盐酸替罗非班在老年急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死急诊冠脉介入治疗的疗效观察

目的探讨盐酸替罗非班在老年急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死（STEMI）急诊冠脉介入治疗（PCI）的疗效及安全性。方法选择老年急性STEMI患者70例,按就诊顺序分为盐酸替罗非班组、对照组各35例。盐酸替罗非班组行PCI术前应用盐酸替罗非班[0.15μg/（kg.min）],持续泵入至术后36 h,对照组行常规PCI术。分别观察两组患者冠脉复流、出血事件及术后30 d内主要不良心脏事件（MACE）的发生情况。结果盐酸替罗非班组急诊PCI术后TIMI 3级血流发生率100%;对照组TIMI 3级血流发生率82.9%,两组比较P〈0.05;术后30 d两组MACE发生情况无明显差异;盐酸替罗非班不增加出血事件。结论老年急性STEMI急诊PCI联合应用盐酸替罗非班安全有效。     

急诊经桡动脉冠脉介入治疗急性冠脉综合征中应用替罗非班的有效性和安全性

目的评估盐酸替罗非班对急性冠脉综合征(ACS)患者急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)时防治无复流现象的作用以及安全性。方法 116例ACS患者随机分为盐酸替罗非班组和对照组,观察两组PCI术后TIMI血流级别、24 h肌钙蛋白T(CTnT)水平、24 h及30 d复合心血管终点事件发生率及出血情况。结果替罗非班组和对照组PCI术后TIMI 3级血流发生率分别为96.8%和88.9%,TIMI 0～2级血流发生率分别为3.2%和11.1%,P均<0.05。替罗非班组24 h CTnT水平较对照组降低(P<0.05),主要复合终点心血管事件发生率较对照组降低(P<0.05)。两组均无严重出血事件发生。结论盐酸替罗非班能明显降低ACS患者PCI术后无复流现象的发生,并改善无复流现象程度。     

替罗非班对急性心肌梗死经皮冠状动脉介入治疗中无复流现象的影响

目的观察血小板糖蛋白GPⅡb/Ⅲa受体拮抗剂盐酸替罗非班对ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死(STEAMI)患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)中无复流现象的影响.方法选择2006年1月至2006年12月哈尔滨医科大学第一附属医院心内科急诊入院的STEAMI患者104例,急诊冠状动脉造影结束后,按就诊顺序随机分为盐酸替罗非班组和对照组,观察两组PCI术后TIMI血流情况,24 h和1周心电图ST段回落情况2、4 h及30 d复合心血管终点事件发生率及出血情况.结果替罗非班组PCI术后TIMI 3级血流发生率92.3%,TIMI 0~2级血流发生率7.7%;对照组TIMI 3级血流发生率80.7%,TIMI 0~2级血流发生率19.3%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).替罗非班组24 h和1周心电图ST段完全回落率较对照组大(P<0.05).两组住院期间主要复合终点心血管事件发生率无显著差异(P>0.05),但替罗非班组有下降趋势.两组均无严重出血事件发生.结论急性心肌梗死直接PCI中应用盐酸替罗非班,可以改善术后梗死相关动脉无复流现象.     

替罗非班对急性心肌梗死行急诊PCI患者冠脉内血流及预后的影响

目的探讨冠状动脉内注射血小板GPⅡb/Ⅲa受体拮抗剂替罗非班对急性心肌梗死(AMI)急诊经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)治疗患者冠脉内TIMI血流的影响。方法选择AMI行PCI患者80例,分为替罗非班组和对照组各40例。比较两组术后TIMI血流级别、住院期间及治疗2个月后主要心脏不良事件(MACE)发生率及出血情况。结果替罗非班组和对照组PCI术后TIMI 3级血流发生率分别为90.0%和55.0%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。替罗非班组住院期间及治疗2个月后MACE的发生率分别为7.5%、35.0%,对照组则分别为10.0%、40.0%;两组比较差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。两组均无颅内出血等严重出血事件发生。结论替罗非班能明显改善AMI急诊PCI术后TIMI血流状况,降低AMI急诊PCI术后患者MACE发生率,且不增加出血事件。     

