催化动力学光度法测定水中痕量铜

目的:建立催化动力学光度法测定痕量铜的新方法。方法:在pH4.2的邻苯二甲酸氢钾-氢氧化钠缓冲溶液介质中,利用铜离子催化氯酸钾和过氧化氢氧化灿烂绿的指示反应,通过测量624 nm下吸光度的改变,用催化动力学光度法测定痕量铜。结果:测定铜的线性范围为0.040~1.50μg/25 ml,检出限为8.6×10-11g/ml。对0.50μg/25 ml铜离子进行10次平行测定的相对标准偏差为3.2%。结论:该法简单,灵敏度高,选择性好,可用于水中痕量铜的测定。     

双波长催化光度法测定水和人发中痕量铁

目的:建立用双波长催化动力学光度法测定痕量铁的新方法。方法:在硫酸介质中,利用铁催化过氧化氢氧化甲基蓝和茜素红褪色反应,分别在390 nm和610 nm处测量催化体系和非催化体系的吸光度的变化,用双波长催化光度法测定痕量铁离子。结果:测定铁离子的线性范围:0.050~1.20μg/25 m l,检测限:3.2×10-11g/m l。结论:该法简单,灵敏度高,选择性好,可用于水和人发中痕量铁的测定。     

双波长双指示剂催化动力学光度法测定痕量铬(Ⅵ)

目的:建立测定痕量铬(Ⅵ)的双波长双指示剂催化动力学光度分析的新方法。方法:在稀硫酸介质中,利用痕量铬(Ⅵ)催化溴酸钾氧化甲基橙和结晶紫褪色的指示反应,通过测量510 nm和600 nm下,催化体系和非催化体系吸光度的变化,用双波长双指示剂催化动力学光度测定痕量铬。结果:测定铬的线性范围为0.0010~0.20μg/m l,检出限为1.1×10-10g/m l。结论:该法简单、灵敏度高、选择性好,可用于废水中痕量铬(Ⅵ)的测定。     

催化分光光度法测定痕量苯酚

目的:建立测定痕量苯酚的新方法。方法:基于硫酸介质中,苯酚能催化溴酸钾氧化茜素红的褪色反应,建立了催化分光光度法测定痕量苯酚的新方法。结果:方法的线性范围为0.08~1.20μg/m l,检出限0.046μg/m l。RSD为1.92%、2.24%,样品加标回收率为97.5%~104.0%。结论:该方法简便快速,常见物质干扰小,用于环境水样痕量苯酚的测定,结果满意。     

双波长双指示剂催化动力学光度法测定痕量锰

目的:建立了测定痕量锰的双波长双指示剂催化动力学光度分析的新方法。方法:在醋酸和醋酸钠介质中,利用锰催化高碘酸钾氧化亮绿和二甲基黄褪色的指示反应,通过测量430 nm和640 nm下,催化体系和非催化体系吸光度的变化,用双波长双指示剂催化动力学光度法测定痕量锰。结果:线性范围为0.15~2.2μg/25 ml,检出限为1.24×10-4μg/25 ml。结论:本方法灵敏度高,体系稳定,具有较好的选择性,可用于面粉和大米中锰的测定。     

碱性品红-溴酸钾体系催化动力学光度法测定痕量钒

目的:建立催化动力学光度法测定痕量钒的新方法。方法:在柠檬酸介质中,利用钒对溴酸钾氧化碱性品红的催化作用,在536 nm处测量催化体系和非催化体系的吸光度的变化,用催化光度法测定痕量钒。结果:测定钒的线性范围:0.00100~0.0250μg/ml,检出限为5.7×10-11g/ml。结论:该法简单,灵敏度高,选择性好,可用于食品中痕量钒的测定。     

小麦粉中吊白块检测方法的研究

目的研究催化动力学光度法测定小麦粉中吊白块的方法。方法在硫酸介质中,甲醛可灵敏地催化溴酸钾氧化中性红的退色反应。选择研究了该催化反应中多项测定条伴,参照建立了催化动力学光度法测定痕量甲醛的方法,又对产生假阳性问题的多个干扰因素进行了研究。结果甲醛含量的检测范围为(0.20~1.0)μg/25 ml;该方法的检出限为0.0400μg/25 ml,标准偏差4.45%,加标回收率为91.3%。结论催化动力学光度法测定小麦粉中痕量甲醛的方法是可行的。     

催化动力学光度法测定水中痕量铬(Ⅵ)

目的:建立了催化动力学光度法测定水样中痕量Cr(Ⅵ)的新方法。方法:在硫酸介质中,痕量Cr(Ⅵ)催化过硫酸铵氧化邻甲氧基酚显色,其化合物的最大吸收波长为513nm。结果:方法的线性范围为01016～116μg/25ml Cr(Ⅵ),检出限为5142×10-10g/ml Cr(Ⅵ),相对标准偏差(RSD)<3.27%,样品加标回收率为9716%～10111%。结论:该法用于环境水样中微量铬含量的测定快速、准确、简便。     

