汉防己甲素对矽肺大鼠肺内磷脂成分的影响

本文分析了正常鼠、矽肺鼠及汉防已甲素治疗的矽肺鼠肺组织及肺表面活性物质中主要磷脂成分的含量及磷脂构成比。结果表明矽肺鼠较正常鼠肺组织中主要磷脂成分含量有增高,汉甲治疗鼠较矽肺鼠主要磷脂成分量降低并且在肺组织中磷脂的构成比发生了改变,其原因主要是由于肺表面活性物质量的增减及磷脂构成比的改变所致。提出肺表面活性物质中饱和卵脂的含量可作为评价粉尘对肺脏的毒性及药物疗效观察的指标,而汉防已甲素是降低肺内脂类抑制肺纤维化进展较理想的药物。     

综合干预对实验性兔矽肺纤维化的实验研究

目的 探讨综合干预治疗与单一药物治疗或肺泡灌洗治疗对矽肺纤维化的影响.方法 选取150只健康雄性大耳白兔,随机分为5组:①正常对照组;②丹参药物治疗组;③生理氯化钠肺泡灌洗组;④综合治疗组;⑤尘肺对照组;各30只.通过对兔矽结节的计数、分级和计分,以及检测肺组织羟脯氨酸(Hyp)含量的高低和肺的干重来判定综合干预治疗对兔矽肺肺纤维化的疗效.结果 150只实验免中,136只尘肺模型复制成功.60、120 d时第4组兔矽结节计数和分级以及肺组织Hyp含量及肺干重均明显低于2、3组,差异有显著性(P<0.05或P<0.01).结论 综合干预治疗矽肺肺纤维化比单一药物治疗或肺泡灌洗治疗效果更为理想.     

磷酸羟基喹哌对实验性矽肺组织中脂类含量的影响

实验性矽肺病变发展过程中、肺组织中脂类含量的改变,许多学者已进行过不少研究,但药物对实验性矽肺的肺组织脂类含量的影响问题则报道不多。实验证明,磷酸羟基喹哌对实验性矽肺病变的发展具有一定的抑制作用,可激活和保护肺泡巨噬细胞,抑制肺纤维化的进展。本实验的目的在于观察该药物对实验性矽肺的肺组织脂类含量的影响,探讨脂类在矽肺发病过程中的作用,为阐明药物作用的机理,寻找实验性矽肺病变指标提供资料。     

NLRP3炎症小体通路在矽肺纤维化中的作用及其作为治疗靶点的展望

吸入晶体二氧化硅颗粒可诱导矽肺, 矽肺的发生与肺部炎症和肺纤维化的发生发展密切相关。NLRP3炎症小体已被确立为一种主要的促炎受体, 用于感知环境危险信号。肺巨噬细胞吞噬二氧化硅颗粒后活化NLRP3炎症小体可能是诱导肺部氧化应激和持续炎症反应的重要机制。本文总结了NLRP3炎症小体通路在矽肺炎性反应和肺纤维化中的作用, 并对其作为矽肺治疗的潜在靶点进行分析。     

肌成纤维细胞对矽肺发病及治疗的研究进展

矽肺是尘肺病的一种,也是我国危害最严重和最常见的职业病。目前,矽肺发病机制尚未完全明确,尚无一个特效的治疗方法和特效药物来逆转肺纤维化。近年来研究表明,肌成纤维细胞是矽肺病肺纤维化过程中发挥关键效应的细胞。文章就肌成纤维细胞对矽肺病发病机制及治疗的研究进展进行综述,为探索矽肺病发病的分子机制以延缓或阻断纤维化进程提供帮助。     

矽肺诊断的早期生物标志物研究概况

矽肺是由于在生产过程中长期吸入大量游离二氧化硅粉尘而引起的以硅结节的形成和肺组织弥漫纤维化为主要病理改变的职业病。矽肺是中国法定职业病。目前对矽肺病人和暴露人群尚无有效的早期诊断（筛检）和有效的健康监护方法,一经传统的胸片确诊,病人肺部纤维化进程已无药物可逆转。因此寻找用于矽肺早期诊断和肺纤维化进程评价的生物标志物已成为矽肺病研究中迫切需要解决的问题。本文主要综述了近几年发现的一些生物标志物。     

粉尘引起肺纤维化机理的某些进展

尘肺是某些粉尘在肺组织内过量积聚的主要后果,对于已形成的肺纤维化是一种不可逆性的病变。研究尘肺纤维化的发生和发展,对尘肺的早期诊断,治疗及预防均有重要意义。为此,各国学者曾提出过许多假说和学说,但均未能全面阐明粉尘引起肺纤维化的机理。1980年Heppleston提出矽肺纤维化机理的设想,在矽尘作用下肺巨噬细胞死亡,释放一种致纤维化因子(MFF),刺激成纤维细胞合     

