齐拉西酮与氟哌啶醇注射液治疗急性精神分裂症对照研究

目的:评价齐拉西酮注射液治疗急性精神分裂症的疗效和安全性. 方法:将120例精神分裂症患者随机分为齐拉西酮组和氟哌啶醇组,进行随机单盲对照研究.疗程3 d.采用简明精神病评定量表(BPRS)、Bech-Rafaelsen躁狂量表(BRMS)、治疗中出现的症状量表(TESS)及锥体外系反应量表(RSESE)分别评定疗效和不良反应. 结果:治疗后两组BPRS及BRMS评分均显著降低,两组间减分率及显效率的差异均无统计学意义.齐拉西酮组不良反应发生率明显低于氟哌啶醇组(P＜0.01). 结论:齐拉西酮注射液对急性精神分裂症治疗效果与氟哌啶醇注射液相当,而不良反应少于氟哌啶醇.     

奥氮平合用氯硝西泮治疗精神分裂症急性精神运动性兴奋的研究

目的：观察奥氮平合并氯硝西泮治疗精神分裂症急性精神运动性兴奋的疗效与不良反应。方法：65例精神分裂症急性期兴奋患者,随机分为口服奥氮平合并肌内注射氯硝西泮组（奥氮平组）34例和肌内注射氟哌啶醇组（氟哌啶醇组）31例治疗,疗程7 d。以阳性与阴性症状量表兴奋激越项目（PANSS-EC）和治疗中出现的症状量表（TESS）评定疗效和不良反应。结果：奥氮平组与氟哌啶醇组疗效相当,差异无显著性（P〉0.05）。两组急性兴奋症状均获明显改善,氟哌啶醇组不良反应发生率高于奥氮平组（P〈0.05）。结论：奥氮平合并氯硝西泮可有效治疗精神分裂症患者急性期精神运动性兴奋,疗效与氟哌啶醇相当,不良反应明显少于氟哌啶醇。     

齐拉西酮注射液治疗精神分裂症急性期对照研究的Meta分析

目的探讨齐拉西酮注射液与氟哌啶醇治疗精神分裂症急性期的疗效。方法用Meta分析对6项齐拉西酮注射液与氟哌啶醇治疗精神分裂症急性期对照研究的文章进行再分析,并评价其合并效应量大小和综合显著性检验。结果齐拉西酮注射液治疗前后的自身对照,合并效应量d=2.14,95%CI（1.90,2.39）,综合显著性检验χ2=17.07,P〈0.01,提示齐拉西酮注射液治疗精神分裂症急性期前后症状学变化有非常显著性差异,效应极强。齐拉西酮注射液与氟哌啶醇在第24小时末和治疗72小时后的组间比较,分别为y合并=-0.10,95%CI（-0.77,0.57）,χ2=0.29,P〉0.05;y合并=-0.17,95%CI（-0.71,0.37）,χ2=0.62,P〉0.05,差异无统计学意义,提示两组疗效相当。结论齐拉西酮注射液与氟哌啶醇疗效相当。     

齐拉西酮注射液与氟哌啶醇注射液治疗精神分裂症急性激越症状的对比研究

目的验证甲磺酸齐拉西酮注射液治疗精神分裂症急性激越症状的临床疗效和安全性。方法将64例具有急性激越症状的精神分裂症患者随机分为齐拉西酮组（研究组,32例）和氟哌啶醇组（对照组,32例）,进行开放式临床对照研究,患者入组后即给予臀大肌深部注射齐拉西酮注射液10mg或氟哌定醇注射液5~10mg,6~8小时后可重复使用;甲磺酸齐拉西酮和氟哌啶醇每日总量均不超过30mg,每日注射不超过3次,疗程3天。采用阳性和阴性症状量表（PANSS）、阳性与阴性症状量表兴奋因子（PANSS-EC）、临床总体印象量表（CGI）评分评价疗效;采用药物不良反应量表（TESS）、锥体外系副反应量表（SAS）评价副反应。结果治疗72小时后,齐拉西酮组和氟哌啶醇组的PANSS-EC总分均明显减低,齐拉西酮组PANSS-EC减分率为（47.79±12.94）%,氟哌啶醇组为（47.79±11.49）%,差异无统计学意义（t=0.063,P〉0.05）。齐拉西酮组临床总有效率为46.9%;氟哌啶醇组为40.6%,差异无统计学意义（χ2=0.063,P〉0.05）。齐拉西酮组不良反应发生率为28.1%,氟哌啶醇组65.6%,差异有统计学意义（χ2=9.035,P〉0.05）。结论甲磺酸齐拉西酮治疗精神分裂症的急性激越症状疗效明显,耐受性良好。     