急性心肌梗死患者PCI术中冠脉内注射替罗非班对TIMI血流的影响

目的 分析ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死(STEMI)患者急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术中,冠脉内注射盐酸替罗非班对梗死相关血管冠脉血流(TIMI)的影响.方法 选择2006年1月至2008年12月在我院住院的STEMI患者100例,随机分为2组,均于发病12 h内行PCI术.治疗组PCI术中立即将替罗非班按10μg/kg剂量用生理盐水稀释成20 ml,冠脉内3 min注射完毕,静脉维持量0.15μg·kg-1·min-136 h.对照组PCI术中静脉负荷量0.4 μg·kg-1·min-130 min,维持量0.15 μg·kg-1·min-136 h.20 min后复查冠脉造影,评价梗死相关血管TIMI血流、术后4周并发症及主要不良心脏事件的发生情况.结果 治疗组术中冠脉内注射替罗非班,PCI术后TIMI血流Ⅱ级发生率低于对照组(7.7%比22.9%,P=0.033),TIMI血流Ⅲ级高于对照组(92.3%比75.0%,P=0.018),术后4周主要不良心脏事件的发生率低于对照组(5.8%比18.8%,P=0.046),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),出血并发症的发生与对照组差异无统计学意义(13.5%比12.5%,P=0.886).结论 STEMI患者急诊PCI术中冠脉内应用盐酸替罗非班能改善梗死相关血管的TIMI血流,减少PCI术后无复流、慢复流的发生率及术后4周主要不良心脏事件的发生率,不增加出血并发症的发生,临床应用安全有效.     

急性心肌梗死介入治疗中血栓抽吸及替罗非班联合应用疗效观察

目的探讨急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者行冠状动脉介入(PCI)治疗中应用血栓抽吸联合替罗非班冠脉内注射的临床疗效。方法随机收集因AMI行PCI治疗患者165例,其中术中应用血栓抽吸联合冠脉内推注替罗非班组86例,单纯行PCI组79例,比较两组患者术后TIMI血流改善率、ST段回落率、左室射血分数(LVEF)、心脏不良事件的发生率等指标。结果 PCI术中应用血栓抽吸联合冠脉内推注替罗非班组术后TIMI血流改善率、ST段回落率、LVEF均明显高于对照组(P均<0.05),两组均无心脏不良事件发生。结论 PCI术中应用血栓抽吸联合冠脉内推注替罗非班治疗能有效改AMI患者冠脉血流,降低无复流现象,改善急诊PCI疗效。     

盐酸替罗非班在急性心肌梗死患者急诊冠状动脉介入治疗中的有效性和安全性评价

目的:评价血小板膜糖蛋白Ⅱb/Ⅲa受体拮抗剂盐酸替罗非班在急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者急诊冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)中的有效性和安全性。方法:将106例AMI患者随机分为替罗非班组(替罗非班+直接PCI,55例)和对照组(直接PCI,51例)。比较2组患者梗死相关动脉PCI后即刻TIMI血流,术后90 min心电图ST段回落百分比(sumSTR),术后6 h、12 h肌酸激酶同工酶变化,术后1周左室射血分数,术后30 d内不良心脏事件(心绞痛、心肌梗死、死亡)及出血和血小板减少的发生率。结果:2组基础临床情况和冠状动脉造影特征无明显差异。替罗非班组梗死相关动脉PCI术后即刻TIMI血流、术后90 min sumSTR均显著高于对照组;术后30 d内不良心脏事件明显少于对照组;术后6 h、12 h肌酸激酶同工酶变化、术后1周左室射血分数与对照组相比差异无统计学意义。替罗非班组轻度出血发生率高于对照组,但未发生严重出血和血小板减少症。结论:替罗非班能明显降低AMI患者PCI后缺血事件的发生,在急诊PCI中是有效而安全的。     

替罗非班对发病6~12h急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者急诊PCI中无再流的作用

目的:探讨血小板Ⅱb/Ⅲa受体拮抗剂替罗非班对发病6~12h的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)后无再流的影响。方法:将症状发生至急诊PCI6~12h的STEMI患者随机分为替罗非班组(50例)和对照组(50例)。记录两组基础临床情况、PCI后无再流、心力衰竭、住院期间及术后180d主要心脏不良事件(MACE),包括死亡再梗死再次靶血管重建的发生率。结果:两组梗死相关动脉(IRA)PCI后TIMI3级血流发生无显著差异。与对照组相比,替罗非班组PCI前IRA TIMI 3级血流、术后梗死区心肌灌注分级(TMP)3级明显增加,无再流发生率降低(P<0.05)。心力衰竭减少27.4%,住院期间MACE发生率相似,但于术后180d降低10.85%(P<0.05)。结论:急诊PCI联合替罗非班治疗发病6~12h的STEMI患者,可进一步减少无再流发生,提高心肌灌注,并改善临床预后。     

