角膜切口对白内障手术后散光的影响

目的:观察沿角膜散光陡峭轴方向做透明角膜切口行白内障超声乳化联合人工晶状体植入术后散光和视力的变化。方法:根据IOL-Master检测结果选择角膜最大屈光力轴行3.0mm透明角膜切口做白内障超声乳化术42眼作为观察组(A组),常规颞上(右眼)、鼻上(左眼)3.0mm透明角膜切口白内障超声乳化术68眼作为对照组(B组)。检测术前、术后1d;1wk;1,3mo角膜散光和视力变化。结果:A组术前、术后1d;1wk;1,3mo视力分别为0.2±0.24,0.73±0.37,0.78±0.38,0.94±0.36,0.76±0.13;B组为0.17±0.2,0.82±0.3,0.84±0.2,0.77±0.26,0.8±0.36;差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。A组术前、术后1d;1wk;1,3mo角膜散光度分别为1.01±0.10D,1.33±0.13D,1.15±0.14D,0.90±0.13D,0.89±0.12D;B组为0.95±0.13D,1.25±0.15D,1.07±0.13D,0.87±0.12D,0.82±0.11D。术后1d;1wk;1mo与术前相比散光度均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组术后3mo散光度与术前相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组术后3mo裸眼视力≥0.8者分别为21眼(50%)和32眼(47%),两者相比有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:沿陡轴透明角膜切口白内障超声乳化联合人工晶状体植入术有助于患者视力提高及减少术后角膜散光。     

透明角膜切口联合对侧单切口角膜缘松解术矫正散光的临床效果

目的动态观察透明角膜切口联合对侧单切口角膜缘松解术对角膜散光的矫正效果。方法选取就诊于我院的白内障患者共68例(76眼),患者术前散光均≥1.5D,随机分为观察组32例(36眼)和对照组36例(40眼),术中观察组在最陡散光轴行透明角膜切口联合对侧单切口角膜缘松解术;对照组在角膜最陡散光轴做成对的角膜缘松解切口,然后按照常规方法进行超声乳化手术。结果所有患者术后散光有了明显的减少,术前与术后的散光值比较,差异有统计学意义(均为P<0.05);术后裸眼视力均有明显的改善,观察组术后3个月视力>0.8的患者占61.1%,对照组占65.0%;观察组与对照组术前散光在1.5～3.0D的患者,术后1d、1周、1个月、3个月的散光值之间比较,差异无统计学意义(均为P>0.05);术前散光>3.0D患者,术后3个月观察组的散光值(1.44±0.41)D与对照组的散光值(1.05±0.36)D比较,差异有统计学意义(t=2.195,P<0.05)。结论采用最陡散光轴的透明角膜切口联合对侧单切口角膜缘松解术与成对的角膜缘松解矫正术前中、低度散光患者具有同样的临床效果,但对于术前高度散光患者后者的效果优于前者。     

选择性透明角膜切口对白内障超声乳化术后角膜散光的影响

目的:探讨根据患者术前角膜散光差异,在不同部位选择性预设散光轴透明角膜切口行白内障超声乳化联合后房型折叠式人工晶状体植入术,对术后患者角膜散光的影响。方法:收集老年性白内障患者96例112眼,随机分为三组:A组颞侧透明角膜切口,34例39眼;B组11:00位透明角膜切口,26例31眼;C组角膜曲率引导下于角膜屈光力最大轴向上行个体化高选择性透明角膜切口,36例42眼。结果:术前、术后1wk,3组裸眼视力的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);而术后1,3mo,C组裸眼视力显著优于A,B组(均P<0.05),而A组与B组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。C组在术后1,3mo的角膜散光度显著小于A,B组(P<0.05)。结论:角膜曲率引导下行位于角膜屈光力最大轴方向切口,对白内障超声乳化术后角膜散光影响最小,并有利于患者术后视力较快恢复,有效控制术后术源性角膜散光,进一步提高患者术后视力。     

