早期放射性骨髓损伤微血管渗透性变化的MRI研究

目的:采用动态增强MRI (DCE-MRI)定量渗透性参数探索X线照射后大鼠股骨骨髓微血管渗透性变化.方法:36只6-8周龄SD大鼠随机分为辐射组(n=18)和对照组(n=18),辐射组大鼠接受6.0Gy高能量X线全身照射,对照组大鼠不进行照射处理.分别在X线照射前后各时间点行股骨DCE-MRI灌注成像检查,测量股骨兴趣区微血管转运常数(Ktrans)、反流速率常数(Kep)、血浆容积分数(Vp)和血管外细胞外容积分数(Ve);大鼠股骨行组织病理学检查并测定微血管密度(MVD).结果:辐射组在辐射前后各时间点DCE-MRI灌注参数Ktrans、Kep、Vp、Vc值差异均具有统计学意义(F=59.097,P＜0.01;F=21.349,P＜0.01;F=27.059,P＜0.01;F=32.061,P＜0.01).Ktrans值逐渐增加,在辐射后第7天达到峰值;Vp值逐渐减小;Kep值照射后第4天减小(P＜0.01),第7天较第4天增大(P＜0.01);Ve值照射后第4天增大(P＜0.01),第7天与第4天无明显变化(P＞0.05).相应时间节点对照组各渗透性参数之间差异无统计学意义(P值均＞0.05).辐射组大鼠MVD与Ktrans、Kep值呈负相关(r值分别为-0.5936、-0.8055,P值均＜0.05)、与Vp呈正相关(r=0.6451,P＜0.05)、与Ve值无相关性(r=0.1426,P＞0.05).结论:DCE-MRI定量参数可评价早期放射性骨髓损伤的微血管渗透性变化.     

DCE-MRI定量参数预测高强度超声消融术治疗症状性子宫肌瘤首次体积消融率价值

目的 探讨DCE-MRI定量渗透性与T1灌注分析预测高强度超声消融术(HIFU)治疗子宫肌瘤首次体积消融率价值.方法 搜集本院29例症状性子宫肌瘤行HIFU消融治疗患者(36个肌瘤,直径3.1 ～9.2 cm),治疗前、后3天内分别行DCE-MRI和常规MRI检查,术前测量子宫肌瘤DCE-MRI定量参数值(Ktrans、Kep、Ve、Vp、BF、BV),术后测量肌瘤首次体积消融率,根据体积消融率划分为消融70％以上组(H组)和70％以下组(L组),回顾性分析这两组病例术前渗透性与T1灌注定量参数值有无差别及其与体积消融率的相关性,然后采用ROC曲线评价各参数值的预测价值,寻找术前预测首次体积消融率的最佳临界值.结果 (1)H组(n=20)Ktrans、Kep、Ve、BF低于L组(n=16),差异有统计学意义(P值均＜0.05),余两组各参数间无统计学差异.(2)Ktrans、BF、BV与首次体积消融率呈负相关(r分别为-0.471、-0.452、-0.396,P值均＜0.05).(3)Ktrans、BF、BV值预测首次体积消融率ROC曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.803、0.809、0.750(P值均＜0.05).以体积消融率70％分界,均获得较高的敏感性和特异性.结论 不同消融率组之间术前Ktrans、Kep、Ve、BF存在差异,Ktrans、BF、BV与首次体积消融率呈负相关,即术前Ktrans、BF、BV值越高,首次体积消融率越低,这三种参数中BF预测效能最好,Ktrans次之.术前DCE-MRI定量参数值可用于预测瘤灶的首次体积消融率,为HIFU消融治疗子宫肌瘤病例筛选和初步判断疗效提供依据.     

