以家庭为中心的健康教育方法对社区高血压患者血压和生活质量的影响

目的探讨以家庭为中心的健康教育方法对高血压患者血压和生活质量的影响。方法随机抽取新乡市某社区160例高血压患者,随机分为试验组与对照组各80例。试验组给予以家庭为中心的护理干预,对照组给予社区常规性综合健康教育,时间均为3个月。干预前、中、后测量两组血压,干预前、后用世界卫生组织生活质量(WHOQOL)-100量表测量生活质量。结果两组干预后收缩压、舒张压均明显低于干预前(P<0.05),总体生活质量明显提高(P<0.05);干预后试验组血压明显低于对照组,且随着干预时间的延长,血压逐渐趋于平稳;试验组总体生活质量以及生理、心理、社会、环境和生活信念5个得分显著高于对照组(P<0.05),但两组独立性领域得分无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论以家庭为中心的干预能使高血压患者血压稳定,并在一定程度上改善其生活质量。     

健康干预对老年高血压患者生存质量的影响

目的探讨健康干预对老年高血压患者生存质量(QOL)的影响。方法采用疾病知识传授、饮食健康教育、有氧运动、心理指导、对患者家庭干预等措施对老年高血压患者87例进行健康护理,并于健康教育前、教育后3、6个月评价健康效果,统计其干预前后总体效果、降压效果、生活方式改变及自我管理知识掌握、QOL改善情况等。结果经干预,患者在按时服药、饮食控制、加强运动方面有显著差异(均P<0.05);收缩压和舒张压均明显下降,血压控制率良好,改善不良生活方式的信心及自我管理知识的掌握程度比例均上升,QOL也明显改善(均P<0.05)。结论健康干预可提高高血压患者的认知、信念,使其获得科学、合理的治疗和管理,提高患者维护自身健康的能力,明显改善其QOL。     

社区健康教育对农村高血压患者的影响

目的探讨社区健康教育对农村高血压患者服药依从性、治疗率、血压控制率的影响。方法在我区两个自然村筛查抽取100例高血压患者,按所属社区分成教育组和对照组各50例,对教育组进行社区健康教育,对照组只进行传统的卫生宣教。结果2年后教育组对高血压相关知识知晓率、服药依从性、治疗率、血压控制率均较健康教育前有明显提高,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）,而对照组入组时与2年后比较差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,两组患者2年后高血压相关知识知晓率、服药依从性、治疗率、血压控制率比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论社区健康教育可提高农村高血压患者相关知识的知晓率、服药依从性、治疗率和血压控制率。     

高血压患者的健康教育对生活质量的影响

目的：通过健康教育增强老年高血压患者的自我保健护理意识,丰富健康知识,使其自觉采纳有利于健康的行为和生活方式,从而长期有效地控制诱发因素、降低致残率、病死率,提高生活质量。方法：对我院心内科高血压患者进行疾病知识、饮食、心理、行为、药物等方面的健康教育。结果：提高了患者医疗保健知识和自我保护能力,减少了疾病复发率,促进了患者康复。结论：健康教育是一种有效的干预手段,通过对老年高血压患者行之有效的健康教育,改变了患者的行为认识,降低心脑血管疾病的病死率,提高了患者生命质量。我院心内科115例患者病情均有效控制,康复出院。     

社区健康教育对高血压患者血压控制的影响

目的：了解健康教育对社区居民高血压患者血压控制的影响。方法：在台州市采取分层整群抽样,进行高血压普查．以普查检出的高血压患者为研究对象,随机分为对照组（512人）和健康教育组（478人,以健康教育为干预措施）,进行随机对照研究,观察两组的疗效。结果：健康教育组血压控制率显著高于对照组（x^2=10．10,P〈0．01）、舒张压降低水平显著优于对照组（μ=3．90,P〈0．01）。结论：健康教育对提高高血压患者疗效有积极意义。     

老年高血压患者的社区健康教育

我国高血压患者现已超过1亿，其中以老年人常见。高血压一经确诊，往往需终身治疗。社区中老年高血压患者聚集现象非常普遍。这类人群往往又是对高血压知识知晓率低、需求高的人群，而目前我国社区卫生服务体系尚不健全，不利于高血压的控制。对老年高血压患者进行跟踪管理，采取健康教育措施，颇为重要。     

健康教育干预对社区高血压患者的管理影响

目的 探讨健康教育干预对社区高血压患者的影响.方法 选取437例高血压患者进行健康教育,并于干预前后分别填写调查问卷.结果 干预后高血压相关知识知晓率、吸烟率、饮酒率、低脂饮食率、低盐饮食率、坚持运动率、高血压治疗率和控制率与干预前比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);干预后体质指数与干预前比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 健康教育能改变患者的生活方式,有利于高血压的预防和控制,是控制社区高血压的有效途径.     