白内障手术切口对角膜原有散光的影响

目的评价小切口常规白内障手术联合角膜缘松解切口矫正散光的效果。方法对角膜散光>1.00D的30例(37眼)老年性白内障患者进行研究,以散光度数≥2.00D为A组,共11例(13眼);散光度数小于2.00D为B组,共19例(24眼)。两组患者均在角膜最大屈光径线上行角膜缘切口白内障囊外摘出联合人工晶状体植入术,A组患者再在白内障手术切口对侧角膜缘处行4mm穿透性切口。检测术前、术后1周、1个月、3个月角膜散光度数和视力变化。采用SPSS17.0统计学软件进行分析。结果术后1周、1个月、3个月,A组平均视力分别为0.57±0.07、0.67±0.07、0.67±0.06,B组分别为0.52±0.07、0.56±0.06、0.59±0.06,A组术后各时间段均优于B组。A组患者术前平均散光度数为(3.06±0.89)D,术后1周、1个月、3个月平均散光度分别为(1.58±0.18)D、(1.18±0.17)D、(1.03±0.22)D,手术前后散光度数差异均有统计学意义(均为P<0.05)。B组患者术前平均散光度数为(1.69±0.17)D,术后1周、1个月、3个月平均散光度数分别为(0.67±0.04)D、(0.47±0.05)D、(0.26±0.13)D,手术前后散光度数差异有统计学意义(均为P<0.05)。术后3个月,A组患者角膜散光平均矫正量为(2.08±0.08)D,B组患者角膜散光平均矫正量为(1.42±0.02)D,A、B两组患者手术散光矫正量差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论小切口常规白内障手术联合对侧角膜缘穿透性松解切口可以更大范围地矫正术前已存在的角膜散光,提高患者裸眼视力和减少患者的不适。     

陡峭轴切口联合对侧角膜缘松解术矫正白内障合并角膜散光患者的疗效

目的 观察白内障患者行陡峭轴切口联合对侧角膜缘松解术后角膜散光和视力的变化。方法 选取2020年1月至12月在蚌埠医学院第一附属医院眼科就诊的年龄相关性白内障合并角膜散光(>1.50 D)患者29例(30眼)为研究对象,所有患者均行陡峭轴切口联合对侧角膜缘松解术,观察术前及术后1周、1个月、3个月患者的裸眼视力(UCVA)、最佳矫正视力(BCVA)及角膜散光情况,并进行统计学分析。结果 患眼术前角膜散光为(2.16±0.65)D,术后1周、1个月、3个月角膜散光分别为(0.97±0.46)D、(0.84±0.49)D、(0.87±0.47)D;术后各时间点患眼角膜散光均较术前明显降低(均为P<0.05);术后各时间点间两两相比,患眼角膜散光差异均无统计学意义(均为P>0.05)。术前UCVA为0.11±0.08,术后1周、1个月、3个月分别为0.56±0.18、0.71±0.16、0.73±0.16。术前BCVA为0.18±0.11,术后1周、1个月、3个月分别为0.67±0.15、0.82±0.11、0.83±0.09。术后各时间点患眼UCVA及BCVA均较术前明显...     

双陡峭轴透明角膜切口在白内障合并中低度数角膜散光中的应用

目的:旨在证实双陡峭轴透明角膜切口能有效降低白内障合并中低度数角膜散光患者的角膜散光和高阶像差,提高术后视觉质量。方法:收集2020-10/2021-07在我院确诊为中低度数角膜散光的白内障患者共60例,随机分成A组(常规135°切口组,30例)和B组(双陡峭轴透明角膜切口组,30例),对比术前,术后1、3mo的裸眼视力、散光、散光矢量分解、极向散光值以及角膜中央3mm以内的二阶散光、球差、彗差、三叶草等指标。结果:A组和B组术后1、3mo的裸眼视力(UCVA)均较术前明显提高(P<0.05);B组术后1、3mo的UCVA均优于A组,但无差异(P>0.05)。A组术后1、3mo的角膜散光较术前无明显变化(P>0.05),B组术后1、3mo的平均角膜散光分别为0.66±0.13、0.61±0.12D,较术前1.38±0.24D明显降低(P<0.05)。B组术后1、3mo CJ0/CJ45与术前均无明显变化(P>0.05);A组术后1、3mo CJ0/CJ45与术前均有明显变化(P<0.05)。B组术后1、3mo的极向散光值均较术前低(P<0.05...     

