肥大性下橄榄核变性的MRI表现

目的:探讨肥大性下橄榄核变性(HOD)的MRI表现特征.方法:回顾性分析14例HOD患者的临床及影像学资料.14例均行常规磁共振平扫(T1WI、T2WI、T2FLAIR),8例行DWI检查,2例行扩散张量纤维束成像(DTT)检查.结果:14例HOD中6例为单侧(左侧5例,右侧1侧)发病,8例为双侧发病.12例原发病变为桥脑出血,1例为单侧小脑梗死,1例为双侧小脑萎缩.MRI表现为下橄榄核T2WI呈高或稍高信号,T1WI呈等或稍低信号,DWI呈等信号.7例下橄榄核存在不同程度的肿胀、肥大.1例DTT示患侧神经纤维束减少.结论:HOD多继发于齿状核-红核-下橄榄核环路病变,有特定的发病部位和较为特征性的MRI表现,结合其原发病变可对HOD作出正确诊断.     

肥大性下橄榄核变性的MRI浅析

目的 探讨肥大性下橄榄核变性(HOD)的MRI特征与临床表现,以期提高对该病的认识.方法 回顾性分析16例HOD患者的MRI表现,原发病变为脑干出血6例,脑干梗死3例,脑干挫裂伤1例,脑干脑炎1例,小脑出血4例,小脑肿瘤1例.16例均行T1WI、T2WI、FLAIR序列扫描,其中10例加做扩散加权成像和磁敏感加权成像序列.结果 MRI表现为单侧或双侧下橄榄核体积增大或无明显变化,T1WI呈等或稍低信号,T2WI呈稍高或高信号,FLAIR呈等或稍高信号,扩散加权成像上呈等信号,表观扩散系数图上呈稍高信号,磁敏感加权成像上无异常信号,对出血病灶显示最好.与原发性病变发生同侧HOD 6例,发生对侧HOD 4例,发生双侧HOD 6例.结论 MRI能非常清楚地显示下橄榄核的变性改变,但需结合临床病史、症状与体征才能对HOD做出明确诊断.     

肥大性下橄榄核变性的MRI特点分析

目的探讨肥大性下橄榄核变性(hypertrophic of olivary degeneration,HOD)的MRI特点,提高对本病的认识,减少误诊。方法回顾性分析42例HOD的MRI影像特点。结果 42例HOD患者表现为单侧或双侧下橄榄体积增大、正常或萎缩,T2WI及FLAIR序列呈稍高信号,T1WI呈等或稍低信号,DWI及ADC呈等或稍高信号,同时合并有中脑、脑桥被盖部及小脑齿状核的原发病变。结论肥大性下橄榄核变性具有特定的原发病变部位,结合其较为特征性的MRI表现可做出较为准确的诊断。     

12例继发于桥脑出血的肥大性下橄榄核变性的MRI表现

目的 探讨桥脑出血继发肥大性下橄榄核变性(HOD)的MRI表现.方法 回顾性分析12例桥脑出血后继发HOD的MRI表现,12例均行MRI常规序列和扩散加权成像(DWI)、磁敏感加权成像(SWI)或梯度回波(T2*WI)序列扫描,2例行扩散张量成像(DTI)扫描.结果 MRI表现为同侧或双侧下橄榄核体积增大或无明显变化,T1WI呈等或稍低信号,T2WI呈稍高或高信号,液体衰减反转恢复序列(FLAIR)呈等或稍高信号,DWI呈等或稍高信号,ADC图呈等或稍高信号,SWI或T2*WI呈等或稍高信号,其对原发出血病灶显示最好,DTI示病变侧纤维束稀少,3例并发双侧桥臂变性.结论 HOD多继发于桥脑背盖部出血,有特定的发病部位和较为特征的MRI表现,结合其原发病变可对HOD作出正确诊断.     

桥脑出血或梗死继发双侧小脑中脚Wallerian变性及肥大性下橄榄核变性的MR浅析(附5例报告)

目的探讨继发于桥脑出血或梗死并同时继发双侧小脑中脚Wallerian变性(WD)及肥大性下橄榄核变性(HOD)的发病机制、MRI特征及其与原发病灶关系,以期提高对该病的认识。方法回顾性分析5例继发于桥脑出血或梗死同时继发双侧小脑中脚WD及HOD的MRI表现,同时根据MRI表现和解剖结合文献对其进行分析。5例均行MRI常规序列和DWI、SWI或T2*WI序列扫描。结果 5例中3例桥脑基底部背侧出血,均继发双侧HOD及双侧小脑中脚WD。1例桥脑右背侧出血继发右侧HOD及双侧小脑中脚WD,1例桥脑左背侧梗死继发左侧HOD及双侧小脑中脚WD。HOD表现为单侧或双侧下橄榄核体积增大,T1WI呈等或稍低信号,T2WI呈稍高或高信号,FLAIR呈等或稍高信号,DWI呈等或稍高信号,ADC图呈等或稍高信号,SWI或T2*WI呈等或稍高信号,其对原发出血病灶显示最好。双侧小脑中脚WD早期表现为对称性DWI图高信号,ADC图低信号,T2WI稍高信号,T1等信号;中后期表现为DWI图等或稍低信号,ADC图稍高信号,T1WI稍低信号,T2WI稍高信号。结论肥大性下橄榄核变性多继发于桥脑背盖部病变,并且有特定的发病部位和较为特征的MRI表现;双侧小脑中脚对称性异常信号不难发现,但当同时存在桥脑出血或梗死、HOD及双侧小脑中脚对称性异常信号时要考虑到是桥脑出血或梗死同时继发HOD及双侧小脑中脚的WD,而不要盲目的把它们误认定为是三个原发孤立病变。     

