年龄和未闭动脉导管大小对蘑菇伞封堵器选择的影响

目的　探讨年龄及未闭动脉导管大小对蘑菇伞封堵器尺寸选择的影响及临床意义。方法　 6 2例动脉导管未闭 (PDA)的患者中 ,儿童 36例 ,年龄 (5 5± 2 7)岁 ;成人 2 6例 ,年龄 (19 7± 12 3)岁。应用X线降主动脉造影测量PDA的最小直径 (D1) ,并与最终所选择的封堵器直径 (D2 )比较 ;以彩色多普勒血流显像 (CDFI)观察残余分流情况。结果　 (1)在 6 2例患者的 6 9次封堵尝试中 (更换封堵器 7例次 ) ,即刻CDFI观察到边缘性残余分流束宽度 >2mm者 8例、≤ 2mm者 2 4例 ;中央性残余分流束 15例。在 30min内 ,中央性残余分流束均可自行消失 ,≤ 2mm的边缘性残余分流束多数可自行消失 ,>2mm的边缘性残余分流束不能自行消失。 (2 )在PDA的最小直径相同时 ,儿童组所需封堵器的尺寸比成人组平均大 1 5mm。 (3)在达到满意的封堵效果时 ,儿童组D2 =1 5 7D1+0 5 7,成人组D2 =1 6 0D1- 1 0 1。结论　传统的封堵器尺寸选择标准具有局限性 ;在用蘑菇伞封堵器封堵PDA时 ,年龄和PDA的大小对封堵器尺寸的选择具有显著影响 ;达到满意的封堵效果时 ,所选择封堵器的尺寸遵循一定的线性规律。     

经导管介入治疗婴幼儿大型动脉导管未闭临床疗效

目的 探讨应用导管介入治疗直径≥5 mm婴幼儿大型动脉导管未闭(patent ductus arteriosus,PDA)的临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析60例大型PDA(直径≥5 mm)患儿的临床资料,着重分析手术方法、临床疗效和随访结果.结果 56例PDA采用Amplatzer或国产先健动脉导管封堵器,3例采用膜部室间隔缺损封堵器,1例采用肌部室间隔缺损封堵器.封堵成功率为98.3%(59/60),术后1 d超声心动图显示15%(9/60)微量至少量残余分流,术后3月超声心动图复查未见残余分流;3例采用室间隔缺损封堵器患儿术后12月超声心动图示左肺动脉血流速度增快.结论 应用导管介入治疗直径≥5 mm婴幼儿大型PDA是安全、有效的方法.     

经导管封堵动脉导管未闭外科及介入治疗术后残余分流

目的 评价经导管封堵动脉导管未闭(PDA)外科结扎及介入治疗术后残余分流的效果.方法 1995年6月至2008年9月,42例外科结扎、1例外科结扎术后又行弹簧栓子法、3例Rashkind法及1例Sidires法介入治疗术后残余分流的PDA患者施行了经导管封堵术,其中男9例,女38例,年龄2～53岁,平均25.0±15.5岁.外科手术至介入治疗的时间为1个月～30年,其中1例曾行两次外科结扎术.第一次介入治疗至本次封堵术的时间为4年～14年.43例经股静脉途径植入封堵器,其中2例采用动静脉轨道法;2例经股动脉途径植入可控弹簧栓子.介入术后24 h～7.8年行X线胸片、心电图及超声心动图随访.结果 残余分流的PDA最窄处直径为1～10 mm,平均4.1±2.0 mm.技术成功率为95.7%(45/47).45例封堵术后10 min.主动脉弓降部造影示无残余分流40例(88.9%),微量残余分流4例(8.9%),少量残余分流1例(2.2%).术后24 h经胸超声心动图示无残余分流44例(97.8%),少量残余分流1例(2.2%),该例术后9 h发生溶血,经保守治疗1周后消失.失败2例,植入封堵器后仍有明显残余分流,收回封堵器,终止介入治疗.本组45例随访1个月～7.8年,除1例于术后4个月发生心房颤动外,余未发现封堵器移位、残余分流及细菌性心内膜炎.结论 经导管封堵动脉导管未闭外科结扎及介入治疗术后的残余分流是一种创伤小、成功率高、并发症少、住院时间短、安全有效的方法,基本可以替代外科手术.     