“T”切口矫正白内障合并角膜高度散光的临床观察

目的评价超声乳化白内障摘出术中"T"形切口矫正术前角膜散光的作用。方法年龄相关性白内障患者39例(46眼),所有患者术前角膜散光度(角膜地形图检查)均>2.00D。随机将患者分为2组:A组18例(23眼),B组21例(23眼)。A组患者行透明角膜3.0mm切口超声乳化白内障摘出联合后房型人工晶状体植入术,B组患者首先完成同A组的手术操作,然后以最陡峭子午线为中心,可调钻石刀作成对横切口,即"T"形切口。观察术后1周、1个月、3个月患者的裸眼视力、角膜散光情况及散光轴向。结果 A组患者术前平均角膜散光度数为(2.43±0.34)D,术后1周、1个月、3个月平均角膜散光度数分别为(2.53±0.31)D、(2.46±0.27)D、(2.41±0.28)D,手术前后散光度数差异均无统计学意义(均为P>0.05)。B组患者术前平均角膜散光度数为(2.44±0.45)D,术后1周、1个月、3个月平均角膜散光度数分别为(1.85±0.58)D、(1.46±0.46)D、(1.36±0.47)D,手术前后散光度数差异均有统计学意义(均为P<0.01)。术后各时间点A组与B组平均角膜散光度数比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01),B组角膜散光低于A组。两组术后各时间点手术源性散光、散光轴向构成比比较,差异均无统计学意义(均为P>0.05)。结论角膜散光>2.00D的患者在行白内障手术时联合角膜"T"切口,矫正了部分术前散光,视力恢复好,提高了患者的视觉质量。     

不同透明角膜切口对白内障超声乳化术后角膜散光影响

目的 研究不同部位、不同方式的透明角膜切口白内障超声乳化联合后房型折叠式人工晶状体植入术对角膜散光的影响.方法 回顾性临床自身对照研究.将2009年3月至12月在广州医学院第二附属医院眼科就诊的96例(112只眼)白内障患者随机分为3组:A组颞侧透明角膜切口34例(39只眼);B组11:00钟方位透明角膜切口26例(31只眼);C组角膜曲率引导下透明角膜切口(切口位于角膜最大屈光轴方向)36例(42只眼).比较3组病人术前、术后1周、1个月、3个月的视力及角膜散光度变化.结果 术前、术后1周、3组间裸眼视力的差异无统计学意义(P值均>0.05);而术后1个月和3个月C组裸眼视力显著优于A、B组(P值均<0.05),而A组与B组间的差异无统计学意义(P值均>0.05).C组在术后1个月和3个月的角膜散光度显著小于A、B组(P值<0.05).结论 角膜曲率引导下位于角膜最大屈光轴方向的切口对白内障手术术后角膜散光影响最小,并有利于术后视力较快恢复.     

角膜地形图引导下不同部位角膜切口白内障超声乳化术后角膜散光分析

目的比较角膜地形图引导下不同部位透明角膜切口白内障超声乳化术后散光情况。方法选择行透明角膜切口超声乳化白内障吸除联合人工晶状体植入术的年龄相关性白内障患者198例（231例）为研究对象,分成A、B、C 3组,A组选择在上方11点位透明角膜切口,B组选择在颞侧透明角膜切口,C组选择在角膜最大曲率子午线上透明角膜切口,分别于术前,术后1周、1个月及3个月随访,行视力及角膜地形图检查,记录并比较3组术后视力及角膜散光的变化情况。结果术后3个月时C组裸眼视力≥1.0者多于A组和B组（P〈0.05）;C组患者术后3个月与术前相比,散光度明显减小（P〈0.05）;C组分别与A组、B组相比,术后1周、1个月及3个月时的散光度均明显减小（P〈0.05）;术后3个月平均手术源性角膜散光度（SIA）,C组最小。结论角膜地形图引导下位于角膜最大曲率子午线上透明角膜切口有助于减小术前及术后散光,术后获得较好的裸眼视力。     

