危害分析与关键控制点理论评价某煤矿职业病危害控制效果

目的 探讨危害分析与关键控制点(HACCP)理论应用于建设项目职业病危害控制效果评价的价值.方法 通过对某新建煤矿建设项目进行职业病危害因素调查、职业病危害因素检测和职业健康检查,应用HACCP理论找出职业病危害显著的关键控制点,提出预防控制措施,评价控制效果.结果 该建设项目存在的职业病危害因素主要有煤尘、噪声、化学有毒物质和工频电场.针对采煤工、掘进工、皮带司机工种煤尘浓度和掘进工、支护工、皮带司机、压风机司机、抽风机司机工种噪声强度均超过国家职业卫生接触限值的危害情况,从工程防护、个人防护、管理防护等3方面设置职业病危害关键控制点并实施监控.经验证,职业病危害控制效果良好.结论 HACCP理论运用到煤矿建设项目的职业病危害预防控制中,具有较强的科学性、实用性和可操作性.     

某煤矿建设项目职业病危害控制效果评价

目的识别、分析某煤矿矿井建设项目存在的职业病危害因素,评价职业病危害防护措施及其效果,提出合理可行的职业病防护对策,为卫生行政部门竣工验收和企业加强职业卫生管理工作提供依据。方法依据《工业企业设计卫生标准》等职业卫生标准、规范,采用职业卫生现场调查、工作场所职业病危害因素检测等方法对该建设项目进行评价。结果该建设项目存在煤尘、矽尘、噪声、手传振动等多种职业病危害因素。采煤工等10个工种接触粉尘的时间加权平均浓度超过了职业接触限值,11 011采面等13个作业岗位的粉尘浓度不符合超限倍数的要求,采煤工6个工种接触噪声等效声级超过了职业接触限值,岩巷、煤巷掘进工接触手传振动强度均超过了职业接触限值。结论建设项目采取的职业病危害防护设施、措施基本可行,存在的职业病危害因素基本能够控制,但需要加强部分工作场所煤尘和噪声的控制措施,并做好手传振动作业工人的个人防护。     

某汽车隔音件技术改造项目职业病危害控制效果评价

目的 识别汽车隔音件技术改造项目技改前后职业病危害因素种类、分布及危害程度,探讨其防护对策和管理措施,提出其职业病危害关键控制点.方法 采用职业病危害因素检测、职业卫生调查、职业健康检查、检查表分析法等对该项目进行职业病危害控制效果评价.结果 该项目存在化学毒物、粉尘、噪声、高温、电焊弧光和工频电场等职业病危害因素;工...     

苯胺生产企业职业危害因素分析

采用职业卫生现场调查、职业病危害因素检测等方法对某苯胺生产企业进行职业病危害因素检测。结果显示，该企业可能存在的职业病危害因素有煤尘、矽尘、苯胺、一氧化氮、二氧化氮、硫化氢、氨、苯及噪声。除空压机巡检工接触噪声声级超过国家卫生标准，其他工种接触职业病危害因素均符合国家卫生标准。该企业采取的各种职业病危害防护措施总体有效，职业病危害因素可以预防和控制。     

天津市某农药厂职业病危害现状与对策

目的 通过职业卫生现场调查和检测等方法,明确天津市某农药厂存在的职业病危害问题,明确作业岗位及重点职业病危害因素。方法 2019年5月,采用职业卫生现场调查、职业卫生检测与分析等方法,对该农药厂职业病危害现状进行总体评价。结果 该农药厂劳动者接触的其他粉尘、矽尘、氮氧化合物、敌敌畏、一氧化碳、二氧化硫、噪声检测结果符合国家职业接触限值。综合车间乳剂新上瓶工、粉碎车间混料粉碎上料工的岗位噪声强度>80 dB(A),属于噪声作业岗位;接害人数为42例,职业健康检查人数为17人,职业健康检查率偏低（40.5%）,职业健康检查项目缺少氮氧化物、一氧化碳、矽尘。现场调查时大部分员工未佩戴个体防护用品,且发放的防毒面具、防尘口罩、防噪声耳塞数量不足。结论 该农药厂整体职业病危害控制效果基本良好,但管理中存在一些问题,需根据建议进行整改。     

某公司年产10万t丁苯橡胶项目职业病危害控制效果评价

目的识别、分析某公司丁苯橡胶项目的职业病危害,并进行控制效果评价。方法依据《建设项目职业病危害评价规范》等法律法规,采用职业卫生调查、职业卫生检测、职业健康检查、检查表分析法及综合分析等方法进行评价。结果该项目选址与总体布局、生产工艺与设备布局、职业病防护措施等基本符合有关要求。生产过程中可能产生粉尘、化学毒物、噪声等职业病危害因素,其中,噪声强度最大值为100.2 dB(A),超过国家职业卫生限值;其他职业病危害因素的检测结果均符合国家职业卫生标准。职业健康检查未发现疑似职业病及职业病病例,但发现了3例职业禁忌证。结论该项目属于职业病危害一般的建设项目,职业病危害控制效果较好,在相关的措施制度上还需进一步完善。     

禹州市某煤矿技术改造项目职业病危害控制效果评价

目的识别禹州市某煤矿建设项目职业病危害因素,分析和评价控制效果。方法现场职业卫生调查、工作场所职业病危害因素检测和职业健康检查。结果该建设项目选址与总体布局、生产工艺、设备布局、职业病防护设施、个体使用的防护用品等基本符合《工业企业设计卫生标准》GBZ1-2002的要求,该项目生产过程中产生的主要职业病危害因素有:粉尘、毒物、噪声与振动、工频电场等。结论该建设项目职业病危害控制措施基本有效。     

某煤矿1.20Mt/a技术改造项目职业病危害控制效果评价

目的通过对某煤矿1.20 Mt/a技改项目职业病危害控制效果评价,探讨控制技术及防护措施。方法通过职业卫生调查法、职业卫生检测法、检查表分析法等方法进行定性和定量评价。结果该项目总平面布局、职业病防护设施、个人使用的职业病防护用品、应急救援、卫生辅助用室设置、职业卫生管理等均符合国家卫生标准。该项目生产过程中产生粉尘、噪声、有毒有害气体(CO、NO、NO2、SO2、H2S)等职业病危害因素,其中部分岗位粉尘和噪声浓度(或强度)超标。结论该项目职业病危害控制措施可行、有效,但部分岗位仍需加强治理。     

某空气分离项目职业病危害控制效果评价

目的对某空气分离项目进行职业病危害控制效果评价。方法通过职业卫生现场调查、职业病危害因素检测、查阅劳动者职业健康监护和职业卫生管理档案等,对该项目作业场所职业病危害控制效果进行分析与评价。结果噪声是该项目存在的主要职业病危害因素。接触有害作业的工人尚未发现职业病病例。结论在职业病防治工作上,该项目采取了一定的措施,但尚需加强治理。     

贵州省某煤矿职业病危害控制效果评价

目的对某煤矿进行职业病危害控制效果评价,为相关部门对该建设项目职业病防护设施竣工验收提供科学依据。方法采用现场调查法、检查表法、检测检验法进行定性和定量评价。结果该建设项目的选址、总体布局、职业病危害防护设施调查及评价、个人防护用品、职业卫生管理等符合国家的规定;生产过程中存在的职业病危害因素为粉尘、噪声、SO2、CO、NO2,其中输煤系统末煤皮带尾部粉尘浓度超标,输煤系统拨煤机岗位噪声超标。结论在职业卫生防护设施运行正常和个体防护措施到位的情况下,该项目职业病危害控制效果基本可行。     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.