家庭跟进健康教育对老年血液透析患者生存质量的影响

目的探讨家庭跟进健康教育对老年血液透析患者生活质量的影响。方法通辽地区血液透析的老年患者随机分为常规组(周一、周三、周五的患者)和家庭跟进健康教育组(周二、周四、周六的患者),每组30例。两组分别采用常规健康教育和家庭跟进健康教育方式进行干预,通过精神状态、自我管理行为能力和营养状态评价老年血液透析患者的生活质量,检测手段是汉密尔顿抑郁及焦虑量表(HAMD、HAMA)、肾脏生活质量量表(KDQOL-SFTM)及营养指标[血红蛋白(Hb)、白蛋白(ALB)、转铁蛋白(TF)和胰岛素样生长因子(IGF)-1]。结果干预后两组HAMD、HAMA均降低且家庭跟进健康教育组低于常规组,两组KDQOL-SFTM评分及营养状态指标均提高且家庭跟进健康教育组高于常规组(均P<0.05)。结论家庭跟进健康教育通过改善老年血液透析患者的精神状态及营养状态、提高患者自我管理能力,从而提高患者的生活质量。     

社区健康教育对高血压的影响

<正>随着生活水平的提高和生活节奏的加快,高血压发病率日益升高,目前我国高血压已经纳入了社区卫生服务管理的范畴,高血压健康教育可以帮助患者正确了解本病的发生和发展     

引导式健康教育对老年高血压患者生活质量的改善评价

目的 研究引导式健康教育对老年高血压患者生活质量的改善效果。方法 应用单双号随机分组法将2020年5月至2021年8月接收的68例老年高血压患者分为对照组和观察组,每组均有34例,对照组和观察组患者分别给予常规健康指导和引导式健康教育。对比两组患者的生活质量和自我管理能力情况。结果 观察组患者的躯体功能评分、心理功能评分、社会功能评分以及高血压特异模块评分和对照组相比较,均明显更高,其自我管理能力各项评分均高于对照组（P<0.05）。结论 引导式健康教育应用于老年高血压患者中可促进其生活质量改善,具有进一步推广应用的价值。     

徐州市社区老年高血压患者体育运动现状及生活质量分析

目的了解徐州市社区老年高血压患者体育运动及生活质量现状和分析影响因素。方法采用随机整群抽样方法,2017年7月1日至10月31日在徐州市10个社区随机抽取1500名老年人,采用问卷调查的方法进行调查,使用多元线性回归分析影响老年高血压患者生活质量的因素。调查问卷包括基本信息情况问卷、体育运动问卷和健康调查简表SF-36(the MOS item short from health survey,SF-36)。结果一共调查1500名老年人,获得1325份有效问卷,有效率为88.4%,其中高血压患者396例,非高血压患者929例。老年高血压患者的生活质量总分为(555.35±58.61)分,非高血压患者生活质量总分为(583.03±51.62)分。通过多元线性回归分析发现是否服用保健品、是否运动、居住方式、性别、年龄、受教育程度、是否饮酒等7个变量进入模型(R^2=36.9%,P<0.05)。结论影响社区老年高血压患者的生活质量是多维度的,主要是是否服用保健品、是否运动、居住方式、性别、年龄等因素。社区卫生服务人员可以采取针对性措施来提高血压患者的生活质量。     

社区综合护理改善80例壮族高血压患者生活质量的作用研究

目的观察综合护理干预对社区壮族高血压患者生活质量的影响。方法对80例壮族原发性高血压患者实施社区综合护理干预,干预前后均检测8：00、12：00、20：00三个时段的血压。比较干预前、后平均血压及生活质量的变化情况。结果综合护理干预后患者的健康感觉、躯体症状、睡眠状态、工作能力、性生活状况、认知功能、社会参与能力、生活满足感等生活质量评定指标较干预前显著改善（P〈0.01）;高血压患者的合理膳食、坚持锻炼、定期检测、遵医服药和心理平衡5项卫生行为较干预前显著改善（P〈0.01）;干预后高血压患者的平均收缩压和平均舒张压较干预前显著改善（P〈0.01）。结论社区综合护理对改善壮族原发性高血压患者的生活方式、提高其生活质量、降低其血压水平、提高其血压控制率等方面有积极的作用。     

北京城乡老年高血压患者生命质量现状

目的 了解北京城乡老年高血压患者生命质量现状.方法 对一个流行病学队列研究人群1826例老年 人进行血压测量,分为血压正常组(693例)和高血压组(1133例),进行躯体健康、认知功能、生活能力、心理健康 等相关生命质量的评估.结果 高血压组患者的生命质量低于血压正常组,在高血压组中,女性高血压患者的生命 质量较男性差,增龄增加了老年高血压患者的认知损害和躯体功能受损的风险,农村老年高血压患者的生命质量低 于城区.结论 加强对高血压和相关疾病的防治及慢性病恢复期的功能康复是提高高血压患者生命质量的基础.     

