阿托伐他汀对家兔动脉粥样硬化模型PPARγ及MMP-9表达的影响

目的：研究阿托伐他汀对动脉粥样硬化(AS)组织中过氧化物酶体增殖激活受体γ（PPARγ）和金属蛋白酶-9（MMP-9）表达的影响。方法：将实验动物家兔分为对照组（n=8）、高脂模型组（n=8）和阿托伐他汀干预组（n=8）。高脂模型组用高脂饲料饲养16周，阿托伐他汀干预组除高脂饲养外加用阿托伐他汀；应用免疫组织化学方法观察各组主动脉粥样硬化组织中PPARγ和MMP-9的表达。结果：高脂模型组兔主动脉壁所含PPARγ的阳性标记物百分比（14.38%±2.58%）明显高于对照组（7.82%±0.96%）（P<0.01），所含MMP-9的阳性标记物百分比（17.13%±1.58%）也明显高于对照组（2.72%±0.36%）；阿托伐他汀干预组兔主动脉壁所含PPARγ的阳性标记物百分比（16.11%±2.35%）显著高于高脂模型组（P<0.01），而所含MMP-9的阳性标记物百分比（12.11%±2.05%）低于高脂模型组（P<0.01）。结论：阿托伐他汀增加动脉粥样硬化病变部位PPARγ的表达，抑制MMP-9的表达。     

何首乌蒽醌类有效成分对非酒精性脂肪性肝小鼠血清中超氧化物歧化酶、一氧化氮和肝组织三磷酸腺苷酶的影响

目的：探讨何首乌蒽醌类有效成分对非酒精性脂肪性肝小鼠模型血清中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、一氧化氮（NO）和肝组织三磷酸腺苷酶（ATP酶）活力的影响.方法：采用高脂饲料加脂肪乳剂灌胃的方法复制非酒精性脂肪肝模型.实验分组：对照组、模型组、自然消除组、何首乌蒽醌组.测定各组小鼠血清中SOD的活性和NO的含量、肝组织中ATP酶的活力.结果：模型组SOD活力低于其他三组（P＜0.01）;何首乌蒽醌组NO含量低于模型组和自然消除组（P＜0.01）;何首乌蒽醌组Na＋K＋-ATPase的活力高于模型组（P＜0.05）,Ca2＋ Mg2＋-ATPase活力何首乌蒽醌组高于模型组和自然消除组（P＜0.01）.结论：何首乌蒽醌类有效成分可清除自由基、增强肝组织ATP酶的活性,具有一定的抗氧化、抗自由基及保护肝细胞的能力.     

黄金血康治疗兔高脂血症和动脉粥样硬化的疗效研究

目的 探讨黄金血康对兔高脂血症和动脉粥样硬化（AS）的治疗作用。方法 24只新西兰兔分成正常对照组、AS模型组和黄金血康治疗组（高剂量和低剂量两组），分别喂普通饲料、高脂饲料和高脂饲料加黄金血康。高脂饲料喂养2周后，用相同方法损伤兔腹主动脉血管内皮细胞，第4周后治疗组加喂黄金血康。分别于实验前，实验第4、8、12周进行兔静脉采血后，测定血清TC、TG、HDL-C、apoAI、apoB的水平；在第12周后，取兔腹主动脉，用透射电镜观察细胞病理结构。结果用高脂饲料喂养动脉内膜受损伤的兔后，模型组与对照组相比，其血清TC、TG显著升高（P〈0．01）；治疗组与模型组相比，第8周开始兔血清TC、TG、apoB降低（P〈0．05或〈0．01），第12周后HDL—C、apoAI升高（P〈0．05）。透射电镜显示，黄金血康治疗组兔腹主动脉内皮细胞损伤和平滑肌细胞增生明显轻于模型组。结论黄金血康对高脂血症兔具有明显的降脂作用，具有抗AS形成和发展的作用。     