利培酮合并氯硝西泮治疗急性期精神分裂症的对照研究

目的 评估利培酮合并氯硝西泮治疗急性期精神分裂症的疗效和不良反应.方法 将符合精神分裂症CCMD-3诊断标准的64例精神分裂症患者随机分为两组,分别以利培酮合并氯硝西泮治疗或氟哌啶醇单独治疗,疗程28 d.以阳性与阴性症状量表（PANSS）评估疗效,以副反应量表（TESS）评估不良反应.结果 利培酮合并氯硝西泮组治疗急性期精神分裂症与氟哌啶醇组相比总体疗效相当,利培酮合并氯硝西泮组PANSS兴奋激越因子减分在第1周末（P＜0.05）优于氟哌啶醇组.利培酮合并氯硝西泮组不良反应小.结论 利培酮合并氯硝西泮治疗急性期精神分裂症疗效肯定,起效较快,不良反应小.     

奎硫平与氟哌啶醇治疗精神分裂症兴奋激越症状的对照研究

目的 比较奎硫平与典型抗精神病药氟哌啶醇治疗精神分裂症病人伴有兴奋激越的疗效与不良反应。方法 符合CCMD-3诊断标准的精神分裂症住院患者,采用随机对照、开放性研究治疗21天。以阳性与阴性症状量表（PANSS）评估疗效,以副反应量表（TESS）评估不良反应。统计学检验采用t检验和非参数检验。结果 奎硫平组40例,氟哌啶醇组30例。1．奎硫平与氟哌啶醇的总体疗效（t=1．815）、兴奋症状的控制（t=0．478）效果相当（P〉0．05）。2．不良反应方面：氟哌啶醇引起的椎体外系不良反应如肌强直、静坐不能较奎硫平高。结论 奎硫平合并氯硝西泮对精神分裂症兴奋症状的疗效与典型抗精神病药物氟哌啶醇相当,不良反应较小。     

齐拉西酮注射剂与氟哌啶醇注射剂治疗精神分裂症急性期患者的对照研究

目的比较齐拉西酮注射剂与氟哌啶醇注射剂治疗精神分裂症急性期的疗效与副作用。方法选用齐拉西酮注射剂与氟哌啶醇注射剂,将75例患者分至齐拉西酮组（n=38）和氟哌啶醇组（n=37）,进行为期5天的治疗。两组分别完成34例和33例。在治疗前及治疗后采用阳性与阴性综合征量表（PANSS）、修改版外显攻击行为量表（MOAS）、临床总体印度量表（CG I）、不良反应量表（TESS）评定疗效及药物不良反应。治疗前进行基线心电图测定,与治疗后QTc间期比较。结果齐拉西酮组和氟哌啶醇组治疗前后PANSS阳性症状量表因子分、MOAS加权总分减分率相当;CG I评分达到好转与以上者分别为25例（73.5%）、26例（78.8%）;齐拉西酮组不良反应主要为失眠10例（29.4%）,QTc间期延长3例（7.9%）,心律失常2例（5.3%）。氟哌啶醇组不良反应主要为锥体外系反应16例（48.5%）,无QTc间期延长者。结论齐拉西酮注射剂与氟哌啶醇注射剂对治疗精神分裂症急性期患者的疗效相当,但应高度重视齐拉西酮对心脏不良反应,特别是心律失常及QTc间期的延长。     