地尔硫( )对轻、中度原发性高血压患者生活质量的影响

目的 :观察地尔硫对轻、中度原发性高血压 (EH)患者生活质量的影响。方法 :应用单盲法 ,通过生活质量调查表调查 12 8例轻、中度 EH患者用药前后存在躯体症状、健康愉快感、工作表现、抑郁水平、生活满意度、业余活动及认知功能等方面的情况。结果 :患者在躯体症状、健康愉快感、工作表现、认知功能等方面均有明显改善 (P <0 .0 5～ 0 .0 1) ,而对抑郁水平、业余活动及生活满意度等方面无明显影响。结论 :地尔硫可明显改善轻、中度 EH患者的生活质量。     

家属同步健康教育对腹膜透析患者生活质量的影响

目的探讨对患者家属实施同步健康教育对腹膜透析患者生活质量的影响。方法对118例尿毒症患者按照住院先后顺序编号,单号为观察组,双号为对照组,两组患者在腹膜透析初期均给予常规健康教育,观察组在此基础上对患者家属实施同步健康教育。采用SF-36生存质量表分别于腹膜透析0月和6个月测评患者生活质量。结果规律腹膜透析6个月后观察组生活质量明显高于对照组（P〈0．01）,尤其在社会功能、情感职能和精神健康3个维度得到明显的改善,观察组复职率为24％明显高于对照组的11％（P〈0．05）。在组内比较,规律腹膜透析6个月后患者生活质量高于透析初始阶段（P〈0．05）。结论对家属实施同步健康教育能够显著提高患者生活质量及复职率,是一种可行的治疗途径。     

Influence of organized diabetic education on self-control and quality of life of patients with type 2 diabetes

The aim of the study was to evaluate dietary habits, lifestyle, and quality of life (QoL) of type 2 diabetes patients. We assumed that patients participating in post-hospital treatment and arranged program of diabetic education along with rehabilitation would in effect obtain better control of disease symptoms, use their knowledge on disease regimens and dangers in practice as well as would evaluate their QoL higher when compared to patients treated in a traditional way by a family doctor and getting only advice concerning the change of lifestyle. Participation of patients in the study was voluntary, and every enrolled patient gave his informed consent prior to entering the study. The only inclusion criteria were simple: a type 2 diabetic patient hospitalized due to complications caused by diabetes not longer than 10 days before entering the study. Exclusion criteria included previous participation in a program of post-hospital sanatorium treatment, uncontrolled diabetes, any diabetic complication requiring surgical intervention, severe cases of polyneuropathy or vegetative neuropathy, nephropathies with uremia, and circulatory insufficiency (NYHA >II). Three hundred eighteen patients with diabetes were enrolled. They were assigned to two groups: group I (n = 156)—type 2 diabetes patients assigned to a post-hospital sanatorium treatment and group II (n = 162)—type 2 diabetes patients treated after leaving hospital by family doctor. The post-hospital program of sanatorium treatment attended by group I patients lasted 21 days and included group educational classes with information on diabetes pathophysiology; genetic and environmental conditionings of diabetes; techniques of self-control of glycemia level, cholesterol, and arterial blood pressure; importance of physical activity and appropriate diet; reduction of body mass; obeying doctor’s advice; giving up smoking; and discussion of late complications resulting from incorrect treatment of type 2 diabetes. The education program of patients treated by a family doctor consisted of two 30-min meetings with a nurse-diabetology educator during which she talked to patients about the pathophysiology of diabetes, self-control, late complications, and foot care as well as of two 30-min meetings with a dietician who discussed the rules of healthy lifestyle. Organized diabetic education conducted during post-hospital sanatorium treatment positively affects lifestyle changes, self-control abilities, and at the same time assessment of QoL in type 2 diabetes patients. All type 2 diabetes patients evaluate their QoL as the lowest within the scope of physical health; this evaluation is still much lower in patients under regular family doctor’s care than in those who underwent group education in after-sanatorium treatment.

