经桡动脉途径行冠状动脉造影和介入治疗的临床应用

目的总结经桡动脉行冠状动脉造影和介入治疗的经验。方法对有冠状动脉造影指征的住院患者120例,经桡动脉途径实施冠状动脉造影,如有冠状动脉病变则作进一步介入治疗。结果 120例患者中,117例成功穿刺桡动脉并完成冠状动脉造影、介入治疗;2例桡动脉痉挛穿刺失败而改行其他途径,1例因锁骨下动脉迂曲改行股动脉途径。桡动脉穿刺成功率97.5%;造影成功率99.1%。29例成功植入支架。造影导丝通过不畅而换用亲水导丝成功12例。前臂轻中度血肿6例,桡动脉闭塞1例,无1例严重并发症发生。结论经桡动脉途径行冠状动脉诊疗术对操作者有较高要求,但在积累一定经验后能顺利完成。     

经桡动脉行冠状动脉造影及介入治疗的观察和护理

[目的]探讨经桡动脉行冠状动脉造影及介入治疗的护理。[方法]回顾118例经桡动脉行冠状动脉造影及介入治疗病人的术前、术中、术后护理措施。[结果]桡动脉穿刺成功率99．2％，桡动脉痉挛3例，伤口渗血2例，上肢肿胀1例，无心脏事件、桡动脉栓塞、手部缺血及术后桡动脉搏动消失病人。[结论]全面有效的围术期护理是提高手术成功率、减少并发症的必要措施。     

经桡动脉行冠状动脉造影及介入治疗的观察和护理

[目的]探讨经桡动脉行冠状动脉造影及介入治疗的护理。[方法]回顾118例经桡动脉行冠状动脉造影及介入治疗病人的术前、术中、术后护理措施。[结果]桡动脉穿刺成功率99.2%,桡动脉痉挛3例,伤口渗血2例,上肢肿胀1例,无心脏事件、桡动脉栓塞、手部缺血及术后桡动脉搏动消失病人。[结论]全面有效的围术期护理是提高手术成功率、减少并发症的必要措施。     

经桡动脉与股动脉途径行冠脉造影和介入治疗108例护理体会

2005年以来,我院对108例冠心病患者行冠脉造影和介入治疗,治疗过程中对经桡动脉与经股动脉介入效果进行比较。现报告如下。1临床资料本组108例随机分为两组,其中桡动脉穿刺组48例,男31例,女17例,平均56±1.5岁,股动脉穿刺组60例,男42例,女18例,平均64±1.6岁。两组比较无显著性     

经桡动脉和股动脉途径行冠状动脉造影和介入治疗的比较

目的:比较经桡动脉和股动脉两种途径行冠状动脉造影和介入治疗(PCI)的优劣,评价经桡动脉途径的安全性、可行性。方法:选择2004年1月-2007年2月行冠状动脉造影检查及介入治疗的338例患者为研究对象,按途径分为两组,桡动脉组153例,男性102例,女性51例,平均年龄63±11岁;股动脉组185例,男性131例,女性54例,平均年龄64±12岁,比较两组手术成功率、并发症发生率、手术操作时间和住院时间。结果:桡动脉组和股动脉组造影成功率分别为96.7%、98.9%(P>0.05);曝光时间分别为8′54″±4′30″,6′45″±3′38″(P>0.05)。PCI的成功率分别为98.0%、98.9%(P>0.05);曝光时间分别为16′30″±7′20″,18′49″±4′30″(P>0.05)。严重并发症(死亡和急诊冠脉旁路移植术)两组无区别,桡动脉组2例(1.3%)死亡,2例(1.3%)血肿,1例(0.7%)出现右侧桡动脉闭塞,1周后桡动脉搏动恢复;股动脉组局部出血总发生率为10.2%(19例),发生排尿困难需留置导尿18例(9.7%),拔管时迷走反射6例(3.2%)。死亡1例(0.5%)。两组住院时间分别为2.3±1.3 d和3.5±1.1d,桡动脉组住院时间较短(P<0.05)。结论:与股动脉途径相比,经桡动脉途径行冠状动脉造影和介入治疗术后并发症少,住院时间短,患者依从性高,是一种安全、有效的方法,值得推广。     

