CT引导下经皮穿刺治疗脊柱结核

目的:探讨CT引导下经皮穿刺治疗脊柱结核的价值。材料和方法:48例脊柱结核,在CT引导下进行病灶活检、病灶清除、灌注引流和持续局部抗结核药物冲洗。用CT扫描复查判断疗效。结果:全部病例穿刺成功。经过20~81天的置管持续灌注引流及局部灌注抗结核药物治疗,病变由治疗前的椎体骨质破坏、椎间隙狭窄、椎旁脓肿形成,变为治疗后椎体骨硬化,椎体间骨桥形成,脓肿缩小或消失。随访8个月~5年,病变无复发。结论:CT引导下穿刺治疗脊柱结核是一种较为安全、有效的方法,CT扫描复查对判断疗效和预后起重要作用。     

CT引导下经皮穿刺微创介入治疗脊柱结核脓肿

目的评价CT引导下经皮穿刺置管冲洗引流治疗脊柱结核脓肿的作用及疗效。资料与方法搜集近2年临床诊断为胸、腰椎结核并椎旁脓肿形成且经平片或CT检查证实的患者资料11例。在CT定位下,取椎旁脓肿最大层面穿刺,经穿刺定位针并扩张达5．0mm工作套管,置入双腔同轴引流管,保留引流管并用药物冲洗引流,同时配合临床口服抗结核药物治疗。结果经3～24个月随访,10例取得良好的疗效（其中7例治愈,3例有效）,1例疗效不理想,所有病例均无并发症发生。结论CT引导下经皮穿刺置管冲洗引流化疗治疗脊柱结核是一种操作简便、安全有效、创伤很小的介入治疗方法。     

CT引导下O3吹注熏蒸法治疗慢性顽固性皮肤窦道及溃疡的临床应用

目的 探讨应用在CT引导下臭氧(O3)吹注熏蒸法治疗慢性顽固性皮肤窦道及溃疡的临床效果.方法 回顾性分析本院26例在CT引导下O3吹注熏蒸法进行治疗的慢性顽固性皮肤窦道及不易愈合性溃疡的患者,作为治疗组.同时,收集同期进行临床外科传统手术清创换药治疗的慢性顽固性皮肤窦道及溃疡患者21例,作为对照组.观察2组愈合情况,做有效 率分析.结果 治疗组26例患者,2～4疗程(<45 d)后治愈者15例,显效者4例,有效者3例,有效率约为85%.对照组相同时间内(<45 d)21例患者治愈者7例,显效者3例,有效者5例,有效率约为71%,两者差异有统计学意义.结论 应用CT引导下O3吹注熏蒸法治疗慢性顽固性皮肤窦道及溃疡,治疗时间短,痛苦小,效果好,无明显副作用,可以作为治疗此类疾病的方法之一,广泛应用于临床.     

CT引导下经皮穿刺肝脓肿的介入治疗

目的 探讨CT引导下穿刺抽吸、冲洗治疗肝脓肿的方法和价值。方法 在CT引导下经皮穿刺对35例肝脓肿进行抽吸及冲洗治疗，冲洗液采用庆大霉素与甲硝唑混合溶液。结果 本组35例肝脓肿中多房脓肿8例、单房脓肿27例；其中8例脓肿腔内见有气体。经过一次抽吸冲洗治愈者25例，二次治愈者4例，三次治愈者6例。抽吸冲洗出脓汁的量在35mL-760mL。绝大部分病人治疗后于当日体温恢复正常。5例未住院，其余30例病人住院时间平均6．5d。结论 CT引导下经皮穿刺治疗肝脓肿是一项操作简便安全、非常有效的治疗方法，这种方法具有定位准确、损伤小、适应性广泛、便于广泛推广的突出特点。     

超声与CT引导下经皮穿刺引流肝脓肿的临床疗效分析

目的探讨超声与CT两种方法引导下经皮穿刺引流治疗肝脓肿的临床疗效。方法选取本院肝脓肿患者120例,行超声与CT引导下经皮肝脓肿穿刺引流术。结果 A组69个脓肿,B组67个脓肿,A组的穿刺操作时间明显少于B组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);A、B两组穿刺1次成功率和穿刺2次成功率无显著差异,比较无统计学意义(P0.05);A组无行穿刺3次的患者,B组穿刺3次成功率为4.48%(3个脓肿);A组的整体治愈率与B组无显著差异(P0.05);A组60例肝脓肿穿刺引流治疗后出现并发症者共5例,发生率为8.33%,其中发生药物渗漏者1例,引流不通畅者2例,腹腔中伴有出血者2例;B组60例肝脓肿穿刺引流治疗后出现并发症者共6例,发生率为10.0%,其中发生药物渗漏者2例,引流不通畅者3例,腹腔中伴有出血者1例,A、B两组穿刺治疗后并发症发生率无显著差异,比较无统计学意义(Χ~2=0.6903,P0.05)。结论 CT与超声引导下经皮穿刺引流治疗肝脓肿的整体治疗效果无显著差异,但超声相对而言费用更低、且更加方便,穿刺时间更短。     