     

Co-morbidity in older patients with COPD--its impact on health service utilisation and quality of life, a community study

BACKGROUND: co-morbidity has been shown to be an important consideration in COPD with an estimated prevalence of 84%. In the Netherlands, a weak association between health-related quality of life and lung function has been found, with a closer link to co-morbidity. OBJECTIVE: to determine the influence of co-morbidity on quality of life and health service utilisation in older patients with COPD in the community. DESIGN: observational cohort study. SETTING: general practice in the North East of England that has a list size of 8300. PARTICIPANTS: 27 patients aged 70 years or above on the practice COPD register. MEASUREMENTS: data on age and sex, spirometry to confirm the diagnosis of COPD, questionnaires to assess quality of life, activities of daily living (ADLs) and co-morbidity. Health service utilisation was recorded by the number of primary and secondary care attendances in the previous year. RESULTS: 10 had mild, 12 had moderate, and 5 had severe disease. Mean age was 76 years. Quality of life (QOL), co-morbidity and health service utilisation measurements were not significantly different between COPD severity groups. There was a significant positive correlation between increasing co-morbidity and poor QOL (r = 0.45, P < 0.05), and significant negative correlation between co-morbidity and ADL scores (scored inversely), r = -0.54, P < 0.05. Significant negative correlation was found between co-morbidity and primary care attendances (r = -0.41, P < 0.05) and significant positive correlation between worsening QOL and secondary care attendances (r = 0.46, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: co-morbidity has an important part to play in COPD assessment, more accurately reflecting QOL in our population. Health service utilisation did not correlate to forced expiratory volume (FEV1)-defined COPD severity.     

Influence of organized diabetic education on self-control and quality of life of patients with type 2 diabetes

The aim of the study was to evaluate dietary habits, lifestyle, and quality of life (QoL) of type 2 diabetes patients. We assumed that patients participating in post-hospital treatment and arranged program of diabetic education along with rehabilitation would in effect obtain better control of disease symptoms, use their knowledge on disease regimens and dangers in practice as well as would evaluate their QoL higher when compared to patients treated in a traditional way by a family doctor and getting only advice concerning the change of lifestyle. Participation of patients in the study was voluntary, and every enrolled patient gave his informed consent prior to entering the study. The only inclusion criteria were simple: a type 2 diabetic patient hospitalized due to complications caused by diabetes not longer than 10 days before entering the study. Exclusion criteria included previous participation in a program of post-hospital sanatorium treatment, uncontrolled diabetes, any diabetic complication requiring surgical intervention, severe cases of polyneuropathy or vegetative neuropathy, nephropathies with uremia, and circulatory insufficiency (NYHA >II). Three hundred eighteen patients with diabetes were enrolled. They were assigned to two groups: group I (n?=?156)—type 2 diabetes patients assigned to a post-hospital sanatorium treatment and group II (n?=?162)—type 2 diabetes patients treated after leaving hospital by family doctor. The post-hospital program of sanatorium treatment attended by group I patients lasted 21 days and included group educational classes with information on diabetes pathophysiology; genetic and environmental conditionings of diabetes; techniques of self-control of glycemia level, cholesterol, and arterial blood pressure; importance of physical activity and appropriate diet; reduction of body mass; obeying doctor’s advice; giving up smoking; and discussion of late complications resulting from incorrect treatment of type 2 diabetes. The education program of patients treated by a family doctor consisted of two 30-min meetings with a nurse-diabetology educator during which she talked to patients about the pathophysiology of diabetes, self-control, late complications, and foot care as well as of two 30-min meetings with a dietician who discussed the rules of healthy lifestyle. Organized diabetic education conducted during post-hospital sanatorium treatment positively affects lifestyle changes, self-control abilities, and at the same time assessment of QoL in type 2 diabetes patients. All type 2 diabetes patients evaluate their QoL as the lowest within the scope of physical health; this evaluation is still much lower in patients under regular family doctor’s care than in those who underwent group education in after-sanatorium treatment.     

对梧州市某社区高血压人群实施健康教育的降压效果

目的：通过社区调查,并实施健康教育,探讨健康教育对高血压患者血压控制的影响。方法：对梧州市大塘街道社区居民进行系统抽样和问卷调查,以普查检出的490例高血压患者为研究对象,随机分成常规治疗组（240例）和健康教育组（250例）,对健康教育组进行健康教育并比较两组的治疗效果。结果：干预后与常规治疗组比较,健康教育组防治知识知晓率[高血压诊断值（49.17％比58.40％）,高血压危险因素（30.41％比58.00％）,高血压药物治疗（58.75％比79.60％）]和血压控制率（23.33％比60.80％）明显升高,血压[（147.68±13.97）/（89.30±12.43）mmHg 比（143.57±13.53）/（85.73±11.54）mmHg]值明显降低（P＜0.05或＜0.01）。结论：实施有针对性的健康教育,对高血压的防治有积极意义。