汉防己甲素对矽肺大鼠肺内脂类含量的影响

本文比较了正常大鼠、矽肺大鼠和汉防己甲素不同时间治疗的矽肺大鼠肺组织、肺冲洗物的湿重和脂类含量的差异。矽肺鼠肺组织、肺冲洗物的湿重和脂类含量均比正常鼠高,肺表面活性物增高显著;汉防己甲素治疗的矽肺大鼠肺组织、肺冲洗物湿重和脂类含量均较矽肺大鼠的低,肺表面活性物减低显著,但仍较正常鼠高。本文对其结果作了讨论,提出肺重肺脂可作为粉尘毒性指标,试图解释肺脂增高与肺纤维化的关系以及汉防己甲素的作用原理。     

实验性矽肺肺内脂类的研究

实验性矽肺早期肺内脂类明显增加[1,2],其增加的置与粉尘致病力强弱有关[3],晚期时主要是明显地纤维化,但其肺内脂类增加和肺纤维化的关系尚不明确.本文的目的是研究实验性矽肺肺内脂类变化的特点、规律、原因及其这种变化与     

丹参磷脂混合物对染尘大鼠肺纤维化的影响及机理研究

研究了丹参磷脂混合物对染石英大鼠肺纤维化发生发展及肺泡巨噬细胞氧化反应和钙稳态的影响．结果表明该药物可以明显地阻抑肺纤维化发生发展．染尘６０天时药物组和石英组全肺胶原蛋白之比为０．５７７．该药可以抑制石英尘所启动的肺泡巨噬细胞脂质过氧化反应，细胞内钙稳态保持恒定，具有保护肺泡巨噬细胞的功能．对于临床上寻找防治矽肺药物有重要的意义．     

对于慢阻肺与肺间质纤维化54例临床分析

目的探讨并分析慢阻肺和肺间质纤维化的临床发展。方法回顾性分析我院于2012年4月-2014年4月所收治的54例慢阻肺患者的临床资料,同时对32例患者经纤支镜去肺组织中进行活检、实施免疫病理、光镜以及电镜研究,对肺纤维化临床特点、病理以及超微结构特点实施总结。结果经检查研究发现,提示有肺纤维化倾向为慢阻肺发展的一个必然趋势与病理结局。结论从本次研究的结果来看,大部分慢阻肺患者在临床、肺功能以及胸片等方面均有肺间质纤维化特征性改变,于慢阻肺发展期间,因合并有弥漫性肺间质纤维化,使得肺脏顺应性逐步减低,导致肺活量急剧降低,严重影响着肺功能以及预后。由此可见,探讨分析慢阻肺与肺间质纤维化的临床发展,对于肺心病的预防和治疗有着非常重要的意义。     

Toll样受体信号通路在肺纤维化中的作用研究进展

肺纤维化(Pulmonary Fibrosis, PF)是一种病因复杂的弥漫性间质性肺疾病,主要表现为肺泡结构紊乱及细胞外基质的过度沉积,继而出现进行性、不可逆性呼吸功能减退。Toll样受体(TLRs)蛋白是一类在免疫系统中发挥重要作用的模式识别受体,介导了多种疾病的发生、发展,其中TLRs家族与肺纤维化的相互关系近年来研究的较多。本文就两者目前的相关研究结果总结了TLRs在肺纤维化发病过程中的作用,为深入研究肺纤维化的发病机制及开发治疗药物做铺垫。     

肺纤维化疾病中Keap1/Nrf2/ARE相关信号通路与中药调控

肺纤维化(pulmonary fibrosis, PF)是多种因素引起的弥漫性肺间质疾病,以弥漫性肺泡炎和肺泡结构紊乱为特征。氧化应激是PF的发病机制之一,在PF病理过程中发挥着重要作用。Keap1/Nrf2/ARE信号通路是细胞内抗氧化应激的主要途径。近年来研究发现,中药提取物及复方制剂能够通过调控Keap1/Nrf2/ARE信号通路抑制或延缓氧化应激反应,降低纤维化程度,保护肺组织。本文拟就中药调控Keap1/Nrf2/ARE信号通路对PF进行干预的研究情况作一综述,以期为PF的临床靶向治疗提供参考。     

吸入胍类消毒剂致肺损伤的毒性特征及机制研究进展

聚六亚甲基胍(polyhexamethylene guanidine,PHMG)是一种具有广谱抗菌作用的高分子胍类化合物。自从韩国“加湿器消毒剂中毒事件”后,其呼吸毒性开始受到关注。韩国流行病学调查发现,家居中含有PHMG的消毒剂是引起肺纤维化的重要危险因素。动物实验研究结果显示,通过呼吸道暴露PHMG后会引起肺部发生不可逆的纤维化改变。TGF β信号通路、上皮 间充质转化以及肺部炎症反应可能是介导PHMG引起肺纤维化的主要途径。本文概览综述了PHMG人群暴露特征及引起呼吸毒理学的研究进展,并结合我国实际使用情况,提出使用建议和警示,为合理规范使用PHMG相关产品提供建议。     

Patient's selection for lung transplantation, and management during the waiting time

Lung transplantation is now generally accepted as a useful modality of care for patients with severe life-threatening respiratory diseases that are refractory to conventional therapies. Lung transplantation is indicated for patients with end stage lung diseases, who demonstrate declining function despite maximal therapy. The author reports own experience of selection, timing referrals for lung transplantation, and the management of patients on the waiting list. Eleven patients were selected for lung transplantation. Eight of them suffered from end stage pulmonary fibrosis, two of them cystic fibrosis, and one patient had pulmonary hypertension. Seven patients underwent a successful lung transplantation and four patients died during the investigations, before the operation, due to respiratory failure, and pulmonary heart disease. It is generally recommended to consider transplantation when patients who suffer in the end stage pulmonary disease are symptomatic during daily activities too, due to pulmonary status and the expected survival is to be strongly limited, less than two years.     