多焦点IOL植入联合角膜松解切口矫正白内障合并角膜散光的分析

目的:比较多焦点IOL植入联合角膜切口矫正散光与单焦点IOL植入术治疗白内障合并低度散光患者的视觉质量差异。方法:选取老年性白内障合并低度散光患者80例100眼,按随机原则分为对照组及干预组,各40例50眼。干预组行最陡角膜散光轴向上做一对透明角膜松解切口,同时按常规行透明角膜切口白内障超声乳化+多焦点IOL植入术;而对照组仅行透明角膜切口白内障超声乳化+单焦点IOL植入术。分别于术后1d;1wk;1,3mo观察两组术眼的角膜散光情况及裸眼远视力(uncorrected distance visual acuity,UCDVA),裸眼近视力(uncorrected near visual acuity,UCNVA);3mo时最佳矫正远视力(best corrected distance visual acuity,BCDVA)、最佳矫正近视力(best corrected near visual acuity,BCNVA)及最佳矫正远视力下最佳矫正近视力(distant corrected near visual acuity,DCNVA)并进行统计分析。结果:术后UCDVA和UCNVA干预组均高于对照组,而各时期角膜散光干预组均低于对照组。两组患者术后3d均有明显改善。术后1wk;1,3mo,UCDVA和UCNVA及3mo时BCDVA,BCNVA无显著差异。结论:多焦点IOL植入联合透明角膜松解切口可有效矫正白内障术前散光,提高全程视力,从而扩大多焦点IOL适用人群。     

美容性角膜覆盖术疗效观察

目的:评价美容性角膜覆盖术治疗角膜(角巩膜)葡萄肿的临床效果。方法:对22例角膜(角巩膜)葡萄肿患者进行了美容性角膜覆盖术治疗。术后对所有病例的临床效果进行了随访观察。结果:22例均治愈,残留部分视力的2例的视力术后有所改善(2例2眼从术前手动/眼前到术后指数/眼前)。22例无1例发生排斥,角膜覆盖片的颜色除第1例因缺乏经验术眼的颜色明显深于对侧正常或正常人群眼的颜色外,其它无1例褪色。结论:应用角膜覆盖术治疗角膜(角巩膜)葡萄肿22例(22眼)临床证明疗效确实、安全可靠。     

Lamellar corneal autograft for corneal perforation

BACKGROUND: Corneal perforation secondary to exteriorization of the haptic foot of the anterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL) is a rare complication in IOL surgery. CASE REPORT: A superior penetrating corneal defect developed in the right eye of a 74-year-old woman associated with exteriorization of the superior haptic of an anterior chamber IOL. METHODS: We describe the technique of repositioning and successful patching of the defect using a lamellar cornea-sclera rotational autograft. CONCLUSIONS: This technique is useful for small perforations when cornea donor tissue is not available.     

Influence of corneal astigmatism, corneal curvature and meridional differences on corneal hysteresis and corneal resistance factor

