松果体先天性囊肿的CT与MRI诊断

目的 探讨松果体先天性囊肿的CT与MRI的表现和特征。材料与方法 搜集38例松果体先天性囊肿,回顾性对照分析其CT与MRI表现。结果 38例松果体先天性囊肿均为表现为囊性病变,有完整光滑均匀的囊壁且无异常强化,囊壁信号强度变化或CT值类似于灰质;囊液为长T1长T2水样信号,CT值怀脑脊液近似。结论 MRI是诊断松果体先天性囊肿的有效方法。     

Renal calcium milk. Ultrasonic and x-ray computed tomographic aspects. Review of the literature apropos of a case]

"Milk of calcium" is a rare condition where a diversity of calcium salts are in suspension in a caliceal diverticulum or a renal cyst. This case report details the CT and ultrasound findings of a patient with milk of calcium renal cyst.     

Unusual changing CT and MR appearance of an epithelial intracranial cyst

Introduction: Epithelial cysts are infrequent intracranial lesions and may content cilia and mucosecretant cells that may be responsible for the protein concentration within the contents and the variable radiological appearance on CT and MRI. Methods and patients: We present a case of an extraaxial epithelial cyst with changing CT and MR characteristics. Results: The appearance of our cyst on CT or MRI changed with size and morphology. When CT studies showed an hypodense cyst, the lesion was large but when an hyperdense mass was present, the lesion was smaller. In the later situation MRI showed hyperintensity on T1-weighted images and hypointensity on T2-weighted images and the protein concentration of the cystic contents was high. Conclusions: We believe that a relatively high protein concentration in our cyst was the major factor for the high attenuation on CT and the hyperintensity or hypointensity on T1- and T2-weighted images, respectively. We believe than these atypical imaging findings were caused by changes in the protein concentration within the cyst.     

异位支气管囊肿的CT、MRI表现(附19例报告并文献复习)

目的探讨异位支气管囊肿的CT及MRI表现。资料与方法回顾性分析19例经手术及病理证实的异位支气管囊肿患者资料,讨论并复习其CT及MRI表现。结果椎管内8例,颈部3例,颅内3例,皮下组织2例,左侧肾上腺区、腹膜后及蝶窦内各1例。病变多为类圆形及椭圆形,偶有分叶,边界清楚,在CT像上呈较高密度影或囊性密度影,在MRI上呈长T1、长T2信号或双高信号,均无强化。异位支气管囊肿可继发感染并伴有先天畸形或肿瘤。结论异位支气管囊肿发病部位及临床表现缺乏特异性,CT及MRI有助于病变定位,明确病变性质,但要发现其支气管来源需依靠病理。     

CT and MRI in spinal meningeal cyst. Report of a case

A case of meningeal cyst of the spinal canal in the lumbosacral region is described. A CT scan showed a soft tissue mass associated with bone erosion. Myelography and computerised tomographic myelography revealed a cyst filling with contrast and thus CSF containing. The diagnosis of meningeal cyst was confirmed in a non-invasive way by MRI showing a mass with the same signal intensities as CSF on both T1 and T2 weighted images. Final characterisation of meningeal cysts in one of the three categories comprising spinal extradural meningeal cyst without spinal nerve root fibers (type I), spinal extradural meningeal cyst with spinal nerve root fibers (type II) and intradural meningeal cyst (type III) is impossible without operative inspection and histological examination.     

侧脑室脉络丛囊肿的MRI、CT诊断

目的 探讨侧脑室脉络丛囊肿的CT、MRI表现. 资料与方法 对5例经手术病理证实的侧脑室脉络丛囊肿的CT、MRI表现进行回顾性分析. 结果 囊肿位于左、右侧脑室三角区各2例,右侧脑室顶部1例,均呈不规则圆形或卵圆形,引起侧脑室局部变形、增大.CT表现囊肿与脑脊液密度相同,包膜不显示,囊肿与脑脊液不能区分;MRI显示为等或接近脑脊液信号,界限清楚,囊壁于T1WI为等信号,T2WI为低信号,增强扫描无强化. 结论 MRI能清楚地显示囊肿的形态、信号及囊壁,有较特征性的表现,对脑室脉络丛囊肿的显示明显优于CT.是诊断本病的重要手段.     