DCE-MRI定量参数分析子宫内膜癌影像与病理特征相关性研究

目的 探讨动态增强磁共振Tofts两室模型定量参数分析子宫内膜癌的影像与病理特征的相关性.方法 搜集32例首诊经病理证实为子宫内膜癌患者资料.均行3.0T磁共振动态增强扫描,采用Tofts药代模型测得感兴趣区的定量灌注参数值:容量转移常数(Ktrans)、速率常数(Kep)、血管外细胞外间隙容积比(Ve)值.根据病理组织分化程度对该组资料进行分组,分为高分化、中分化、低分化组.应用统计学方法分析定量参数与不同病理组织分化程度之间的相关性.结果 DCE定量参数Ktrans值、Kep值及Ve值在高分化、中分化及低分化组间均值差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),高分化组Ktrans值、Kep值、Ve值均小于低分化组,中分化组介于两者之间.ROC曲线分析得出Ktrans对应的曲线下面积最大(0.86).当Ktrans为0.40 min-1时,诊断敏感性、特异性分别为92.3％、88.9％.Spearman相关分析显示各定量参数Ktrans、Kep、Ve值与病理分化程度呈中等程度负相关,r值分别为-0.743、-0.707、-0.668(P ＜0.01).结论 DCE-MRI定量参数值有助于对子宫内膜癌病理分化程度的进一步区分.     

4D-THRIVE动态增强扫描评价早期宫颈癌微血管通透性的价值

目的 应用4D-THRIVE动态增强扫描磁共振成像技术,分析早期宫颈癌微血管通透性的特点及临床意义.方法 对30例正常宫颈组、48例宫颈癌组(Ⅰ期16例均为宫颈鳞癌Ⅰb期,Ⅱ期32例包括宫颈鳞癌27例,宫颈腺癌5例)分别进行4D-THRIVE动态增强扫描,在Matlab平台下对兴趣区内STC及CTC进行非线性拟合获得血管通透性相关参数Ktrans,Kep及Ve值,评估正常宫颈组、宫颈癌组血管通透性的特点.结果 正常宫颈组及宫颈癌组比较,Ktrans及Kep有显著性差异(P＜0.05),Ve值差异无统计学意义;宫颈癌Ⅰ期组与宫颈癌Ⅱ期组比较,Ktrans及Kep有显著性差异(P＜0.05),Ve值差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);同级别宫颈鳞癌组与宫颈腺癌组相比较,Ktrans及Kep有显著性差异(P＜0.05),Ve值差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 4D-THRIVE动态增强定量分析宫颈癌微血管通透性有助于术前评估肿瘤的生物学行为,在宫颈癌血管的生成、对治疗的反应、对放疗和化疗的敏感性以及预后评价等方面提供一种无创性检查技术.     

乳腺癌DCE-MRI定量参数与生物学预后因子的相关性研究

目的探讨乳腺癌动态增强磁共振成像(DCE-MRI)定量参数与生物学预后因子(ER、PR、HER-2、Ki-67)的相关性。方法对34例乳腺癌患者术前行DCE-MRI检查,测量癌组织的DCE-MRI定量参数(Ktrans、Kep、Ve)值。术后标本行免疫组织化学染色,测定肿瘤细胞ER、PR、HER-2、Ki-67表达情况。采用Mann-Whitney U秩和检验,比较ER、PR和HER-2不同表达状态时DCE-MRI定量参数的差异。采用Spearman等级相关检验,分析DCE-MRI定量参数与Ki-67表达的相关性。结果 ER、PR不同表达状态时,ER、PR表达阴性组的Kep值均高于阳性组,Kep值的差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),Ktrans和Ve值的差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。HER-2不同表达状态时,Ktrans、Kep、Ve值的差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。Ktrans值与Ki-67表达呈正相关(P0.001,r=0.731),Kep值与Ki-67表达呈正相关(P=0.019,r=0.477),Ve值与Ki-67表达无相关性(P0.05)。结论乳腺癌DCE-MRI定量参数与生物学预后因子间存在一定的相关性,Ktrans和Kep值可反映乳腺癌的生物学行为,能间接评估肿瘤预后并为指导临床治疗方案的选择提供参考。     

