview4.2软件进行连锁不平衡和单倍型分析,并分析IL-12B基因多态性及单倍型与CD的关系。结果CD组与对照组比较,该2个IL-12B基因SNP位点的突变等位基因和基因型频率均无统计学差异（均P＞0.05）。进一步亚组分析发现回肠型CD组患者rs6887695位点的突变C等位基因和GC+CC基因型频率均明显低于与对照组（28.75%vs44.34%,P＜0.05,OR=0.507,95%CI：0.291~0.882;50.00%vs71.70%,P＜0.05,OR=0.395,95%CI：0.186~0.836）;而上述2个位点的等位基因及基因型频率分布在结肠病变（结肠型+回结肠型）CD组患者与对照组间比较均无统计学差异（均P＞0.05）。此外,CD患者组内分层比较发现,与结肠病变CD组比较,回肠型CD组患者rs6887695位点的突变C等位基因、GC+CC基因型以及CC基因型频率亦均明显降低（28.75%vs50.00%,P＜0.05,OR=0.404,95%CI：0.218~0.745;50.00%vs72.22%,P＜0.05,OR=0.385,95%CI：0.163~0.908;7.50%vs27.78%,P＜0.05,OR=0.150,95%CI：0.037~0.613）。经Haploview4.2软件分析发现rs3212227和rs68876952个SNP位点之间存在中等强度连锁不平衡关系（D忆=0.545,r2=0.235）,但CD组与对照组比较,各单倍型的频率均无统计学差异（均P＞0.05）。结论IL-12B基因rs6887695位点多态性与CD的临床表型相关,该位点基因突变后可能降低回肠型CD的发病风险。     

泉州市人群ABCG2基因rs3114018单核苷酸多态性与原发性痛风的相关性研究

目的 研究泉州市人群三磷酸腺苷结合转运蛋白G2基因(ABCG2)rs3114018位点基因多态性与原发性痛风的相关性,为痛风的早期诊断和预防提供参考。方法 本研究共选取了163例来自泉州市的痛风患者和187例健康对照志愿者。通过等位基因特异性聚合酶链式反应(AS-PCR)对SNP位点(rs3114018)进行基因分型,并用SPSS 16.0统计学软件分析不同基因型与原发性痛风的相关性。结果 痛风组CC基因型携带频率为36.20%,正常组携带频率为19.25%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。Logistic回归分析显示,CC基因型与AA型比较,发病风险提高了4.619倍(OR=4.619,95%CI:2.437～8.869,P<0.001)。C等位基因携带者与A等位基因比较,发病风险提高了2.099倍(OR=2.099,95%CI:0.756～1.587,P<0.001)。另外,rs3114018位点的基因多态性对痛风发病的相关指标如血尿酸、尿素、C反应蛋白、甘油三酯、肾结石等有显著影响。结论 ABCG2基因rs3114018位点单核苷酸多态性可能与泉州市...     

乳腺癌易感基因相互作用蛋白1基因功能区单核苷酸多态性与宫颈癌的相关性研究

目的：探讨乳腺癌易感基因相互作用蛋白1基因（BRIP1）功能区5个单核苷酸多态性（SNP）位点与宫颈癌的相关性。方法严格按照诊断标准,采集无亲缘关系宫颈癌患者309例（病例组）及健康体检者（对照组）315名静脉血,提取基因组DNA,采用基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱技术检测5个SNP的基因型,采用SPSS11.5及Haploview4.2软件分析各基因型、等位基因及单倍型频率在两组中的差异。结果宫颈癌组与正常对照组的BRIP1基因rs4986764（外显子18）及rs7213430（3＇非翻译区）位点基因型及等位基因频率分布差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。宫颈癌组rs4986764位点C等位基因频率显著高于对照组（P=0.036,OR=1.294,95%=1.017-1.647）;宫颈癌组 rs7213430位点 A 等位基因频率显著高于对照组（P=0.003,OR=1.435,95%CI=1.133-1.818）。连锁不平衡分析发现一个单倍型（rs11079454-rs7213430-rs4986763）高度连锁（D＇〉0.9）,宫颈癌组T-A-C单倍型频率显著高于对照组（P=0.018）。结论 BRIP1基因功能区rs4986764及rs7213430 SNP位点可能与宫颈癌有关,携带有rs4986764 C等位基因及rs7213430 A等位的个体可能更容易患宫颈癌。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.