颅骨动脉瘤样骨囊肿的影像学表现

目的：探讨颅骨动脉瘤样骨囊肿的影像学表现，提高对颅骨动脉瘤样骨囊肿的认识。资料与方法：搜集经手术病理证实的4例颅骨动脉瘤样骨囊肿，全部病例均作了CT平扫与MRI检查，其中1例摄有颅骨平片，1例MR／增强扫描，1例DSA检查。结果：4例颅骨动脉瘤样骨囊肿中，1例位于左蝶骨嵴和左眶骨处，2例位于左颞骨。1例位于右额骨。CT上均表现为不同程度的膨胀性吹气球样溶骨破坏区，密度不均匀；MRI示有出血、囊变及液面，T1WI和R2WI上呈混杂信号，1例增强后示肿瘤实质和邻近脑膜强化；血管造影示血管有推移改变。结论：颅骨动脉瘤样骨囊肿的影像学表现有一定的特征性，CT与MRI相结合能提示诊断，并有助于评价周围结构。     

颈部囊性病变的多排螺旋CT和MRI影像学特征分析

目的：分析颈部囊性病变的多排螺旋CT和MRI影像学特征。方法回顾性分析41例经病理证实的颈部囊性病变的解剖部位及多排螺旋CT和MRI影像学征象。结果颈部囊性病变多形状规则,边界清晰。20例甲状舌管囊肿位于正中线舌骨水平或略偏,与甲状软骨关系密切,MRI征象为长 T1长 T2信号,信号均匀,增强扫描囊壁轻度强化;11例第二腮裂囊肿位多于胸锁乳突肌前内侧,MRI为囊性长T1长T2信号,信号均匀,囊肿内CT值为水样密度,增强扫描囊壁轻度强化;2例表皮样囊肿位于颈中线舌骨水平、颈后部,CT扫描密度均匀,增强未见明显强化;4例会厌囊肿位于会厌前间隙内,MRI影像为囊性长T1长T2信号肿块,信号均匀,CT影像为囊性薄壁低密度肿块,密度均匀;4例淋巴管瘤主要位于颈后三角区,MRI肿块呈等T1长T2信号,内部可见分隔,囊腔大小不等,增强扫描其分隔可见强化。结论颈部不同囊性病变的解剖位置和影像学征象有一定的特点,经过综合分析,可以做出正确诊断。     

CT和MRI对颅内表皮样囊肿诊断价值的评价

目的：评估CT和MRI对颅内表皮样囊肿的诊断价值，分析误诊原因，提高诊断水平。方法：44例经手术和病理证实的颅内表皮样囊肿，术前全部行常规MRI检查，其中19例行Gd-DTPA增强MRI检查；17例作CT平扫，其中12例作静脉注射增强CT检查。结果：颅内表皮样囊肿多位于桥小脑角池，本组病例中占34．9％(15／4例)；肿瘤多呈不规则形态，占70．45％(31／44例)；CT平扫多呈均匀低密度，占70．59％(12/17例)，造影后多无强化，占91．71％(11／12例)；MRT1加权像上多呈均匀低信号，但略高于脑脊液，T2加权像上多呈均匀高信号，占61．36％(27／44例)，Gd-DTPA增强后多无强化，占84．21％(16／19例)。肿瘤周围的脑组织均无水肿，占100％，肿瘤较大时可以挤压、推移周围脑组织或脑室结构，引起比较明显的占位效应，占70．45％(31／44例)；肿瘤较大时，很少引起阻塞性脑积水。结论：颅内表皮样囊肿在CT和MRI像上有特征性表现，MRI无论在定位和定性诊断上优于CT，Gd-DTPA的应用有助于颅内囊性占位的诊断与鉴别诊断。     

Nuclear magnetic resonance detection of a mediastinal bronchogenic cyst

A case of mediastinal bronchogenic cyst is discussed. CT showed high absorption values, while in MRI very short T1 values were found. The reasons for these findings are discussed.     

颅内神经上皮性囊肿的CT及MRI诊断(附13例报告)

目的 提高ＣＴ、ＭＲＩ对颅内神经上皮性囊肿的诊断水平。方法 １３例经ＣＴ及ＭＲＩ检查,并经手术光学显微镜配合免疫组织化学（简称免疫组化）检查证实。结果 ＣＴ及ＭＲＩ显示囊肿位于第３脑室前上部３例,第４脑室４例,桥小脑角２例,侧脑室三角区１例,额叶与侧脑室前角１例,鞍区、小脑蚓部各１例。ＣＴ显示囊性低密度１１例,等密度（脑组织密度）、高密度（高于脑组织密度）各１例,ＭＲＩ检测（５例）Ｔ１ＷＩ呈低信号     