IVIM-DWI与DCE-MRI定量参数鉴别乳腺良恶性肿瘤的对照研究

【摘要】目的：比较体素内不相干运动（IVIM）模型DWI与动态增强MRI（DCE-MRI）定量参数在鉴别乳腺良、恶性病变中的价值,并探讨两种模型灌注参数的相关性。方法：回顾性分析88例共93个乳腺病变患者的病例资料。其中良性病变44个,恶性病变49个。患者术前均行IVIM-DWI及DCE-MRI检查,获得病灶的6个定量参数值,IVIM-DWI的定量参数有纯扩散系数（D）、灌注相关扩散系数（D*）和灌注分数（f）,DCE-MRI的定量参数有容积转运常数（Ktrans）、速率常数（Kep）和血管外细胞外间隙容积分数（Ve）。比较乳腺良、恶性肿瘤组之间各定量参数值的差异,绘制ROC曲线确定各参数和参数联合鉴别乳腺恶性肿瘤的阈值、曲线下面积（AUC）、敏感度和特异度。采用Pearson相关性分析评估IVIM-DWI灌注参数与DCE-MRI灌注参数之间的相关性。结果：乳腺恶性肿瘤组的D和f值明显低于良性组,Ktrans和Kep值明显高于良性组,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.001）。ROC曲线分析显示,D、f、D+f、Ktrans、Kep和Ktrans+Kep值鉴别乳腺良恶性病变的AUC分别为0.891、0.827、0.937、0.933、0.948和0.955,IVIM-DWI参数联合诊断模型（D+f）与DCE-MRI参数联合诊断模型（Ktrans+Kep）鉴别良恶性乳腺肿瘤的AUC的差异无统计学意义（Z=0.571,P=0.568）。乳腺肿瘤的D值与Ktrans、Kep值均呈中度负相关（r=－0.469,P<0.001;r=－0.510,P<0.001）;f值与Ktrans、Kep值呈弱负相关（r=-0.397,P<0.001;r=－0.328,P<0.001）;D*和Ve值与其它参数间均无显著相关性（P>0.05）。结论：IVIM-DWI和DCE-MRI定量参数（Ktrans、Kep、D及f）均能有效鉴别乳腺良恶性肿瘤,且诊断效能相似,IVIM-DWI与DCE-MRI灌注参数间有一定的相关性。     

DCE-MRI定量参数对前列腺癌内分泌治疗的疗效评价

目的:回顾性分析前列腺癌(PCa)内分泌治疗前后DCE-MRI定量参数的变化,探讨DCE-MRI定量参数作为分析指标在用于PCa内分泌治疗后疗效监测的价值.方法:收集经病理学证实的33例PCa患者的临床和影像资料.测量定量参数:转运常数(Ktrans)、血管外细胞外间隙体积百分数(Ve)和速率常数(Kep)在内分泌治疗前后癌区的各参数值和血清PSA水平,对前后间参数变化的差异作统计学分析,并探讨DCE-MRI定量参数变化与PSA值变化之间的相关性.结果:治疗前癌区的Ktrans(3.2502±1.46)×10-3 min-1、Kep(2.3341±1.59)×10-3 min-1、Ve 1.1.7475±0.87、PSA (59.9054±37.15)μg/L,治疗后癌区的Ktrans(2.1873±1.19)×10-3min-1、Kep(1.0325±0.68)×10-3min-1、Ve2.0512±0.75、PSA (2.4831±3.93)μg/L;,其中癌区Ktrans、Kep值、PSA值在治疗前后间的差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),而Ve在治疗前后间的差异没有统计学意义(P＞0.05).Spearman相关分析显示癌区治疗前后DCE-MRI的参数变化与PSA值变化无相关性(P＞0.05).结论:DCE-MRI的定量参数Ktrans、Kep在PCa内分泌治疗后发生变化,可用于临床PCa内分泌治疗的疗效监测,可作为临床PCa疗效检测指标PSA的补充.     

动态增强磁共振评估胶质瘤分级及ANXA1表达的应用研究

目的 探讨DCE-MRI灌注参数在评估胶质瘤术前分级和肿瘤内ANXA1表达中的价值,为术前提供更精确的诊断信息。方法 选取本院50例经病理证实的胶质瘤患者。术前均行DCE-MRI检查,用Tissue-4D后处理得到相应参数值。用免疫组化检测胶质瘤组织中ANXA1的表达。两组间比较采用Mann-Whitney U检验,Spearman相关性分析ANXA1表达与各参数的相关性,进行受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)分析各参数的曲线下面积(AUC)。结果 DCE-MRI灌注参数在不同级别胶质瘤间差异具有统计学意义(P <0.05)。高级别胶质瘤(HGG)的Ktrans、Ve值及ANXA1表达高于低级别胶质瘤(LGG),HGG的Kep低于LGG(P <0.05)。Ktrans值的AUC为0.778(HGG vs LGG),诊断效能最高。在HGG中Ktrans值与ANXA1表达的相关性最强(r=0.46,P <0.05)。结论 DCE灌注参数Ktrans值及Ve值对胶质瘤分级有较好的诊断效能,且Ktrans值与肿瘤组织中ANXA1的表达正相关。     