齐拉西酮注射液治疗精神分裂症急性兴奋临床研究

目的观察齐拉西酮注射液治疗精神分裂症患者急性兴奋的疗效和安全性。方法将急性精神分裂症兴奋患者71例分为两组,治疗组36例予齐拉西酮肌内注射,对照组35例予氟哌啶醇肌内注射,患者入组后即给予齐拉西酮注射液10mg或氟哌啶醇注射液5-10mg肌内注射,4-6h后可重复使用,齐拉西酮及氟哌啶醇每日总量均不超过40mg/d,观察疗程均为3天。采用阳性和阴性症状量表（PANSS）中兴奋因子（PANSS-EC）的变化评定临床疗效,副反应量表（TESS）评定不良反应。于治疗前、治疗第2、6、24、48、72小时分别评定PANSS-EC,副反应量表（TESS）,治疗前及治疗结束时分别评定血、尿、生化常规及心电图。结果治疗72小时,齐拉西酮组的PANSS-EC总分明显降低,PANSS-EC减分率为（71±27）%,临床总有效率为52.7%;氟哌啶醇组的PANSS-EC减分率为（67±24）%,临床总有效率为45.7%,两组的差异均无统计学意义（P均〉0.05）;齐拉西酮组总的不良反应发生率41.7%,氟哌啶醇组为54.3%,两组的差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;齐拉西酮组的心脏不良反应发生率19.4%,氟哌啶醇组为14.3%,两组的差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;氟哌啶醇组的锥体外系的发生率明显高于齐拉西酮组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论齐拉西酮注射液治疗精神分裂症急性兴奋疗效肯定,安全性高。     

利培酮口服液合并氯硝西泮治疗精神分裂症急性兴奋的临床研究

目的研究利培酮口服液合并氯硝西泮治疗精神分裂症患者急性兴奋的疗效和安全性。方法将精神分裂症急性兴奋患者87例随机分为两组,治疗组44例予利培酮口服液合并氯硝西泮肌内注射;对照组43例予氟哌啶醇肌内注射,疗程均为7天。采用阳性症状和阴性症状量表（PANSS）评定临床疗效,副作用量表（TESS）评定不良反应。结果治疗7天的疗效相当（P〉0．05）,治疗组不良反应的发生率明显低于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论利培酮口服液合并氯硝西泮治疗精神分裂症急性兴奋疗效肯定,安全性优于氟哌啶醇。     

利培酮合并氯硝西泮治疗精神分裂症急性兴奋的研究

目的 与氯氮平和氟哌啶醇相对照,观察利培酮合并氯硝西泮治疗精神分裂症急性兴奋的疗效及不良反应特点。方法 254例精神分裂症急性期中度兴奋患者,随机分为口服利培酮合并肌内注射氯硝西泮组(88例,以下简称利培酮组)、口服氯氮平组(84例,氯氮平组)和肌内注射氟哌啶醇组(82例,氟哌啶醇组)治疗,疗程均为7 d。治疗期间每日评估阳性和阴性症状量表(PANSS)兴奋因子(PANSS-EC)和治疗中需处理的不良反应量表。结果 利培酮组的疗效与氯氮平组、氟哌啶醇组比较,经重复测量分析显示PANSS-EC分,差异无显著性(F=1.65,P=0.194)。3组精神分裂症患者的急性兴奋症状均获明显改善(各组组内治疗前后比较,F=415.35,P<0.01)。氟哌啶醇组锥体外系副反应发生率高于利培酮组和氯氮平组(P<0.01);氯氮平组嗜睡、便秘、流涎和心动过速的发生率高于利培酮组和氟哌啶醇组(P<0.05-0.01)。结论 利培酮合并氯硝西泮可有效治疗精神分裂症急性期中度兴奋患者,疗效与氯氮平和氟哌啶醇的疗效相当;安全性优于氯氮平和氟哌啶醇。     