CT引导下经皮肝脓肿穿刺置管引流术的应用

目的观察CT引导下经皮肝脓肿穿刺置管引流治疗肝脓肿的疗效和临床应用价值。方法对临床诊断明确并经实验室及影像学检查证实的36例患者在CT引导下经皮肝脓肿穿刺引流,术中置管,术后定时冲洗并积极进行有效的抗生素治疗。结果 36例肝脓肿患者经皮穿刺置管引流术治疗后,临床症状消失,无并发症发生,经B型超声或CT复查脓肿消失,全部治愈出院。结论 CT引导下经皮肝脓肿穿刺置管引流术具有操作简便、手术创伤小、住院费用低、疗效肯定等优点,是临床治疗肝脓肿的有效方法之一。     

分析肝脓肿介入治疗住院时间的影响因素

目的分析肝脓肿行经皮穿刺置管引流术的影响因素。 方法选择DSA引导下经皮肝穿刺置管引流并采用不同冲洗液冲洗脓腔治疗肝脓肿116例,进行资料分析,患者平均（59.98±16.73）岁,其中男性76例,女性40例。既往有糖尿病49例,无糖尿病67例;脓肿单发者48例,多发者68例;住院期间有并发症者104例,无并发症的12例。对穿刺液经行细菌培养,大肠杆菌阳性者20例,肺炎克雷白杆菌52例,其他致病菌8例,培养阴性36例。按冲洗液不同分为两组：A组,置管后先使用甲硝唑注射液冲洗,细菌培养及药敏结果明确后改用含敏感抗生素液体冲洗脓腔,共68例;B组,置管后全程使用甲硝唑冲洗,共48例。 结果116例肝脓肿患者治疗有效率100%。统计分析结果显示性别、有无并发症对住院时间影响的差异无统计学意义;年龄与住院时间无相关关系;糖尿病、脓肿数目及不同冲洗方法对住院时间的影响差异有统计学意义。 结论DSA引导下经皮肝穿刺置管引流冲洗治疗肝脓肿疗效确切,糖尿病是影响住院时间的重要因素;多发肝脓肿的住院时间较单发的明显延长;采用敏感抗生素溶液冲洗肝脓肿效果更显著。     

超声引导穿刺置管引流治疗肝脓肿的临床应用及护理

目的:探讨了超声引导经皮穿刺置管引流冲洗与直接冲洗治疗肝脓肿的临床应用价值及护理。方法:对52例肝脓肿患者,63个病灶行超声引导经皮穿刺,小于5cm的脓肿直接穿刺抽吸治疗,大于5cm的肝脓肿置管引流。同时做好术前准备,全身支持营养,心理护理。临床应用效果良好。结果:52例患者的63个病灶完全治愈,穿刺术后24小时无不良反应,4周治愈率达到78%,8周治愈率达到83%,6个月治愈率达到100%,无护理并发症。结论:超声引导经皮穿刺置管引流抽吸冲洗治疗肝脓肿,方法简单,安全有效,创伤小,可取代外科手术治疗肝脓肿。细致周到的护理是治疗成功的重要保证。     

脊柱结核治疗方法的临床选择

目的:探讨脊柱结核的手术指征及手术方式的选择.方法:总结我科2002～2006年收治116例脊柱结核的治疗方法,使用标准方案3HRSE(Z) / 6～15HRE(Z)进行化疗,手术指征的确定与术式的选择主要基于脊柱结构的破坏程度(包括后凸畸形)、脊髓受压、脊柱稳定性的判断.结果:单行保守治疗65例,手术51例.31例出现化疗相关的并发症,对症或改换药物后缓解.病灶清除、脓肿引流、置管冲洗术共12例,后路椎弓根螺钉内固定术共3例,病灶清除、植骨融合、一期内固定术共36例.除19 例失访外,其余97 例获得2～6 年(平均2.2年)随访.随访期内结核病灶控制满意,患者症状明显改善,后凸畸形矫形满意.结论:正规化疗是脊柱结核治疗的基础,手术目的主要是重建破坏的脊柱,脊柱的破坏程度是手术指征、术式选择的主要参考.     

清除联合脊柱固定术治疗脊柱结核的临床效果观察

目的探讨病灶清除联合脊柱固定术在脊柱结核治疗中的价值,旨在为治疗脊柱结核提供参考。方法选取2008年11月-2013年2月期间骨科收治89例脊柱结核为实验对象,其中45例采用前路病灶清除植骨内固定术治疗（观察组）;另44例采用君路病灶清除植骨融合术（对照组）,比较两组患者的治疗效果。结果脊柱后凸畸形矫形率、复发率、VAS评分及Frankel分级,与对照组比较,无显著性差异（P〉0．05）;观察组术中出血量552．69±48．35mL,手术时间143．87±32．64min,显著优于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论病灶清除联合脊柱固定术是脊柱结核的有效治疗方法．其中前路手术术中出血量,手术时间短值得临床推广。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.