二苯乙烯苷对实验性大鼠动脉粥样硬化的治疗作用

目的：探讨二苯乙烯苷（TSG）对大鼠动脉粥样硬化（AS）的治疗作用。方法：采用高脂饲料喂饲和腹腔注射维生素D3建立大鼠AS模型,雄性SD大鼠随机分为6组：正常对照组、模型组、TSG低剂量组（30 mg/kg）、中剂量组（60 mg/kg）、高剂量组（120 mg/kg）和阳性对照组（辛伐他汀）。造模12周后抽样检测主动脉,以AS斑块形成为造模指标,经二苯乙烯苷治疗6周后分别检测血脂、炎症因子,用HE染色观察主动脉组织学变化,实验数据采用STATA7.0软件进行统计分析。结果：TSG高中剂量组能显著降低血浆甘油三酯（TG）、胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL-C）、IL-6、TNF-α、C反应蛋白（CRP）水平及升高高密度脂蛋白（HDL-C）水平,并呈剂量依赖性。主动脉病理观察显示,TSG给药组主动脉内皮脂质沉积较模型组少。结论：TSG对高脂饲料和维生素D3诱导的大鼠AS具有治疗作用,其机制可能与其调节血脂、抗炎作用有关。     

FAK、INTβ1在动脉粥样硬化的表达及意义

目的：观察FAK、INTβ1在动脉粥样硬化（AS）斑块中的表达,探讨其在AS形成和发展过程中所起的作用。方法：将40只健康雄性新西兰白兔随机分为三组：（1）空白对照组（正常组）8只,喂基础饲料;（2）阳性对照组（模型组）16只,高脂高胆固醇饲料喂养;（3）木耳多糖组（预防组）16只,每天每兔给高脂高胆固醇饲料＋5g木耳多糖喂养。12周末所有实验用兔麻醉处死,行主动脉粥样硬化病理形态学观察。通过HE染色、免疫组织化学染色对斑块内的病变进行定位、定量分析。结果：FAK、INTβ1在正常组呈弱阳性表达,而在模型组和预防组中血管内膜和中膜呈阳性表达。预防组与模型组对照的结果显示,FAK、INTβ1在预防组中的表达较模型组明显减少。结论：AS发生发展过程中存在FAK、INTβ1的异常表达。INTβ1-FAK信号转导通路可能在动脉粥样硬化发生发展过程中起重要作用。     

复方苦豆子对高脂血症鹌鹑的抗氧化及肝脏保护作用

目的观察复方苦豆子的抗氧化和保护肝脏作用。方法给鹌鹑喂养7周高脂饲料复制高脂血症模型,模型成功后,随机分成6组：正常对照组（喂基础饲料＋蒸馏水）;高脂模型组（喂高脂饲料。蒸馏水）;阳性对照组（喂高脂饲料＋血脂康0．4g／kg）;高剂量组（喂高脂饲料＋复方苦豆子24．4g／kg）;中剂量组（喂高脂饲料÷复方苦豆子12．2g＆g）;低剂量组（喂高脂饲料＋复方苦豆子6．1g／kg）。7周后监测血清中丙二醛（MDA）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）及肝匀浆中的SOD、MDA和胆固醇、甘油三酯指标变化,进行肝脏形态学观察。结果复方苦豆子可降低肝匀浆和血清中的MDA,升高肝匀浆和血清中的SOD,且达到血脂康作用水平,抑制脂肪肝形成。结论复方苦豆子具有一定的抗氧化作用和肝脏保护作用。     

urantide对实验性动脉粥样硬化大鼠胸主动脉损伤的影响

目的：观察urantide对动脉粥样硬化（AS）大鼠胸主动脉损伤的影响,探讨其防治AS的作用机制。方法：采用高脂饲料喂养及腹腔注射维生素D3损伤动脉内膜的方法建立大鼠AS模型,随机分为正常组、AS模型组、阳性药组及urantide组。全自动生化分析仪检测大鼠血清中的甘油三酯(TG) 、总胆固醇(TC) 、高密度脂蛋白(HDL) 、低密度脂蛋白(LDL) 和Ca²⁺的水平;胸主动脉HE染色观察各组大鼠胸主动脉形态学变化。RT-PCR方法检测大鼠胸主动脉中尾加压素Ⅱ（UⅡ）及其受体G蛋白偶联受体14（GPR14 ）mRNA的表达。结果：与正常组比较,AS模型组大鼠血清中Ca²⁺、TG、TC、HDL及LDL水平明显升高（P<0.01）;urantide组大鼠在给药后,血清中上述各项指标均随给药时间的延长呈现逐渐降低的趋势,达到或接近阳性药组大鼠的水平,与AS模型组比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）。与正常组比较,AS模型组大鼠胸主动脉出现典型AS病变;与AS模型组比较,urantide组大鼠AS病理改变逐渐减轻。与正常组比较,AS模型组大鼠UⅡ及GPR14 mRNA的表达水平增高（P<0.01）;与AS模型组比较,urantide组大鼠随给药时间的增加,UⅡ及GPR14 mRNA表达水平降低（P<0.01）。结论: urantide对AS大鼠胸主动脉损伤有一定的保护作用。     