溴酸钾-罗丹明B体系催化动力学测定抗癌中草药中痕量硒

研究了硝酸介质中痕量硒 ( )催化溴酸钾氧化罗丹明 B的褪色反应及动力学条件 ,建立了动力学光度法测定痕量硒 ( )的新方法 ,其灵敏度为 0 .90 5μg/L,测定范围 0～ 9.6μg/L,用于测定抗癌中草药中的硒 ( ) ,获得了满意的结果     

微波消解-铬天青S分光光度法测定面制食品中铝

目的:建立微波消解-铬天青S分光光度测定面制食品中铝的方法,选择最佳测定条件,保证检测结果质量。方法:样品经微波消解处理后,三价铝离子在乙酸-乙酸钠缓冲介质中,与铬天青S及溴化十六烷基三甲胺反应形成蓝色三元络合物,用分光光度法与标准比较定量。结果:25℃时蓝色三元络合物在10~30 m in稳定,最大吸收波长638 nm,在0.5μg~9μg/25 m l之间的线性关系良好,相关系数在0.9991~0.9996之间,相对标准偏差为≤3.5%,加标回收率在95.0%~104.7%,最低检测限为0.1μg/25 m l。结论:方法精密度好、准确度高,能满足面制食品中铝含量测定的要求。     

长春新碱过量引起严重毒副反应1例的护理体会

报道1例霍奇金淋巴瘤患者因误用长春新碱（VCR）10mg一次性静脉推注后治疗护理情况。其出现间断性神志恍惚、眼睑闭合不全、言语不清、口腔黏膜糜烂、全身疼痛、麻痹性肠梗阻、尿潴留、手足麻木等症状,经积极解救,禁食,持续胃肠减压、胃管内注入麻油、开塞露、生理盐水灌肠,合理应用肠外营养,注重疼痛、心理护理,做好口腔、肛周护理,预防感染加重,患者病情得到控制好转出院。     

Choice of measures of vaccination and estimates of risk of pediatric pertussis

BackgroundVaccination uptake at the individual level can be assessed in a variety of ways, including traditional measures of being up-to-date (UTD), measures of UTD that consider dose timing, like age-appropriate vaccination, and risk reduction from individual doses. This analysis compared methods of operationalizing vaccination uptake and corresponding risk of pertussis infection.MethodsCity-wide case-control study of children in Philadelphia aged 3 months through 6 years, between 2001 and 2013. Multiple logistic regression was used to isolate the independent effects of each measure of vaccination uptake and the corresponding relative odds of pertussis.ResultsBeing UTD on vaccinations was associated with a 52% reduction in risk of pertussis (OR 0.48, 95% CI: 0.34, 0.69). Evaluation of delayed receipt of vaccine versus on-time UTD yielded similar results. There was a decrease in risk of pertussis for each additional dose received with the greatest reduction in pertussis infection observed from the first (OR 0.48, 95% CI: 0.28, 0.83) and second dose (OR 0.17, 95% CI: 0.08, 0.34). Additional doses conferred minimal additional protection in this age group.ConclusionExamining vaccination status by individual doses may offer improved predictive capacity for identifying children at risk for pertussis infection compared to the traditional UTD measure.     

上海市某医院骨科平均住院日影响因素分析

对上海市某医院2003年-2007年骨科出院病人的住院日描述性分析．2003年-2007年骨科的床位利用指数与平均住院日相关性分析．2003年-2007年骨科床位与医护比例分析．2007年骨科前10大病种平均住院目影响因素分别进行单因素相关性分析和多因素逐步回归分析（STATA软件）。通过对骨科10大病种住院日影响因素分析,术前等待天数、手术类型、是否输血分别对10个、9个和8个病种的住院目有影响。输血因素和手术类型是医院不可控、由病人的病情决定的,术前等待天数是管理因素,是最值得医院重视的影响因素。     

尘肺病患者145例死因调查

目的分析汉中市尘肺病的发生、发展和死亡原因，以提高尘肺病患者的生存质量。方法对145例尘肺病患者的死因进行回顾性分析，计算其平均发病年龄、死亡年龄及患尘肺病后的存活年限。结果矽肺的平均发病年龄和死亡年龄均早于煤工尘肺和石棉肺，尘肺病的主要死因为患肺部疾患，患尘肺病后的平均存活年限为12a。结论加强职业健康体检工作，对尘肺病人做到早发现早治疗和预防并发症的发生。     

Correlates of stages of change of smoking among inhabitants of deprived neighbourhoods