CT and MRI findings in cerebral hydatid disease

Cerebal hydatid cysts account for 2% of all intracranial masses. Preoperative diagnosis is important since cyst rupture and spillage may cause an anaphylactic reaction. CT is the primary modality for the diagnosis. Two forms of cerebral hydatid cysts have been reported on the basis of CT appearances: unilocular and multilocular. Demostration of the cyst wall is important for the diagnosis. MRI is superior to CT for demostrating the cyst capsule and perifocal oedema. We retrospectively reviewed the CT and MRI findings of 6 surgically proven cases of cerebal hydatid cyst and compared the two modalities on the basis of their demonstration of findings helpful in the diagnosis, such as the capsule and perifocal oedema. In 1 case CT showed the capsule. In 2 cases MRI showed a hypointense capsule around the cyst on T2-weighted images. While CT is the modality of choice, in clinical practice MRI is superior for demonstrating the cys capsule, which is a helpful findings in the diagnosis and can be used in inconculsive cases. Correspondence to: U. Topal     

颅底骨源性肿瘤的CT、MRI影像诊断

目的：分析颅底骨源性肿瘤的 Ｃ Ｔ 、 Ｍ Ｒ Ｉ 表现并与病理对照,探讨 Ｃ Ｔ 和 Ｍ Ｒ Ｉ 对该类疾病的诊断价值与限度。方法： 收集了经手术和病理证实的颅底骨源性肿瘤２３ 例（ 软骨肉瘤５ 例、软骨瘤２ 例、转移瘤３ 例、脊索瘤８ 例、骨巨细胞瘤２ 例、动脉瘤样骨囊肿１ 例、骨化性纤维瘤２ 例） ,全部病例均行 Ｃ Ｔ 和 Ｍ Ｒ Ｉ 检查（ 其中１１ 例行增强 Ｍ Ｒ Ｉ 检查,７ 例行增强 Ｃ Ｔ 检查） 。结果：大部分肿瘤边界清晰, Ｍ Ｒ Ｉ Ｔ１ Ｗ Ｉ 呈低或等信号, Ｔ２ Ｗ Ｉ 呈不均匀高信号,且 Ｔ１ Ｗ Ｉ 低信号区在 Ｔ２ Ｗ Ｉ 上随回波时间延长信号仍呈低信号而提示钙化。 Ｃ Ｔ 上显示不同程度骨质破坏及钙化。 Ｍ Ｒ Ｉ 显示斜坡、岩骨破坏较敏感。结论： Ｃ Ｔ 能准确显示骨质破坏情况及钙化程度, Ｍ Ｒ Ｉ 在显示病变的范围方面要优于 Ｃ Ｔ ,两者相结合是诊断颅底骨源性肿瘤的最佳影像学检查方法。     

不典型肾囊肿的影像诊断与鉴别(附9例分析)

目的　探讨不典型肾囊肿的CT、超声、X线特点及诊断价值。方法　回顾分析 9例经手术病理证实的不典型肾囊肿的CT、超声和X线表现。结果　CT及超声对不典型肾囊肿的诊断准确性高 ,9例不典型肾囊肿中 ,出血性肾囊肿 3例 ,钙化性肾囊肿 2例 ,分隔性肾囊肿 3例 ,钙乳性肾囊肿 1例。CT和超声能较好地显示它们的形态和特征。结论　CT和超声对不典型肾囊肿具有较高的诊断价值 ,但对出血性肾囊肿与囊液混浊的囊性肾癌鉴别困难 ,应行超声引导下穿刺活检     

颅内表皮样囊肿的CT和MRI诊断

评估颅内表皮样囊肿的ＣＴ和ＭＲＩ表现。材料和方法：４７例经手术和病理证实的表皮样囊肿中,１０例行ＣＴ平扫和增强,其中９例同时行ＭＲＩ检查;另有３７例作常规ＭＲＩ检查,其中１３例还加作ＦＬＡＩＲ序列,１０例行增强扫描。结果：肿瘤闰于桥小脑角２５例,鞍区及鞍旁８例,颅中窝底６例,脑内３例,松果体区２例,第四脑室内２例,小脑天幕处１例。４７例中不规则形３０例,圆形或类圆形１７例。ＣＲＴ平扫表现为均匀低密     