经桡动脉行冠状动脉介入治疗的护理

2004年以来，我院行桡动脉穿刺介入治疗冠心病，经精心护理，效果满意。现将护理体会报告如下。     

23例经皮桡动脉穿刺行冠状造影及介入治疗的体会

目的探讨经桡动脉途径行冠状动脉造影及介入治疗。方法自2004年1月-2004年5月在我院23例急良性冠状动脉综合征患者进行选择性冠脉造影，其中男性16例，女性7例；年龄27～72岁．平均年龄55．7岁，所有患者术前进行Allen试验阳性后选右侧桡动脉为穿刺点，行左右冠脉造影。结果其中3支病变有5例，双支病变3例。12例冠脉造影未见异常，其中5例患者行介入治疗放置Helisten支架，一例需要做搭桥手术，术中术后无出现并发症，术侧桡动脉搏动正常。结论经桡动脉途径行经皮冠状动脉造影及介入治疗是安全有效，出血并发症少，住院日简短，且不影响术后患者活动。     

经桡动脉和股动脉途径行冠状动脉介入治疗的对比临床研究

本研究旨在通过对经桡动脉和股动脉途径行PCI的对比观察,探讨经桡动脉途径PCI的可行性和安全性。     

经皮桡动脉行冠状动脉造影护理体会

目的探讨经桡动脉行冠状动脉造影患者的观察和护理。方法分析经桡动脉穿刺行冠状动脉造影的226例患者,男139例,女87例,年龄39~86岁,手术均顺利完成。结果通过观察穿刺处有无渗血、血肿、桡动脉搏动情况、肢端血运情况等护理措施,减少并发症的发生,本组患者中无1例发生手部缺血性坏死或其他并发症。结论经桡动脉行冠状动脉造影术,创伤小,并发症少,患者不需严格卧床,舒适度好,护理方便,节省费用,患者易于接受。     

门诊经桡动脉行冠脉造影92例分析

冠心病是严重危害人类健康的主要疾病，随着医疗水平的提高，选择性冠脉造影术被广泛用于冠心病人的诊断及胸痛病人的诊断。多项研究表明，门诊经桡动脉行冠脉造影介入治疗安全、有效。本院自2006年1月开始，于门诊经桡动脉行选择性冠脉造影92例，取得良好的临床效果。为评价门诊经桡动脉行选择性冠脉造影的安全性和有效性，作者就本资料分析报告如下。[第一段]     

两种止血器在高龄患者经桡动脉介入术后的应用比较

目的探讨两种止血器在高龄患者经桡动脉介入术后的应用情况。方法选取经桡动脉冠状动脉介入术的高龄患者80例,随机将患者分为观察组与对照组,每组各40例,术后分别采用气囊式和旋压式止血器压迫止血。观察两组患者止血效果、舒适度及并发症发生情况。结果两组患者止血效果比较,P＞0.05,差异无统计学意义,观察组患者术后舒适度明显优于对照组,缺血、迷走反射发生率明显低于对照组,两组比较,均P＜0.05,差异具有统计学意义。结论气囊式止血器更适用于经桡动脉介入术后高龄患者伤口压迫止血。     

尺、桡动脉置管在冠心病术后监护中的应用比较

目的探讨经尺、桡动脉置管进行有创血压监测在冠状动脉旁路移植术后患者中的应用比较。方法选择冠状动脉旁路移植术的106例患者分别采取桡动脉或尺动脉置管行有创监测,并进行回顾性比较分析。结果 2组患者在1次穿刺成功率、出血、感染、动脉痉挛、肢体远端缺血、非计划性拔管等方面差异没有统计学意义。结论经合理评估和严密监测,尺动脉途径置管可成为桡动脉置管的替代途径。     

Ultrasound-guided radial artery catheterization and the modified Allen's test

In this case report, ultrasound-guided radial artery catheterization and a modified Allen's test were performed by Emergency Department (ED) physicians to facilitate the management of an intubated, critically injured patient. Ultrasound was demonstrated to be a valuable tool in determining collateral circulation and guiding radial artery cannulation in a patient unable to cooperate with the traditional Allen's test. Ultrasound guidance may reduce the risk of radial artery catheterization in severely injured patients.     