BACKGROUND: This study examines the prevalence and correlates of stages of change of smoking, in terms of psychosocial, structural and sociodemographic factors, among inhabitants of deprived neighbourhoods. METHODS: Cross-sectional data were obtained from a survey on health related behaviour. Subjects were 2009 current and former smokers, aged 20-46, living in deprived neighbourhoods in Rotterdam, the second largest city in the Netherlands. Three groups of smokers were formed according to the stages of change-definitions of the Transtheoretical Model: smokers not planning to quit (precontemplators), smokers planning to quit (contemplators/preparators) and former smokers (actors/maintainers). Smokers planning to quit and smokers not planning to quit were compared regarding psychosocial factors (attitude, social norm, self-efficacy), structural factors (neighbourhood problems, material deprivation, financial problems, employment status) and sociodemographic factors (age, gender, marital status, cultural background, educational level). Former smokers were compared with smokers planning to quit regarding structural and sociodemographic factors. Logistic regression was used to assess correlates of stages of change. RESULTS: Smokers planning to quit (prevalence = 19%) reported a more positive attitude, stronger social norms and higher self-efficacy expectations in quitting smoking than smokers not planning to quit (prevalence = 57%). Smokers planning to quit less often were Dutch-born, more often had attended higher vocational schooling or university and more often reported experiencing two or more neighbourhood problems compared to smokers not planning to quit. Former smokers (prevalence = 24%) were older, more often Dutch-born, married, employed and higher educated, compared to smokers planning to quit. Furthermore, former smokers less often reported material deprivation and financial problems than smokers planning to quit. CONCLUSION: Among people living in deprived neighbourhoods, different factors correlate with different stages of change of smoking. Implications for health promotion are discussed.     

西林瓶装注射用水的装量检查分析

为了检查西林瓶装注射用水的实际分装量是否符合2005年版《药典》三部要求,按照2005年版《药典》三部中“生物制品分装和冻干规程”,分装规格为0．8ml的西林瓶装注射用水10000瓶,随机在分装过程的前、中、后阶段共抽取100瓶,轧盖、目检。分别用1ml标定注射器及1ml普通无菌注射器抽取每瓶注射用水的实际体积,以t检验法对实际抽取量与标示量的差值进行统计学分析,结果显示其与2005年版《药典》三部要求分装附加量为0．1ml相比有显著性差异（P〈0．001）。     

对《医疗事故处理条例》的几点认识--学习《医疗事故处理条例》的一点体会

国务院颁布的《医疗事故处理条例》（以下简称《条例》）在吸收、总结原《医疗事故处理办法》（以下简称《办法》）实施十几年以来正反两方面经验教训的基础上，对《办法》作了许多重大的修改：《条例》扩大了医疗事故的主体与范围，提出了防范医疗事故的一些重要措施，授权医学会独立担纲医疗事故技术鉴定工作，赋予了患者更多的权利，规定医疗事故民事责任争议可以“私了”，制定了更为规范的医疗事故的赔偿制度等。《条例》作出的这些新规定必将使医疗事故得以更加科学、客观、公正、公平、合理的解决。认真学习、把握《条例》的这些新规定，很好地透视《条例》的立法宗旨与原则，必将极大地提高学习、宣传《条例》的主动性与积极性，更好地推进《条例》的贯彻执行工作。     

The analysis of case-control studies of the efficacy of screening for recurrence of cancer

Occasionally, the efficacy of screening for cancer recurrence has been evaluated by means of case-control studies. However, these studies generally have not been designed and analyzed in a manner that will yield an unbiased result. The commentary shows that by adhering to the principles developed for the analysis of studies of the efficacy of screening for the presence of a given cancer in persons with no history of this disease, a case-control study of screening for recurrence will improve its chances of obtaining valid findings.     

137例地中海贫血出生相关因素分析

目的:揭示地中海贫血患儿出生相关因素,提出干预措施,为进一步制定地贫预防控制总体规划提供决策参考。方法:对近3年137例地贫儿(45例重型β-地贫、29例中间型β-地贫、32例中间型α-地贫和31例巴氏胎儿水肿综合征)出生相关因素进行调查研究。结果:地贫儿出生相关社会心理因素顺位依次为:基因携带者不知情(70.07%)、经济困难(21.17%)、心理因素(5.11%)、其它(3.65%)。基因携带者对自身情况不知情是本组地贫儿主要出生相关因素,与其它出生相关因素有显著差异(P<0.05)。结论:基因携带者自身的认识与重视是预防控制工作的一个重要组成部分,地贫高发区人群携带者(轻型β-地贫、α-地贫特征和静止型携带者)的检出及系统管理是预防控制工作的关键环节,应进一步应用生物、社会及心理的医学模式搞好地贫预防控制工作。     

可乐对小鼠精子质量影响

目的 探讨可乐对雄性小鼠精子质量及数量的影响.方法 31只昆明种雄性小鼠按体重随机分为阴性对照组、低剂量组、高剂量组(分别以0.6ml生理盐水、0.3,0.6ml可乐灌胃),腹腔注射组(0.6ml可乐注射)和阳性对照组(0.6ml环磷酰胺腹腔注射)5组.灌胃及腹腔注射1次/d,连续7d,测定小鼠精子的运动参数,并观察其畸形发生率.结果 高剂量组肾脏系数与阴性对照、低剂量组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);腹腔注射组与阴性对照组比较小鼠附睾系数明显升高(P<0.05).腹腔注射组的精子平均移动角度与阴性对照组比较明显升高(P<0.05),低剂量组精子密度与阳性对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).高剂量组、阳性对照组与阴性对照组比较精子畸形率明显升高(P<0.05);低、高剂量组及腹腔注射组与阳性对照组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);低、高剂量组与腹腔注射组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 可乐对小鼠精子活性和形态有一定的影响.