参七粉对动脉粥样硬化家兔血脂代谢及血管内皮功能的影响

目的观察参七粉对动脉粥样硬化（AS）家兔模型血脂代谢和血管内皮功能的影响,探讨参七粉抗AS作用及可能机制。方法将40只健康新西兰家兔随机分为对照组、模型组、参七粉组和血脂康组,每组10只,分别给予普通饲料、高脂饲料、高脂饲料加参七粉、高脂饲料加血脂康饲喂。各组于实验开始及实验第8周末分别在清晨空腹由兔耳静脉采血,测血脂、血栓素B2（TXB2）、6-酮-前列环素（6-K-PGF1α）、内皮素（ET）,并于8周后处死动物取主动脉作病理形态学观察。结果与对照组比较,模型组、参七粉组和血脂康组血清血脂、血浆TXB2、ET均显著升高（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）,6-K-PGF1α/TXB2比值显著下降（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）;与模型组比较,参七粉组和血脂康组均能显著降低模型动物血脂水平（P〈0.05）和血浆TXB2、ET（P〈0.05）,改善6-K-PGF1α/TXB2比值（P〈0.05）。病理结果显示,参七粉组和血脂康组主动脉粥样硬化病变及血管内皮细胞损伤明显轻于高脂模型组。结论参七粉具有明显的抗动脉粥样硬化作用,其作用机制可能与调节脂质代谢、影响血管内皮细胞活性的活性物质生成有关。     

黑木耳多糖对兔动脉粥样硬化斑块中FAK表达的影响

目的：通过黑木耳多糖对兔动脉粥样硬化斑块中FAK的表达的影响,探讨黑木耳多糖降血脂和抗氧化以外的抗AS形成机制。方法：将40只健康雄性新西兰白兔随机分为三组：①空白对照组（正常组）8只,喂基础饲料;②阳性对照组（模型组）16只,高脂高胆固醇饲料喂养;③木耳多糖组（预防组）16只,每天每兔给高脂高胆固醇饲料＋5克木耳多糖喂养。12周末所有实验用兔麻醉处死,行主动脉粥样硬化病理形态学观察。通过HE染色、免疫组织化学染色对斑块内的病变进行定位、定量分析。结果：FAK在正常组呈弱阳性表达,而在模型组和预防组中血管内膜和中膜呈阳性表达。预防组与模型组对照的结果显示,FAK在预防组中的表达较模型组明显减少。结论：黑木耳多糖可抑制动脉粥样硬化斑块中FAK的表达,从而减少血管平滑肌细胞参与的动脉粥样硬化形成,发挥抗AS形成的作用。     

实验性兔动脉粥样硬化病变中TRAIL、DR5的表达及意义

目的：探讨肿瘤坏死因子相关细胞凋亡诱导配体(TRAIL)通过死亡受体-5（DR5）途径诱导的细胞凋亡与动脉粥样硬化（AS）的关系。方法：采用球囊拉伤腹主动脉加高胆固醇饮食的实验方法,建立兔AS模型;血管超声检查明确腹主动脉斑块的形成情况,然后取静脉血和腹主动脉组织,用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）检测AS组及正常组兔血清中可溶性TRAIL(sTRAIL)和可溶性DR5 (sDR5)的浓度,免疫组化染色检测AS组及正常组腹主动脉壁TRAIL和DR5的蛋白表达。并比较两组间各项参数的差异。结果：AS组兔血清中sDR5浓度显著高于正常组（P＜0.05）,而两组兔血清中sTRAIL浓度差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。AS组兔腹主动脉的TRAIL、DR5蛋白表达强度显著高于正常组（P＜0.05）,染色呈棕褐色,粗颗粒状,群集于中膜、脂质沉积处和斑块纤维帽处,高倍镜下,棕褐色颗粒主要分布在胞浆和胞核内;正常组兔腹主动脉内膜、中膜也有少量TRAIL、DR5表达,染色呈浅棕色,颗粒细小,分布散在。结论：TRAIL通过死亡受体途径诱导的细胞凋亡对AS的发生和发展起一定的促进作用,TRAIL及其受体DR5可能是AS的重要影响因子。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.