骶骨肿瘤CT与MRI诊断

目的　了解骶骨肿瘤的CT和MRI表现特征。方法　分析 69例骶骨肿瘤的CT和MRI表现 ,包括动脉瘤样骨囊肿(ABC)、骨母细胞瘤、骨肉瘤各 1例 ,骨髓瘤 2例 ,淋巴瘤 3例 ,骨巨细胞瘤 5例 ,脊索瘤 2 3例 ,转移瘤 33例。结果　骨巨细胞瘤位于椎体和前部附件 ,呈溶骨性破坏 ;ABC位于后部附件 ,MRI有液 -液平面 ;骨母细胞瘤和骨肉瘤CT呈骨性密度 ,MRI信号较低 ,后者伴软组织肿块 ;2 2例脊索瘤伴骶前包块 ,1 1 / 1 6例CT上出现钙化 ,9例在T2 WI有条状低信号纤维结构和高信号粘液基质。骨髓瘤 (1例 )、淋巴瘤和转移瘤在T1 WI和T2 WI分别呈略低信号和较高信号 ,1例骨髓瘤在T2 WI呈较高信号。结论　CT和MRI可清楚地显示肿瘤的部位和范围 ,两者结合 ,多数肿瘤可以定性     

MRI findings of hepatic alveolar echinococcosis

Diagnosis of liver infestation by alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is based on serologic, sonographic and computed tomography (CT) findings. Experience with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrates that features of this disease are limited. CT and MRI findings of 14 cases with hepatic AE were compared in this report. We have described the MRI appearance of hepatic AE, which exhibits variable signal intensities on T1- and T2-weighted images. Fibrous and parasitic tissue showed low signal both on T1- and, generally, on T2-weighted images. In a few cases, a high signal on T2-weighted images may be observed, due either to central necrotic zones or to small peripheral cyst. MRI than by CT was more easily identified central necrosis. However, MRI seemed to be less effective than CT in allowing us to reach a positive diagnosis, due to its inability to show microcalcifications. In addition, MRI may not reveal small lesions. In most cases, T1-weighted images revealed more clearly than CT did the margins of the lesions and the hepatic extension, especially to hepatic veins, vena cava and perihepatic spaces.     

脊柱动脉瘤样骨囊肿的CT、MRI诊断

目的：分析脊柱动脉瘤样骨囊肿的CT、MRI表现,提高对该病的CT、MRI诊断和鉴别诊断。方法：回顾性分析经临床病理证实的12例脊柱动脉瘤样骨囊肿的CT、MRI表现。结果：12例脊柱动脉瘤样骨囊肿患者中颈椎3例,胸椎6例,腰椎3例;单独椎体侵犯1例,单发于椎板2例,同时累及椎体及附件者9例。CT表现局限性囊状或膨胀性骨质破坏,边界清晰,内可见分房骨嵴影,4例可见内部多发液一液平面影。MRI示膨胀性溶骨性破坏灶周围可见低信号影包绕,病灶内呈多发分房状改变,T1WI呈不均匀低／等信号;T2WI呈数个大小不等的高／等信号囊腔,10例可见不同信号强度的液一液平面影。增强扫描可见囊腔周缘明显强化,腔内出血和液体无强化。结论：脊柱动脉瘤样骨囊肿CT、MRI表现具有一定的特征性,能够做出正确诊断。     

脊柱原发性骨肿瘤CT和MRI观察

目的：了解脊柱肿瘤的CT和MRI表现特征。资料与方法：分析49例脊柱肿瘤的CT和MRI表现，包括成骨细胞瘤、骨髓瘤和骨肉瘤各2例，动脉瘤样骨囊肿（ABC）3例，血管瘤和淋巴瘤各5例，骨巨细胞瘤多位于椎体，呈溶骨性破坏；成骨细胞瘤和骨肉瘤CT呈骨性密度，MRI信号较低，后者伴软组织肿块；22例脊索瘤伴骶前包块，11／16例CT上出现钙化，9例在T2WI有条状低信号纤维结构和高信号粘液基质。骨髓瘤（1例）、淋巴瘤在T1WI和T2WI分别呈略低信号和较高信号，1例骨髓瘤在T2WI呈高信号。结论；CT和MRI可清楚地显示肿瘤的部位和范围，两者结合，多数肿瘤可以定性。     

“Honeycomb” appearance in large-duct type pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: Case report with radiologic–pathologic correlation

Large-duct type pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is a rare morphologic variant forming large duct elements. This case report, to our knowledge, is the first report of a large-duct type PDA with a “honeycomb” appearance resembling a serous cystic neoplasm (SCN) on CT and MRI. The patient is an 82-year-old woman who presented with upper abdominal pain. Dynamic contrast-enhanced CT revealed a multilocular cyst with honeycomb loculi, in which the cyst walls showed gradual enhancement. On T2-weighted MRI, the mass displayed inhomogeneous hyperintensity characterized by a honeycomb appearance with irregular and thick hypointense cyst walls. The patient underwent distal pancreatectomy; histopathological diagnosis was large-duct type PDA. Although the imaging features of large-duct type PDA may resemble those of SCN, this distinction between PDA and SCN is important because the treatment options are very different.