DCE-MRI药代动力学参数预估胰腺癌增殖及侵袭转移的可行性初探

目的探讨DCE-MRI药代动力学参数无创评估胰腺癌Ki67、MMP14表达状况,进而探讨其预估胰腺癌增殖及侵袭转移的可行性。方法前瞻性连续收集经病理证实的胰腺癌患者21例,术前行胰腺DCE-MRI扫描并测量癌灶的药代动力学参数Ktrans、Kep、Ve和Vp。采用独立样本T检验分别比较Ki67、MMP14高、低表达组,胰腺癌Ktrans、Kep、Ve和Vp的差异。采用ROC曲线评估DCE-MRI药代动力学参数预估胰腺癌Ki67、MMP14表达状况的效能。结果Ki67高表达组胰腺癌Ktrans、Kep分别高于低表达组(P=0.026,0.023)。MMP14高表达组胰腺癌Ktrans、Kep、Ve分别高于低表达组(P=0.004,0.012,0.002)。胰腺癌Ktrans、Kep评估Ki67高表达的AUC分别为0.791、0.777;胰腺癌Ktrans、Kep、Ve评估MMP14高表达的AUC分别为0.832、0.823、0.868。结论DCE-MRI药代动力学参数可无创评估胰腺癌Ki67、MMP14表达状况,有预估胰腺癌增殖及侵袭转移的潜能。     

DCE-MRI在胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤术前分级中的应用

目的:初步探讨动态对比增强磁共振成像(DCE-MRI)在胰腺神经内分泌瘤(pNETs)术前分级中的应用价值.方法:搜集2014年5月～2016年4月经手术病理证实的pNETs患者20例(25个病灶),其中G1期病灶14个,G2期10个,G3期1个,将G1期病灶归为G1 pNETs组,G2期病灶归为G2 pNETs组,由于G3期病灶仅1例暂未做入组分析.所有患者禁食禁水4h后行DCE-MRI扫描.数据被传输到Research-DCEMRI Tool诊断分析工作站,测定各定量灌注参数-转运常数(Ktrans)、速率常数(Kep)、细胞外血管外间隙百分比(Ve)及血浆容量百分比(Vp).采用独立样本t检验分析不同级别pNETs定量灌注参数的差异,P＜0.05表示差异有统计学意义.绘制定量参数的受试者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线),计算其在pNETs分级中的诊断效能.结果:不同分级pNETs的Ktrans值和Kep值分别比较,差异均有统计学意义(P=0.014和P=0.025);不同分级pNETs的Ve值和Vp值分别比较,均无统计学差异(P=0.786和P=0.522).Ktrans、Kep值的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.782和0.771,Ktrans取界值为0.714时其敏感度、特异度分别为70.00％、85.71％,Kep取界值为1.721时其敏感度、特异度分别为60.00％、92.86％.结论:DCE-MRI的Ktrans、Kep值可初步用于定量、无创评估pNETs分级,尤其Ktrans值在分级诊断中效能较高.     

Vertebral infection

Vertebral infection represents 2-4% of all cases of osteomyelitis. An increase in the incidence of pyogenic as well as granulomatous spondylitis has been noticed. Early radiological diagnosis is of great importance for prompt treatment and prevention of clinically significant consequences which include neural compromise and late spinal deformities. The most frequent causative pyogenic micro-organisms are gram-negative bacteria especially Staphylococcus aureus. An important form of nonpyogenic granulomatous infection is tuberculous spondylitis which represents the most common form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. The routes of spinal infection include hematogenous spread, postoperative infections, direct implantation during spinal punctures and spread from a contiguous focus. The role of imaging is an early diagnosis, evaluation of extent of infection with special regard to potential neural compromise, differential diagnosis, guidance of diagnostic biopsy, planning of eventual operative procedures and assessment of therapeutic response. Imaging modalities include bone scintigraphy, radiography, CT and MRI. In practice, usually a combination of a sensitive and a specific method is utilised. The only imaging modality which combines high sensitivity with satisfactory specificity is MRI. This is the reason that MRI frequently has become the first imaging modality in clinically suspect spinal infection. The MRI is the method of choice for direct demonstration of extension of infection, especially of eventual epidural abscess or phlegmon and consecutive neural compression. Using MRI monitoring of therapeutic efficiency is possible.     