经导管封堵动脉导管未闭介入治疗后残余分流

目的探讨经导管封堵动脉导管未闭(PDA)介入治疗后残余分流的可行性和临床疗效。方法自1997年3月至2001年8月16例PDA介入治疗后残余分流的患者,其中男4例,女12例,平均年龄5.9±2.4岁(2～9岁),平均体重17.7±5.4kg(9～28kg),应用不同介入方法经动脉或静脉途径封堵残余分流,首次介入治疗与再次介入治疗的时间间隔平均为1.5±1.1年(1天～3.5年)。结果残余分流直径平均为2.7±0.9mm(1.2～5.0mm)。15例成功完成残余分流封堵术,1例失败,技术成功率为94%(15/16)。单纯应用Cook可控弹簧圈9例(其中双弹簧圈2例),Rashkind双面伞2例,Sidris纽扣式补片1例,Amplatzer蘑菇伞2例,同时应用Cook可控弹簧圈和Sidris纽扣式补片1例。封堵术后即刻造影,3例仍有少量残余分流,完全闭合率为80%(12/15)。平均手术时间为75.0±22.8min(45～120min),平均X线透视时间为10.4±3.9min(5～20min)。股动脉并发症1例,其余无并发症出现。封堵术后24h复查超声心动图,所有残余分流均完全闭合(100%),在平均2年随访中未出现残余分流再通、封堵器移位和左右肺动脉狭窄。结论经导管封堵PDA介入治疗后残余分流安全、疗效确切、创伤小,可作为外科手术治疗PDA介入治疗后残余分流的一种替代方法。     

国产蘑菇伞型封堵器封堵巨大动脉导管未闭的可行性研究

目的探讨采用国产蘑菇伞型封堵器经导管封堵巨大动脉导管未闭(PDA)的可行性。方法全组15例,其中男3例,女12例,年龄21±8(16～46)岁。PDA最窄处直径为16±3mm(13～22mm),均采用国产蘑菇伞型封堵器经股静脉途径对PDA进行封堵。封堵前后行主动脉弓降部造影并测定肺动脉压力。封堵成功者分别于术后1周、1个月和6个月复查超声心动图。结果15例巨大PDA选用的封堵器直径为23±4mm(18～32mm),封堵后30min主动脉弓降部造影均显示主-肺动脉水平仅有经封堵器孔眼的微量到少量残余分流。封堵后13例患者肺动脉收缩压峰值较封堵前有不同程度下降(70±29mmHgvs113±21mmHg,P<0.05,1mmHg=0.133kPa),2例因试封堵后肺动脉压力升高而放弃封堵。无一例发生严重并发症。封堵成功者术后复查超声心动图,其中11例于术后1周、1例于术后1个月残余分流消失,另1例于术后6个月时残存少量分流。结论采用国产蘑菇伞型封堵器经导管封堵巨大PDA是一种安全有效的介入治疗方法。     

应用Amplatzer封堵器经导管治疗直径≥8mm动脉导管未闭的疗效评价

目的 :应用 Amplatzer封堵器经导管治疗直径≥ 8mm的大型动脉导管未闭 （PDA）并对其疗效进行评价。方法 :全组 5 0例 ,年龄 2 6 .4± 2 3.2 （4.0～ 6 0 .0 ）岁。 PDA最窄处直径为 10 .2± 2 .3（8.0～ 15 .0 ） mm。封堵 10 m in后行侧位降主动脉造影 ,术后 1d及 1月行超声心动图检查 ,观察有无残余分流及 PDA再通。结果 :47例 PDA采用Amplatzer PDA封堵器治疗 ,2例采用 Amplatzer ASD封堵器治疗 ,1例 PDA伴有阻力性肺动脉高压未行介入治疗。术后 10 min降主动脉造影显示 ,19例存在微～少量残余分流 ,30例封堵完全无残余分流。术后 2 4h、术后 1月超声心动图未见残余分流及再通。结论 :应用 Am platzer封堵器治疗直径≥ 8mm的大型动脉导管未闭是一种安全有效的介入方法。     