桡神经浅支血液供应解剖学研究与神经移植的应用

目的追踪测量供给桡神经浅支的血管起源,长度及外径等指标,为临床神经移植选材较理想的带血管蒂的神经供体提供解剖学基础。方法解剖分离68侧自愿捐献的成人上肢(局解用尸体),观察桡神经浅支的走行、血供来源等,并在手术显微镜下(放大6倍)追踪观察了供给桡神经浅支的动脉起源部位、长度以及外径等。结果桡神经浅支的血供可分为3种类型,即A型:来源于桡动脉4例;B型:来源于桡动脉、桡侧返动脉48例;C型:来源于桡动脉、桡侧返动脉、肌支动脉16例。桡神经浅支上1/3段各来源于桡动脉、桡侧返动脉、肌支动脉分别为78,108,7条,中1/3段各来源于桡动脉、桡侧返动脉、肌支动脉分别为95,3,15条,下1/3段各来源于桡动脉、桡侧返动脉、肌支动脉分别为76,0,14条。结论桡神经浅支上1/3段血供丰富,是临床上取材方便,应用理想的带血管蒂的神经移植供体。     

急性基底动脉闭塞早期溶栓临床疗效观察

目的探讨急性基底动脉闭塞早期溶栓的临床疗效。方法选择急性基底动脉闭塞患者39例,所有患者均接受动脉内早期溶栓治疗,溶栓药物选择尿激酶,药物总量30～100万单位。观察患者溶栓治疗血管再通情况及预后情况。分析溶栓时间、术前美国国立卫生研究院脑卒中量表(NIHSS)评分与患者预后的关系。结果①血管完全再通14例,部分再通21例,未再通4例。患者预后良好21例,预后不良18例,共6例患者死亡。②溶栓时间≤180分者,术后30 d MRS评分0～2分者11例,其比例为57.89%,显著高于溶栓时间181～500分者(P<0.05)。③治疗前NIHSS评分≤20分者,术后30 d MRS评分0～2分者13例,其比例为68.42%,显著高于治疗前NIHSS评分>20分者(P<0.05)。结论急性基底动脉闭塞早期溶栓治疗具有良好的效果,手术时间及术前患者情况与预后相关。     

经桡动脉穿刺冠脉介入术后发生上肢血肿的护理

目的探讨经桡动脉穿刺冠脉介入术后发生上肢血肿的原因及护理对策。方法回顾性总结和分析25例经桡动脉穿刺冠脉介入术后发生上肢血肿的原因和护理经验。结果25例发生上肢血肿的患者经治疗后，18例的局部红、肿、痛在5d内基本恢复正常；6例在7d后恢复正常；1例20d恢复正常。术后无1例出现骨筋膜室综合征或假性动脉瘤。结论抬高患肢、局部压迫、弹力绷带加压包扎和病情观察对预防和治疗经桡动脉穿刺冠脉介入术后发生上肢血肿具有重要意义。     

经桡动脉和股动脉途径行冠状动脉介入诊治的比较分析

目的探讨经桡动脉和股动脉途径行冠状动脉介入治疗的可靠性和安全性。方法对2004年9月至2009年2月189例成功行冠状动脉造影(CAG)检查和(或)冠状动脉成形术(PCI)患者的临床资料和手术过程进行回顾性分析,按经动脉途径不同分为两组,A组(n=105例)为经桡动脉途径,B组(n=84例)为经股动脉途径,比较经桡动脉和股动脉途径两种穿刺方法的优缺点及并发症的发生率。结果两组在操作过程中平均穿刺时间、手术耗时、X线照射时间及造影剂使用量比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);A组并发症、不适反应等发生率显著低于B组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);动脉痉挛A组1例,B组0例;局部血肿A组2例,B组0例;假性动脉瘤、动静脉瘘、血栓栓塞A组为0例,B组分别为4、1、1例,但两组差异无统计学意义(P0.05);腰痛及排尿困难A组显著低于B组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论经桡动脉途径与传统经股动脉途径相比,并发症少,安全可行,值得推广。     

