正常膝关节周围肌肉DTI纤维示踪成像b值探讨

目的探讨膝关节周围肌肉DTI成像的最佳b值及相关参数。方法选取15例健康志愿者,男7例,女8例,年龄20～30岁,平均年龄25岁,行膝关节常规MR检查包括冠状T1WI、FS-T2WI,矢状位T2WI、PDWI及轴位T1WI,DTI(b值分别为400,500,700s/mm2)检查,重建出ADC图,eADC图,FA图及FA彩色编码图,通过DTI纤维示踪(fiber tracking)显示膝关节周围肌肉纤维束连续性和走行方向,分析比较不同b值情况下同一块肌肉肌纤维成像的清晰度与完整性,选择肌肉成像的最佳b值,并测量最佳b值时不同肌肉的ADC值、eADC值及FA值,分析不同肌肉同一b值的DTI参数有无差异。结果不同b值在同一块肌肉中成像质量有统计学差异,b值为500s/mm2的肌肉成像质量优于b值为400s/mm2,700s/mm2时的肌肉成像质量;b值为500s/mm2时不同肌肉的ADC值、eADC值及FA值无明显统计学差异。结论肌肉DTI成像最佳b值为500s/mm2,此时不同肌肉DTI参数无明显统计学差异。     

The Study of Diffusion Tensor Imaging in the Normal Prostate

目的 探讨1.5 T MR扩散张量成像(diffusion tensor imaging,DTI)在正常前列腺的参数特点及纤维示踪图像(fiber tracking,FT)表现,为DTI在前列腺癌的应用提供研究基础.资料与方法 21名健康男性志愿者[(24.7 ±3.59)岁]行前列腺常规MRI及DTI扫描,将DTI扫描数据行后处理分析,测量中央叶和外围叶感兴趣区的表观扩散系数(ADC)和各向异性分数(FA),比较两者的ADC、FA值差异有无统计学意义,并重建前列腺的FT图像.结果 (1)健康男性前列腺DTI左右两侧中央叶和外围叶的ADC、FA值差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05);(2)中央叶和外围叶的ADC、FA值差异有统计学意义,中央叶的ADC值低于外围叶,中央叶的FA值高于外围叶(P＜0.05);(3)FT图显示不同颜色的纤维对应不同走行方向,且中央叶的纤维排列比外围叶紧密.结论 1.5T MR DTI在正常前列腺研究中具有可行性,有助于DTI在前列腺癌中的应用研究.     

A Preliminary Study of Diagnosing Prostate Cancer in the Peripheral Zone by MR Diffusion Tensor Imaging at 3.0 T

目的 应用3.0T磁共振成像系统探讨扩散张量成像(DTI)诊断前列腺外周带癌的价值.资料与方法 搜集在3.0 T MR行前列腺检查并经穿刺活检证实的33例前列腺病变患者资料.扫描序列包括矢、冠、轴位TSET2WI序列及轴位单次激发平面回波成像(SS-EPI) DTI序列,b值采用0和700 s/mm2.扫描图像由两名放射学家进行评估,将前列腺外周带分为六个区域(每侧外周带分为尖部、中部和基底部三部分),根据穿刺结果将每个区域定为癌区或非癌区,测量前列腺外周带癌区和非癌区的表观扩散系数(ADC)值和各向异性分数(FA)值.采用t检验比较两者的ADC和FA值,并对DTI参数建立Logstic回归模型,对ADC、FA值和DTI参数行受试者工作特征( ROC)曲线分析以确定它们区分前列腺外周带癌区和非癌区的效能.结果 前列腺外周带癌区及外周带非癌区的ADC值分别为(1.02±0.16)×10-3mm2/s和(1.22±0.14)×10-3mm2/s;FA值分别为0.38±0.09和0.31±0.06,两者差异均具有统计学意义(P ＜0.0001,P＜0.0001).ADC值、FA值及DTI区分前列腺外周带癌区和非癌区的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.84、0.76和0.86.DTI曲线下面积显著高于FA值(P=0.0009),但DTI和ADC曲线下面积无显著差异(P =0.1595).结论 DTI有助于诊断前列腺外周带癌.     