利培酮口服液合用氯硝西泮与氟哌啶醇针剂肌内注射治疗精神分裂症急性激越症状疗效和安全性的研究

目的 比较利培酮口服液合用氯硝西泮与氟哌啶醇针剂肌内注射(以下简称肌注)对精神分裂症急性激越症状的疗效和安全性,以及由氟哌啶醇肌注换利培酮口服(以下简称换药组)对急性期疗效的影响.方法 205例伴有急性激越症状的精神分裂症患者按随机数字表方法分为利培酮口服液组(104例)和氟哌啶醇肌注组(101例).研究分为急性激越症状疗效评价(治疗前5 d)和换药后急性期疗效评估(治疗6周)2个阶段.以阳性和阴性症状量表兴奋因子(PANSS-EC)及阳性和阴性症状量表(PANSS)总分作为主要疗效评价指标.安全性评估采用锥体外系副反应量表(Simpson-Angus Rating Scale,SAS)和静坐不能评定量表(Barnes Akathisia Scale,BAS)评定锥体外系症状、记录不良事件和实验室检查.结果 治疗前5 d利培酮口服液组和氟哌啶醇肌注组的急性激越症状都有明显改善(P＜0.01),2组间疗效差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);利培酮口服液组合作程度好于氟哌啶醇肌注组(P＜0.05),锥体外系不良反应低于氟哌啶醇肌注组(P＜0.05).由氟哌啶醇肌注换利培酮口服后,治疗6周末口服组和换药组疗效及总体不良事件发生率比较差异均无统计学意义(P均＞0.05),但锥体外系不良反应换药组高于口服组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 利培酮口服液合用氯硝西泮口服治疗精神分裂症急性激越症状与氟哌啶醇肌注疗效相当,但利培酮口服液合作程度好,锥体外系不良反应发生率低.由氟哌啶醇肌注换利培酮口服对急性期疗效无明显影响.     

氟哌啶醇治疗精神分裂症的增效作用

目的:评价奎硫平合并氟哌啶醇治疗精神分裂症的疗效与不良反应。方法:对110例单纯口服奎硫平的精神分裂症患者疗效不佳者合并氟哌啶醇治疗12周。用阳性症状和阴性症状量表(PANSS)评定疗效,用UKU不良反应评定量表评定不良反应。结果:治疗12周末PANSS量表总分及各分量表评分较治疗前均有显著下降(P<0.05或P<0.01);有效率达71.82%;不良反应无明显增加(P>0.05)。结论:奎硫平合并氟哌啶醇治疗精神分裂症疗效肯定,不良反应较轻。     

Beneficial effects of ondansetron as an adjunct to haloperidol for chronic, treatment-resistant schizophrenia: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study

BACKGROUND: Previous studies suggest that the serotonin-3 (5-HT3) receptor antagonist ondansetron possesses the therapeutic potential for schizophrenia. This study was designed to determine whether ondansetron as an adjunct to haloperidol could enhance the clinical efficacy and reduce the adverse side effects in chronic treatment-resistant schizophrenia. METHODS: Under double-blind, randomized conditions, 121 treatment-resistant inpatients with chronic DSM-IV-diagnosed schizophrenia received haloperidol (4-30 mg/day) combined with either placebo (N=63) or a fixed dose of 8 mg/day of ondansetron (N=58) for 12 weeks. Efficacy was defined as the change from baseline to endpoint in score on overall scale and subscales of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S). Side effects were evaluated using the Treatment Emergent Symptom Scale and Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale. RESULTS: Ondansetron combined with haloperidol produced a significantly greater improvement on PANSS overall scale and subscales for negative symptoms, general psychopathology, and cognition at endpoint compared to placebo with haloperidol, but no between-treatment group difference was observed on the subscale for positive symptoms and CGI-S. The ondansetron-treated group had a significantly higher proportion of patients with a 30% or greater baseline-to-endpoint reduction in PANSS total score than placebo. Patients in adjunctive ondansetron therapy also experienced significantly lower incidence and severity of parkinsonism and akathisia as well as fewer behavioral hyperactivity, cardiac, and gastrointestinal side effects. CONCLUSIONS: Ondansetron is an effective adjunctive agent in enhancing the effectiveness and reducing some adverse side effects of antipsychotic therapy for chronic, treatment-resistant schizophrenia, particularly for negative and cognitive symptoms.     