冠脉内应用半量替罗非班在老年急性心肌梗死急诊PCI中的疗效及安全性

目的 探讨冠脉内应用半量血小板糖蛋白Ⅱb/ Ⅲa受体拮抗剂盐酸替罗非班在老年急性ST段抬高心肌梗死(STEMI)患者急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术中的效果及安全性。方法 2012.1—2015.1入院的125例行急诊PCI的老年(>70岁)STEMI患者,随机分为替罗非班组62例和对照组63例,替罗非班组冠脉内注射小剂量盐酸替罗非班(5μg/kg),继而以0.075μg/(kg.min)由微量泵持续静脉泵入24小时,对照组不予应用。对比分析两组PCI术后IRA TIMI血流分级,校正的TIMI计帧数(CTFC)及心肌灌注分级(TMP),PCI术后30d主要不良心脏事件(MACE)及出血并发症。结果 PCI术后IRA TIMI 3级比例替罗非班组高于对照组(91.94% vs 79.37 %, P<0.05),CTFC亦显示替罗非班组低于对照组(22.79±5.75vs 31.36±4.72, P<0.05);心肌灌注分级TMP2级以上的比例替罗非班组高于对照组(74.19% vs 55.56%, P<0.05);出血并发症两组无显著性差异,MACE发生率替罗非班组低于对照组(6.45% vs 19.05%, P<0.05)。结论：老年STEMI患者急诊PCI术前冠脉内应用半量盐酸替罗非班可以迅速抑制血小板聚集,增加IRA TIMI血流分级,改善心肌灌注,减少无复流发生,而且不增加出血并发症,减少了MACE事件发生。     

替罗非班对发病6～12h急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者急诊PCI中无再流的作用

目的:探讨血小板Ⅱb/Ⅲa受体拮抗剂替罗非班对发病6～12 h的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)后无再流的影响. 方法:将症状发生至急诊PCI 6～12 h的STEMI患者随机分为替罗非班组(50例)和对照组(50例).记录两组基础临床情况、PCI后无再流、心力衰竭、住院期间及术后180d主要心脏不良事件(MACE),包括死亡再梗死再次靶血管重建的发生率.结果:两组梗死相关动脉(IRA)PCI后TIMI 3级血流发生无显著差异.与对照组相比,替罗非班组PCI前IRA TIMI 3级血流、术后梗死区心肌灌注分级(TMP)3级明显增加,无再流发生率降低(P<0.05).心力衰竭减少27.4%,住院期间MACE发生率相似,但于术后180 d降低10.85%(P<0.05). 结论:急诊PCI联合替罗非班治疗发病6～12 h的STEMI患者,可进一步减少无再流发生,提高心肌灌注,并改善临床预后.     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Rate of Change of Glucose on Measurement Error of Continuous Glucose Monitors

Background

A 5-day in-patient study designed to assess the accuracy of the FreeStyle Navigator® Continuous Glucose Monitoring System revealed that the level of accuracy of the continuous sensor measurements was dependent on the rate of glucose change. When the absolute rate of change was less than 1 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (75% of the time), the median absolute relative difference (ARD) was 8.5%, with 85% of all points falling within the A zone of the Clarke error grid. When the absolute rate of change was greater than 2 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (8% of the time), the median ARD was 17.5%, with 59% of all points falling within the Clarke A zone.

Method

Numerical simulations were performed to investigate effects of the rate of change of glucose on sensor measurement error. This approach enabled physiologically relevant distributions of glucose values to be reordered to explore the effect of different glucose rate-of-change distributions on apparent sensor accuracy.

Results

The physiological lag between blood and interstitial fluid glucose levels is sufficient to account for the observed difference in sensor accuracy between periods of stable glucose and periods of rapidly changing glucose.

Conclusions

The role of physiological lag on the apparent decrease in sensor accuracy at high glucose rates of change has implications for clinical study design, regulatory review of continuous glucose sensors, and development of performance standards for this new technology. This work demonstrates the difficulty in comparing accuracy measures between different clinical studies and highlights the need for studies to include both relevant glucose distributions and relevant glucose rate-of-change distributions.     

治疗高血压药物的经济学评价

重视高血压治疗中的经济学评价,对利用我国有限的卫生资源来遏制高血压对人民群众的危害有着重要的现实意义。药物经济学对于药物治疗的成本和治疗的结果给予同样的关注。因为治疗高血压的费用,不仅涉及药物价格,还包括患者的危险水平,降压疗效和对临床终点事件的影响,以及治疗的依从性和安全性。因此药物经济学更强调整体成本和价-效比。低危病人,若非药价低廉,治疗的价-效比不够理想。而在高危的患者,价-效比越小越经济而不是药费越便宜越好。