Vertebral pneumatocysts

Objective: To review the prevalence and location of vertebral pneumatocysts and evaluate the CT findings of these benign lesions.Material and Methods: Retrospectively we reviewed CT images of 89 patients with suspected disc disease during a 6-month period.Results: Distinctive CT pattern of intraosseous pneumatocysts involving the cervical, thoracic and lumbar spine was found. In 8 patients (9%), 10 vertebral pneumatocysts were detected. Five were located in the vertebral body and 4 of these were associated with vacuum phenomenon in adjacent intervertebral discs. Five were located near the facet joint and all were associated with vacuum phenomenon in adjacent facet joint.Conclusion: Intraosseous pneumatocyst is a benign lesion, therefore biopsy and follow-up are unnecessary. Although vertebral pneumatocysts seem to be uncommon with a few reported cases, this study shows them to be more frequent than previously thought.     

Vertebral chondroblastoma

OBJECTIVE: To determine the age distribution, gender, incidence, and imaging findings of vertebral chondroblastoma, and to compare our series with findings from case reports in the world literature. DESIGN AND PATIENTS: Case records and imaging findings of nine histologically documented vertebral chondroblastomas were retrospectively reviewed for patient age, gender, vertebral column location and level, morphology, matrix, edema, soft tissue mass, spinal canal invasion, and metastases. Our findings were compared with a total of nine patients identified from previous publications in the world literature. The histologic findings in our cases was re-reviewed for diagnosis and specifically for features of calcification and secondary aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC). Clinical follow-up was requested from referring institutions. RESULTS: Nine of 856 chondroblastomas arose in vertebrae (incidence 1.4%; thoracic 5, lumbar 1, cervical 2, sacral 1). There were six males and three females ranging in age from 5 to 41 years (mean 28 years). Satisfactory imaging from seven patients revealed the tumor to arise from the posterior elements in four and the body in three. All tumors were expansive, six of seven were aggressive, and the spinal canal was significantly narrowed by bone or soft tissue mass in six. In one patient canal invasion was minimal. Calcification was pronounced in two and subtle in four. The sole nonaggressive-appearing tumor was heavily mineralized. Bony edema and secondary ABC were not seen on MR imaging. None of the cases had microscopic features of significant secondary ABC. Calcification, and specifically "chicken wire" calcification, was identified in two patients. Pulmonary metastases occurred in none. CONCLUSIONS: Vertebral chondroblastoma is a rare neoplasm that presents later in life than its appendicular counterpart. On imaging it is aggressive in appearance with bone destruction, soft tissue mass, and spinal canal invasion. The lesions contain variable amounts of mineral. Secondary aneurysmal cyst bone formation was not a feature in our study group.     

经皮椎体成形术治疗中老年压缩性椎体骨折临床分析

目的：探讨总结经皮椎体成形术（PVP）在治疗中老年性椎体压缩性骨折（VCFs）的疗效。方法：分析2008-07～2011-10以来随访资料完整的24例老年椎体骨折患者,其中男性10例,女性14例,年龄在52-79岁之间．平均年龄68岁,详细记录术前和术后1、3、6个月、1年时的病人状况,进行临床效果及影像学分析。结果：随访12-24个月。平均18个月,临床有效率96％,患者疼痛明显减轻,椎体压缩率均有明显好转,椎体高度和强度基本恢复,再骨折1例。结论：C型臂X光机或CT连续扫描引导下的椎体成形术为良好的治疗老年性骨折的方法。能够迅速缓解疼痛,有效的恢复椎体高度和纠正后凸畸形,但需要严格掌握适应症和禁忌症。     

Vertebral vacuum phenomenon

Gas lucency within intervertebral disc spaces, the vertebral vacuum phenomenon (VVP) was visible radiographically in 12/42 (28%) women with adenocarcinoma of the breast metastatic to bone. In 7/12 (17%) the VVP occurred adjacent to vertebra involved with metastatic tumor and free of significant degenerative changes. Vertebral collapse occurred in all seven women, but was minimal in some when the VVP was prominent. Metastatic malignancy should be considered along with degenerative disease when the VVP is observed.