肘部尺神经扩散张量成像技术参数优化的研究

目的：优化肘部尺神经扩散张量成像(DTI)参数。方法使用5组不同 b 值和扩散梯度方向数量(NDGDs)DTI 序列采集13名志愿者肘部尺神经图像并建立扩散示踪图(DTT)。比较不同成像参数条件下,尺神经各向异性分数(FA)、表观扩散系数(ADC)、神经纤维束长度和 DTI 图像质量的差异性。结果18个正常尺神经 DTI 结果纳入研究。不同成像条件下,尺神经 FA 值无明显差异。当 NDGDs 一定时,b 值升高,图像质量下降,尺神经 ADC 值减低;而 NDGDs 对 ADC 值和图像质量无显著影响。b=1000 s/mm2,NDGDs=20时,测得尺神经纤维束长度最长,且 DTT 的主观评分最高。结论以 b=1000 s/mm2,NDGDs=20用于肘部尺神经 DTI,可获得良好的图像质量和稳定的观测指标。     

正常成人大脑白质纤维磁共振弥散张量成像的定量研究

目的:运用弥散张量成像(DTI)定量研究正常成人脑白质不同解剖部位的各向异性特点.方法:对60名正常成人按年龄分成四组,均行DTI检查,分析其表面弥散系数(ADC)图及各向异性分数(FA)图的特点,并对不同解剖部位的脑白质进行ADC值及FA值的定量分析,通过统计学分析得出其弥散系数和各向异性特点.结果:不同年龄组间相同解剖部位脑白质ADC值及FA值的差异无统计学意义;不同解剖部位间FA值及ADC值的差异具有显著性.结论:DTI可清晰显示脑内白质的走行及方向,FA能准确定量分析正常成人不同部位脑白质纤维的各向异性程度.     

DTI在正常前列腺的应用研究

目的探讨1.5 T MR扩散张量成像(diffusion tensor imaging,DTI)在正常前列腺的参数特点及纤维示踪图像(fiber tracking,FT)表现,为DTI在前列腺癌的应用提供研究基础。资料与方法 21名健康男性志愿者[(24.7±3.59)岁]行前列腺常规MRI及DTI扫描,将DTI扫描数据行后处理分析,测量中央叶和外围叶感兴趣区的表观扩散系数(ADC)和各向异性分数(FA),比较两者的ADC、FA值差异有无统计学意义,并重建前列腺的FT图像。结果 (1)健康男性前列腺DTI左右两侧中央叶和外围叶的ADC、FA值差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);(2)中央叶和外围叶的ADC、FA值差异有统计学意义,中央叶的ADC值低于外围叶,中央叶的FA值高于外围叶(P<0.05);(3)FT图显示不同颜色的纤维对应不同走行方向,且中央叶的纤维排列比外围叶紧密。结论 1.5 TMR DTI在正常前列腺研究中具有可行性,有助于DTI在前列腺癌中的应用研究。     

磁共振FLAIR序列和DTI在脑弥漫性轴索损伤诊断中的价值

目的 探讨磁共振FLAIR序列和DTI在急性期脑弥漫性轴索损伤(DAI)中的诊断价值及DAI病灶平均ADC值及FA值变化.方法 回顾性分析23例经临床确诊的DAI患者的影像学资料,所有患者及20例健康成人均在常规MRI扫描基础上行液体衰减翻转恢复(FLAIR)序列及弥散加权成像(DTI)扫描,比较两者DAI病灶的检出数目,分析信号特征,分区(大脑半球、胼胝体区、脑干区、小脑半球)测量DAI病灶的平均ADC值及FA值,并与正常对照组相应分区的平均ADC值及FA 值进行比较.结果 联合FLAIR序列和DTI共发现DAI病灶98个,其中DTI显示病灶而FLAIR为阴性的病灶数为11个,FLAIR显示出病灶而DTI为阴性的为5个,各区DAI病灶较之对照组,平均ADC值以降低为主,无变化及升高并存,而FA值降低.结论 对于急性期DAI病灶的显示,DTI比FLAIR序列敏感,FA值变化较平均ADC值敏感,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).     