Background: This study investigated the influence of corneal astigmatism, corneal curvature and meridional differences on corneal hysteresis (CH) and the corneal resistance factor (CRF) in a group of normal Chinese persons. Methods: Ninety‐five participants were recruited and data from the eye with higher corneal astigmatism were analysed. The anterior corneal curvature was measured by corneal topography. The Goldmann‐correlated intraocular pressure (IOPg), corneal‐compensated intraocular pressure (IOPcc), CH and CRF at different meridians (default horizontal position, 10°, 20° and 30° along the superotemporal and inferonasal meridians) were obtained from an ocular response analyser. The corneal powers at these specific meridians also were calculated. Results: At the default position, the IOPg and CRF had weak correlations with corneal astigmatism, while the IOPcc and CH were not significantly correlated with corneal astigmatism. Both the IOPg and IOPcc were measured significantly higher at the default position. The CH and CRF were lower at the default position but the difference in the CRF from obliquity could not reach statistical significance. The CH was not significantly correlated with the corneal power at all meridians. The CRF correlated with the corneal power only at 30° superotemporal. Conclusion: Corneal astigmatism and head tilt did not have much effect on the measurement of CH and the CRF, both of which were lowest along the horizontal meridian. Clinically, the difference was small. The influence of corneal power on CH and the CRF was minimal.     

Anterior amorphous corneal opacity and corneal thinning

PurposeTo present the clinical features of four cases with bilateral anterior amorphous corneal opacity.MethodsA retrospective study in four patients with bilateral anterior amorphous corneal opacity was conducted. Examinations included visual acuity, keratometry, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, confocal microscopy, anterior segment optical coherence topography, and histology.ResultsThree female and one male patients (mean age, 52.3 ± 8.9 years) showed bilaterally oval, amorphous sheetlike corneal opacities with central depression and thinning. Superior limbal opacities were observed in two of these patients. The best-corrected visual acuity ranged from 20/50 to 20/400, and the mean of the keratometry was 39.81 ± 3.97 D (diopters). They had mild dry eyes. The anterior segment optical coherence topography demonstrated hyporeflective abnormalities in the anterior depressed stroma in these four patients. Confocal microscopy revealed large round cells at the epithelial layer in one patient, and amorphous opacities with some strand-shaped opacities in the anterior stroma in all four patients. The mean of the corneal endothelial cells density in the eight eyes was 1521 ± 402 cells/mm². Central corneal stromalysis occurred in three patients, and descemetocele developed in two eyes. One patient received penetrating keratoplasty and two underwent lamellar keratoplasty. The histology of the corneal specimen revealed edematous basal epithelial cells, focal collagen disorganization in the thin stroma, and wartlike excrescences in a thickened Descemet's membrane.ConclusionAnterior amorphous corneal opacity is a rare keratopathy and may be one kind of rare corneal degeneration or dystrophy. Corneal stromalysis may occur in hyporefrective amorphous opacities and progress to descemetocele.     

Macular corneal dystrophy and associated corneal thinning

Purpose

To identify the molecular genetic cause of macular corneal dystrophy (MCD) in four probands, and characterize phenotypic similarities between MCD and keratoconus.

Methods

We performed ophthalmological examination, Scheimpflug imaging (Pentacam, Oculus Inc.), histopathological examination of excised corneal buttons, and direct sequencing of the CHST6 coding region.

Results

Pentacam measurements were taken in six eyes of three probands. All showed diffuse corneal thinning with paracentral steepening of the anterior corneal surface that was graded as keratoconus by the integrated software, but without associated ectasia of the posterior corneal surface or regional thinning. Homozygous or compound heterozygous CHST6 mutations were identified in all cases, including two novel mutations, c.13C>T; p.(Arg5Cys) and c.289C>T; p.(Arg97Cys).

Discussion

Localized elevation of the anterior corneal curvature can occur in MCD in the absence of other features of keratoconus. The identification of a further two Czech probands with the compound allele c.[484C>G; 599T>G] supports the enrichment of this allele in the study population.     