Intraindividual comparison of human radial and internal thoracic arteries in vitro and the effect of preoperative calcium blocker therapy

The patency rate of radial artery (RA) conduits is considerably lower than that of internal thoracic artery (ITA) grafts and the evidence suggests that this is due to a clinically suspected higher incidence of vasospasm. The aim of this study was, therefore, to compare intraindividually the pharmacological reactivity of RA with that of ITA. Both RA and ITA were taken from the same patients and investigated in parallel. Changes in tone were monitored isometrically on ring preparations from both arteries in organ baths with modified Krebs-Henseleit solution containing 1.25 mm calcium chloride at 1 g passive preload. In intraindividual comparisons maximal receptor-mediated contractile responses to noradrenaline and endothelin-1 and endothelium-dependent acetylcholine-induced relaxant responses revealed no differences between both arteries. By contrast, depolarization-induced contractions to potassium chloride (KCl) appeared to be significantly higher in RA than in ITA. Further analysis, however, revealed that this difference was due to preoperative calcium entry blocker (Ca(2+)eB) therapy. Compared with control tissues, maximal responses to KCl were significantly attenuated in the ITA but unchanged in RA when arteries were obtained from patients with preoperative Ca(2+)eB therapy. The present results suggested that functional responses to pharmacological stimuli of both RA and ITA were quite similar. Preoperative Ca(2+)eB therapy, however, attenuated markedly responses to KCl of the ITA leaving those of RA unchanged. These results, demonstrating a lower sensitivity to Ca(2+)eB of RA, therefore suggested that in addition to Ca(2+)eB other classes of drug may be more effective at reducing the propensity of RA conduits to vasospasm.     

Repeatability of the measurement of augmentation index in the clinical assessment of arterial stiffness using radial applanation tonometry

Objective. Aortic augmentation index (AIx) measured using applanation tonometry is a non‐invasive indicator of arterial stiffness. The objective of this study was to assess its repeatability when used by nurses with limited experience of the technique. Material and methods. Blood pressure/augmentation index (BP/AIx) was measured 4 times in 20 consecutive ambulant patients (16 male) after they rested supine for 15?min. Two nurses independently and alternately measured BP/AIx using the same equipment (Omron HEM‐757; SphygmoCor with Millar hand‐held tonometer). Nurses were blinded to patient medical records and their colleague's AIx/BP. ‘Within’ and ‘between’ observer differences were assessed using intra‐class correlation coefficients (rI) and 95 % limits of agreement (95 % LoA) derived from Bland‐Altman plots. Results. Mean age was 56 (mean BP 136/79; mean pulse 64). Mean AIx was 24.1 (range 2.8 to 41.0). Both ‘between’ and ‘within’ observer repeatability was very high, with intra‐class correlation coefficients ranging from 0.92 to 0.98. Mean AIx readings ‘between’ observers differed by only 0.68 (95 % CI ?0.24 to 1.59) with a high rI (0.98; 95 % CI 0.95 to 0.99) and a narrow 95 % LoA (?3.22 to 4.57). The 95 % LoA for ‘within’ observer repeatability was ?6.75 to 7.95. Differences in AIx measurement did not vary over time or with increasing levels of AIx. Conclusions. Even when undertaken by relatively inexperienced operators, both ‘within’ and ‘between’ observer repeatability of AIx measurement is very high. Such non‐invasive assessment of arterial stiffness has the potential to be included in the clinical assessment of ambulant patients.     

新生儿桡动脉应用留置针后致腕部血肿的原因分析及护理对策

目的分析新生儿应用留置针进行桡动脉穿刺后致腕部血肿的原因并探讨解决对策。方法对监护室内应用留置针进行桡动脉穿刺的新生儿进行观察,对发生腕部血肿并发症的患儿总结教训,归纳经验。结果新生儿应用留置针进行桡动脉穿刺后致腕部血肿并发症的原因有患儿本身的因素,也有护理人员在操作过程中穿刺手法及术后套管针护理方法的影响。结论采取正确的置管方法,完善留置针的维护等措施可有效减少或避免血肿出现,为临床提供准确的诊疗依据,有利于疾病的恢复。