3.0T磁共振扩散张量成像诊断前列腺外周带癌的初步研究

目的应用3.0 T磁共振成像系统探讨扩散张量成像(DTI)诊断前列腺外周带癌的价值。资料与方法搜集在3.0 T MR行前列腺检查并经穿刺活检证实的33例前列腺病变患者资料。扫描序列包括矢、冠、轴位TSET2WI序列及轴位单次激发平面回波成像(SS-EPI)DTI序列,b值采用0和700 s/mm2。扫描图像由两名放射学家进行评估,将前列腺外周带分为六个区域(每侧外周带分为尖部、中部和基底部三部分),根据穿刺结果将每个区域定为癌区或非癌区,测量前列腺外周带癌区和非癌区的表观扩散系数(ADC)值和各向异性分数(FA)值。采用t检验比较两者的ADC和FA值,并对DTI参数建立Logistic回归模型,对ADC、FA值和DTI参数行受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析以确定它们区分前列腺外周带癌区和非癌区的效能。结果前列腺外周带癌区及外周带非癌区的ADC值分别为(1.02±0.16)×10-3mm2/s和(1.22±0.14)×10-3mm2/s;FA值分别为0.38±0.09和0.31±0.06,两者差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.0001,P<0.0001)。ADC值、FA值及DTI区分前列腺外周带癌区和非癌区的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.84、0.76和0.86。DTI曲线下面积显著高于FA值(P=0.0009),但DTI和ADC曲线下面积无显著差异(P=0.1595)。结论 DTI有助于诊断前列腺外周带癌。     

正常人颈髓不同节段磁共振扩散张量成像分析

目的 定量分析正常人颈髓不同节段弥散张量成像(diffusion tensor imaging,DTI)的参数值及其相关性.方法 使用单次激发自旋回波平面回波(single-shot spin echo echo-planar image,SS-SE-EPI)序列、12个扩散敏感梯度磁场方向、b值为0 s/mm2和500 s/mm2,对20例健康志愿者行颈髓DTI检查,测量颈髓各节段各向异性分数(fractional anisotropy,FA)值与表观扩散系数( apparent diffusion coefficient,ADC)值,同时感兴趣区(ROI)分别选择16 mm2和26 mm2.结果 纤维示踪图显示颈髓纤维束连续,粗细均匀;颈髓各节段FA值之间存在差异,C2/3椎间盘及C3椎体平面颈髓FA较余节段高(P<0.05);而各节段颈髓ADC值之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).ROI面积取值不同,所测得的颈髓DTI参数值差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).颈髓FA值与ADC值之间呈负相关(P<0.05).结论 正常人颈髓不同节段FA值存在差异,ADC值无明显差异;ROI面积不同,所测得参数值无明显差异;颈髓FA值与ADC值呈负相关.     

1.5 T MR兔坐骨神经在体扩散张量纤维束示踪的可行性研究

目的探讨1.5 T MR兔坐骨神经在体扩散张量成像(diffusion tensor imaging,DTI)纤维束示踪的可行性及优化参数。材料与方法采用400 s/mm2、1000 s/mm2、1400 s/mm2 3个不同b值对10只健康新西兰大白兔在1.5 T MR上行32方向DTI及纤维束示踪,测量并比较在不同b值下纤维束数量、平均长度、总像素、各向异性分数(FA)、表观扩散系数(ADC)、最大本征向量(λ1)、图像的信噪比(SNR)。结果 b=1000 s/mm2时神经纤维束得以较好显示,纤维束走行与兔坐骨神经解剖一致。b=1000 s/mm2时纤时维束数量、平均长度和总像素数量均高于其他两个b值,差异有统计学意义(P=0.000);3个b值下纤维束FA无显著性差异;ADC、λ1和SNR随b值的升高而下降。结论 1.5 T MR兔坐骨神经在体DTI纤维束示踪是可行的,b=1000 s/mm2时纤维束示踪图像质量最高。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.