改良动脉导管未闭导管封堵法可行性及安全性的初步观察

探讨在二维超声心动图(2DE)及彩色多普勒血流显像(CDFI)引导下、不需股动脉穿刺及主动脉造影的改良动脉导管未闭(PDA)导管封堵法的可行性及安全性。1.资料与方法:选择2005年1月至2005年5月住院PDA患儿27例,其中男12例,女15例,年龄4.6±2.9岁,体重13.1±5.4kg。术前超声测量的PDA最窄处直径(MDD)为5.9±1.5mm。操作步骤:按MDD的1~2倍初选Amplatzer封堵器(ADO),并行首次封堵;术中不行主动脉造影,主要以超声引导、配合X线透视进行ADO的定位、释放、更换及残余分流监测。自ADO到位后即刻起CDFI连续监测30min。穿过ADO周边与PDA…     

Amplatzer封堵器经导管治疗动脉导管未闭169例的随访结果

目的 :应用 Amplatzer封堵器经导管治疗动脉导管未闭 （PDA）术后随访。方法 :全组 16 9例。PDA最窄处直径为 4 .7± 3.8（2 .0～ 13.0 ） mm。封堵后 10 min行降主动脉造影 ,术后 2 4 h及 1,3,6月 ,1年行超声心动图检查随访。结果 :16 6例 PDA采用 Amplatzer PDA封堵器治疗 ,3例采用 Am platzer房间隔缺损封堵器治疗。 1例 PDA术中证实伴有阻力性肺动脉高压未行介入治疗。术后 10 m in降主动脉造影示 ,5 4例存在微～少量残余分流 ,114例封堵完全无残余分流。术后 2 4 h13例存在微～少量残余分流 ,余超声心动图未见残余分流及再通。 1例封堵术后 10h并发溶血 ,4 8h后行外科 PDA缝合术。术后 1月超声心动图检查 5例存在少量残余分流 ,术后 3月 4例存在少量残余分流 ,6月及 1年 3例存在少量残余分流 ,最后行 PFM弹簧圈治疗未再见残余分流。无并发症发生。结论 :应用 Am platzer封堵器治疗 PDA是一种安全有效的介入方法     

伴重度肺动脉高压的动脉导管未闭封堵器疗效观察

目的应用封堵器治疗动脉导管未闭(PDA)伴重度肺动脉高压(SPH)患者,并评价其临床疗效。方法回顾性分析22例PDA合并SPH患者,应用国产封堵器封堵PDA,观察封堵前及封堵后肺动脉压力改变,术后24h及1、3、6个月行超声心动图、胸部正侧位片检查随访。结果19例封堵成功,PDA最窄处直径6.3￣11.0(8.2±3.6)mm。术前肺动脉收缩压为81￣128(97±26)mmHg,平均压为69￣102(80±23)mmHg,封堵后30min测肺动脉收缩压为45￣78(55±19)mmHg,平均压为42￣66(49±16)mmHg,较封堵前显著降低(P<0.05),3例PDA伴SPH者术中试封堵证实为阻力性肺动脉高压而未行封堵。封堵后30min降主动脉造影示16例封堵完全,无残余分流,3例存在微量残余分流。术后24h超声心动图示1例仍存在微量残余分流,1个月后所有患者均未见残余分流,术后未见溶血、封堵器脱落、移位及左肺动脉狭窄等并发症。结论应用封堵器治疗一些PDA伴SPH的患者是一种可行的、有效的介入方法。     

房间隔缺损封堵器封堵巨大动脉导管未闭后发生机械性溶血二例

动脉导管未闭(PDA)是一种常见的先天性心脏病,经导管封堵治疗已广泛应用于临床。Amplatzer封堵器可用于封堵各种类型PDA,效果佳、创伤小、安全性高。直径≥10 mm的巨大PDA术后易发生溶血、残余分流、封堵器脱落和封堵器脱位等严重并发症[1]。常规PDA封堵器最大直径为20 mm,若需更大直径的封堵器,多选择房间隔缺损封堵器(ASO)或肌部室间隔封堵器。中南大学湘雅二医院2011年     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.