放射性肺损伤发病机制及分子靶向治疗研究进展

放射性肺损伤是胸部肿瘤放疗的常见并发症,通常包括早期的放射性肺炎和晚期的放射性肺纤维化,严重影响患者的治疗和预后.目前常用的治疗放射性肺纤维化的方法包括糖皮质激素治疗、抗炎治疗、抗氧化治疗等.随着人们对放射性肺损伤的深入研究,分子靶向治疗受到广泛关注.分子靶向抑制剂是一类新兴的治疗放射性肺损伤的药物,主要针对各类细胞因...     

New therapies for non-small cell lung cancer

Lung cancer is one of the most frequent causes of death from cancer. Non-small cell lung cancer represents approximately 80% of the total pulmonary malignancies. Unfortunately, most non-small cell lung cancer patients present advanced disease at diagnosis and a very poor prognosis. Despite advances in our understanding of the molecular and genetic basis of non-small cell lung cancer, and improvement in therapy with surgery, conventional chemotherapy, and radiation, 5-year survival for patients with this diagnosis remains poor and the disease remains a clinical challenge. However, strategies of molecular based therapies are in development and it is hoped that these new approaches will continue to improve survival for patients with advanced lung cancer. Any categorization of these drugs is hard, with overlap in several features. The main investigated agents are epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family inhibitors, angiogenesis inhibitors and antivascular drugs, signal transduction inhibitors, apoptosis inducers, eicosanoid pathway inhibitors and immunotherapeutic drugs. To date, few of these new drugs can offer trust of a substantial influence on the natural history of non-small cell lung cancer, and disappointing results are more commonly reported than encouraging ones. Nevertheless, tailored treatment for non-small cell lung cancer patients may represent a further chance of tumor control and symptom palliation. This review presents an overview of molecular targeted therapy in non-small cell lung cancer.     

Therapy of patients with end-stage pulmonary disease. Review of lung transplantation based on four cases of our own

The pathogenesis of infiltrative pulmonary diseases is largely unknown, and their final outcome is variable. These inflammatory processes may involve the alveoli and the pulmonary interstices, and they may lead to pulmonary fibrosis. The development of end-stage pulmonary disease is irreversible. Patients with respiratory failure have a poor prognosis. For young patients at the end-stage of their pulmonary disease, lung transplantation is a promising therapeutic modality. The therapeutic protocols for unilateral or bilateral lung transplantation and heart-lung transplantation were established only in the last 10 years. In Hungary there is no center yet performing lung transplantation. This therapy is available only for those who could be effectively rehabilitated with this method. Four patients 27-35 years of age suffering pulmonary fibrosis, despite their young age developed honey-comb lungs with therapy resistant respiratory failure. No other organic symptoms were detected by detailed examination, so their predicted survival was dependent on their pulmonary status alone. Cases of four young patients, who were effectively treated with lung transplantation, are discussed from pre-operative preparations to post-operative follow-up, with the review of the literature.     

Mammography May Be Better Than You Think

Abstract

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a complex multisystemic disease requiring specialized care. It is characterized by progressive pulmonary decline, with intermittent worsening of lung function, often called pulmonary exacerbations. Eighty-five percent of all deaths from CF are a result of pulmonary disease, and pulmonary exacerbations are associated with decline in lung function. Treating pulmonary exacerbations requires a multifaceted approach and includes a multidisciplinary team composed of a physician, nurse, respiratory therapist, physical therapist, and nutritionist. Recently, the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation published guidelines addressing the comprehensive treatment of pulmonary exacerbations. This article outlines the treatment goals established by these guidelines, including the evaluation and treatment of comorbid conditions (eg, CF-related diabetes) and serious complications associated with CF exacerbations (eg, pneumothorax). Proper treatment of pulmonary exacerbations in CF patients will continue to improve their health and quality of life.     

IL-6家族细胞因子在肺纤维化中的作用

肺纤维化是以成纤维细胞增殖、大量细胞外基质聚集,以及伴随炎症损伤、组织结构破坏为特征的一大类肺疾病的终末期改变;炎症反应在纤维化发病过程中尤其起到关键作用。白细胞介素-6( interleukin-6, IL-6)家族细胞因子作为促炎细胞因子或抗炎细胞因子参与肺部炎症反应,通过调控促纤维化因子分泌,激活信号传导通路,诱导成纤维细胞的增殖、分化,从而在肺纤维化进展中发挥重要作用。本文拟对IL-6家族细胞因子在肺纤维化中的作用与治疗研究进行综述,以供今后工作参考。