奥氮平快速镇静疗法与氟哌啶醇肌注治疗急性躁狂发作的对照研究

目的比较奥氮平快速镇静疗法和氟哌啶醇肌注对急性躁狂发作的疗效和安全性。方法52例伴有激越行为的急性躁狂患者,随机分成两组,奥氮平组26例、氟哌啶醇组26例,分别在治疗前、治疗后12h、72h、1周及2周末采用阳性症状与阴性症状量表(PANSS)的兴奋因子分评定疗效,治疗时出现的症状量表(TESS)评定不良反应。结果两组治疗后12h、72h、1周及2周末的PANSS兴奋因子分均较前明显下降,两组对兴奋激越症状均能快速起效,两组疗效相当,各时点两组间比较无显著性差异,但氟哌啶醇组在各时点TESS总分显著高于奥氮平组。结论奥氮平快速镇静疗法和氟哌啶醇肌注治疗对急性躁狂发作患者的兴奋激越症状均有很好疗效,两组疗效大致相当,但前者在安全性方面更有优势。     

Anticonvulsants as adjuncts for the neuroleptic treatment of schizophrenic psychoses: a clinical study with beclamide

A recent study showed an adjuvant effect of carbamazepine in the neuroleptic treatment of acute schizophrenic psychoses. Since beclamide (beta-chlorpropionamide) was reported to reduce the neuroleptic doses required, the combination haloperidol-beclamide was tested using a double-blind, placebo-controlled study in 23 inpatients with an acute schizophrenic psychosis. In both groups patients received haloperidol and either beclamide or placebo. Every 7 d the treating psychiatrist could increase the haloperidol dose by 3 mg per day if clinically necessary. Chlorprothixene and biperiden were on hand as additional medication. After 28 d beclamide or placebo were discontinued under a constant dose of haloperidol and a final rating with the Inpatient Multidimensional Rating Scale, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, and Extrapyramidal Symptom Scale was carried out. Without reaching statistical significance, the beclamide group needed a lower dose of neuroleptic medication, showed fewer side effects and a more pronounced psychopathological improvement.     

Adverse effects of risperidone and haloperidol treatment in schizophrenia

PURPOSE: Side effects of pharmacological treatment in schizophrenia continue to be a major issue in spite of the development of new antipsychotics. The aim of this study is to explore the adverse effects of conventional and atypical antipsychotic drugs and their associated factors. METHODS: Over 3 months, 41 patients with schizophrenia were randomized to treatment with risperidone 1-12 mg (n=21) or haloperidol 2-20 mg (n=20) daily. Efficacy was assessed by improvement of psychotic symptoms, measured on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). The safety and tolerability were assessed with the Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale, the UKU Side-Effect Rating Scale and clinical laboratory assessments. RESULTS: Each treatment reduced psychotic symptoms. PANSS total scores, positive scores, and general psychopathology scores declined as trial went on without significant differences between the two groups. While PANSS negative scores improved better in the risperidone group than in the haloperidol group. The tolerability of antipsychotics was statistical significantly better in the risperidone than in the haloperidol-treated patients. The most frequent adverse effects for both groups were tremor and rigidity. Antipsychotics, their doses, and hyperprolactinemia predict short-term extrapyramidal side effects. Serum prolactin levels could predict parkinsonism and dyskinesia severity. However, dyskinesia was best predicted by the doses of neuroleptics. The predictive factor of dystonia was the antipsychotic drug itself. After adjusting drug doses and concomitant medications, side effects could be markedly improved. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggested that risperidone was superior to haloperidol in improving negative symptoms and better tolerated during the 12 weeks' treatment of schizophrenia. Serum prolactin levels could predict the severity of parkinsonism and dyskinesia.