角膜生物力学与光密度相关性研究

目的:探究角膜生物力学与角膜光密度的相关性。方法:前瞻性研究。选取2019-03/06在云南省第二人民医院拟行角膜屈光手术术前检查的患者为研究对象。采用Pentacam HR眼前节分析系统进行角膜光密度测量,以角膜顶点为中心,分为0~2mm、> 2~6mm、> 6~10mm直径范围3个区域,以角膜厚度分为前、中、后3层。选取Pentacam HR中角膜最薄点厚度值纳入研究。采用Corvis ST角膜生物力学分析仪测量,相关参数包括第一次压平的长度(AP1L)和速率(AP1V)、第2次压平的长度(AP2L)和速率(AP2V)、最大凹陷时顶点距离(PD)、曲率半径(HCR)和形变幅度(DA)。运用Pentacam&Corvis ST生物力学联合诊断平台软件综合分析检查结果,得出综合角膜生物力学参数(CBI)以及其它独立参数包括硬度参数(SP)、综合半径(IR)、Ambrosio相关厚度-水平方向(ARTh)、形变幅度比(DAR)。各区域光密度间差异采用方差分析,角膜生物力学各项参数与各区域光密度的相关性采用Pearson或Spearman分析。结果:不同直径范围、不同层面间光密度有差异(F=35.101,P<0.01;F=1002.897,P<0.01),CBI与独立生物力学参数中AP2L、AP2V、PD、DA、SP、IR、ARTh、DAR具有相关性(rs=-0.502,P<0.01;rs=-0.457,P=0.001;rs=0.428,P=0.002;rs=0.539,P<0.01;rs=-0.687,P<0.01;rs=0.716,P<0.01;rs=-0.728,P<0.01;rs=0.750,P<0.01)。CBI与角膜0~2mm范围内光密度呈正相关(r=0.343,P=0.015)。0~2mm范围内光密度与独立生物力学参数中AP2L、IR、ARTh、DAR有相关性(rs=-0.298,P=0.035;rs=0.368,P=0.009;rs=-0.419,P=0.002;rs=0.493,P<0.01)。结论:角膜中央区域光密度与角膜生物力学具有显著的关联,临床中可以通过光密度和生物力学对角膜健康状况进行综合评价。     

Evaluation of corneal hysteresis and corneal resistance factor after corneal cross-linking for keratoconus

Background  

To evaluate corneal hysteresis (CH) and corneal resistance factor (CRF) in keratoconic (KC) eyes before and after corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL). Furthermore, to determine potential correlations with a series of corneal and demographic factors.     

Response of corneal hysteresis and central corneal thickness following clear corneal cataract surgery

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of routine phacoemulsification in corneal viscoelastic properties determined by corneal hysteresis (CH) and central corneal thickness (CCT) and to explore the impact of phaco energy on the above parameters. Methods: Forty‐one eyes of 41 patients undergoing cataract surgery were enrolled in this prospective study. CH and CCT were measured preoperatively, 1 day and 1 week postoperatively. CCT measurement was performed using a non‐contact optical pachymeter followed by ocular response analyzer (ORA) examination. Intraoperatively ultrasound time, average phaco power and effective phaco time (EPT) were recorded. Results: Mean CH was 10.05 ± 1.86 mmHg preoperatively, 8.25 ± 1.85 mmHg 1 day and 9.12 ± 1.37 mmHg 1 week postoperatively (p < 0.001). The mean CCT was 534 ± 37.33 μm preoperatively, 592.22 ± 46.34 μm 1 day and 563.21 ± 49.84 μm 1 week postoperatively (p < 0.001). CCT and CH were statistically significantly correlated preoperatively (p = 0.01, r = 0.396). This correlation was not sustained on the first postoperative day (p = 0.094, r = 0.265) and was re‐established 1 week postoperatively (p = 0.002, r = 0.568). On the first postoperative day, the CCT increase was positively correlated with EPT (p = 0.009, r = 0.404), which was not found between CH change and EPT. Conclusion: Structural corneal alterations following cataract surgery resulted in a statistical change in CH and CCT. These two parameters responded in a different manner that clearly demarcates their different nature. On the first postoperative day, CCT increase was correlated at a statistically significant level with intraoperative EPT. This correlation was not found with CH reduction. Other factors, besides cornea oedema or phacoemulsification energy, could be responsible for this CH modification.