肥大性下橄榄核变性的MRI诊断

目的 分析继发于中脑及桥脑被盖束病变的肥大性下橄榄核变性（HOD）的MRI表现。以提高对该病7变的认识，资料与方法 回顾分析7例继发于脑干病变的HOD者的MRI表现，其中原发病变为血管畸形4例，高血压病脑干出血2例。颅脑外伤1例。结果 脑干病变后最早1个月出现下橄榄核信号异常，8个月显示最清晰，MRI表现为T2WI高信号，T1WI呈等或稍低信号，均位于原发病变的同侧下橄榄核。结论 桥脑及中脑被盖束病变可以引起同侧下橄榄核发生肥大性变性。MRI可以清晰显示HOD病变，可提高对该病变的认识。避免误诊。     

肥大性下橄榄核变性的 MRI诊断

目的：探讨肥大性下橄榄核变性（ hypertrophic olivary degeneration , HOD）的MRI信号及大小改变特征,以提高对该病的认识和诊断。方法收集继发于脑桥、小脑病变的HOD病例27例,原发病变位于脑桥25例,其中海绵状血管瘤1例,挫裂伤8例,高血压性出血14例,梗死2例;原发病变位于小脑2例,其中小脑挫裂伤1例,小脑出血1例。所有病例均行T1 WI、T2 WI、FLAIR、DWI,8例行SWI检查,分析HOD的信号特点,测量下橄榄核径线。结果 MRI表现为下橄榄核体积增大,T2 WI均呈高信号,14例DWI序列呈等信号,13例DWI序列呈稍高信号,所有病例FLAIR呈稍高信号,10例T1 WI呈等信号,17例T1WI呈稍低信号。病变下橄榄核平均横径为（6．94±0．67）mm,平均前后径为（6．69±0．83）mm,平均纵径为（16．95±1．20）mm,下橄榄核前缘与延髓前缘平均间距为（1．37±0．56）mm。结论 MRI能清晰显示下橄榄核肥大变性,正确认识该病,可避免漏诊及误诊。     

肥大性下橄榄核变性的MRI诊断

目的 分析肥大性下橄榄核变性（hypertrophic olivary degeneration,HOD）的MRI特征,提高对该病的认识.方法 回顾性分析6例HOD的MRI表现以及导致该病产生的病因,这些病例多继发于脑干或小脑病变.结果 影像学表现为延髓腹外侧局部肿胀,T1WI呈等或稍低信号,T2WI及T2-Flair均表现为高信号.结论 MRI能够显示出下橄榄核的这一特异性的退变,是诊断HOD的最佳方法.     

继发于小脑病变的肥大性下橄榄核变性的MRI表现

目的　总结继发于小脑病变的肥大性下橄榄核变性 (hypertrophicolivarydegeneration ,HOD)的MR表现 ,提高对该病变的认识。方法　回顾总结 6例继发于小脑病变的肥大性下橄榄核变性的MR表现。结果　 6例病人中 ,原发病变为小脑半球出血 4例 ,小脑肿瘤手术后 1例 ,转移瘤 1例。年龄 40～ 71岁 ,平均 5 3岁 ,男 5例 ,女 1例。原发性病变位于右侧小脑半球 4例 ,累及双侧小脑半球 2例。自原发病变出现到进行MR检查时间为 4周～ 45个月。HOD在MR图像表现为T2 WI高信号 ,T1WI呈等或稍低信号。结论　MR可以清晰显示HOD ,提高对该病变的认识可以避免误诊。     

肥大性下橄榄核变性的MRI表现

目的 总结肥大性下橄榄核变性(hypertrophic olivary degeneration，HOD)的MRI特征.方法 搜集继发于脑干和小脑病变的HOD病例15例，原发病变位于脑干9例，其中血管畸形出血4例，高血压脑干出血2例，梗死2例，脑干挫伤1例；原发病变位于小脑6例，其中小脑半球出血4例，小脑第4脑室肿瘤术后1例，小脑转移瘤1例。15例均做了MR平扫，2例做了增强扫描。结果 HOD表现为延髓腹外侧局部体积稍增大(共6例)，T1WI表现为等或稍低信号(15例)，在T2WI为高信号(15例)。原发性病变导致中脑红核或桥脑被盖束受损者，发生同侧HOD(8例)；原发病变导致小脑齿状核受损者并引起对侧HOD(4例)，双侧中央被盖束受损(1例)或双侧小脑齿状核受累及者(2例)，发生双侧HOD。结论 MRI能非常清晰地显示下橄榄核的继发性变性病变，可以提高对该变性的认识，避免误诊的发生.     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.