颈椎后纵韧带骨化症合并硬膜囊骨化的前路手术治疗

目的 探讨颈椎后纵韧带骨化症合并硬膜囊骨化的影像学表现、前路手术方法 及疗效.方法 2005年1月至2008年3月,前路手术治疗颈椎后纵韧带骨化症合并硬膜囊骨化患者13例.男11例,女2例;年龄43～72岁,平均53.6岁.骨化物分型:局限型3例,分节型2例,连续型5例,混合型3例;骨化物范围涉及1～5椎,平均2.8椎.患者均通过前路椎体次全切除术,切除骨化后纵韧带减压,术中6例患者后纵韧带骨化和硬膜囊骨化得以完全分离,硬膜囊保留完整,另7例患者硬膜囊出现不同程度撕裂或缺损.结果 8例患者术前CT横断面成像上表现为典型的"双影征",2例患者表现为整块骨化物存在中心低密度影,余3例患者表现为椎管狭窄率超过90%的严重后纵韧带骨化.术后5例患者并发脑脊液漏,其中3例经卧床休息、局部加压治疗3～5 d后愈合,另2例患者皮肤愈合后形成间歇性脑脊液囊肿,经反复穿刺抽液治疗1个月后痊愈.随访6个月～2年,平均1年,所有患者JOA评分从术前平均8.1分提高至术后平均13.2分,神经功能恢复率平均57.3%.骨化硬膜囊切除和未切除两组患者的神经功能恢复率差异无统计学意义.结论 CT三维重建检查有助于术前诊断后纵韧带骨化合并硬膜囊骨化,合并硬膜囊骨化并非前路手术的禁忌证,前路手术切除骨化后纵韧带、彻底减压是提高此类患者手术疗效的关键.     

颈前路手术并发脑脊液漏的原因及处理

目的探讨颈前路手术并发脑脊液漏(CSFL)的原因及处理方法。方法2006年4月~2009年4月我治疗组共行颈前路手术728例,术后发生CSFL6例,其中3例为颈椎后纵韧带骨化症患者,1例为多节段颈椎病患者,1例为外伤后颈椎脱位患者,1例为颈椎后纵韧带骨化合并硬膜囊骨化患者。6例患者均于术中发现脑脊液漏。除1例后纵韧带骨化合并硬膜囊骨化患者在切除后纵韧带骨化块后发现硬膜有一处约3×2mm左右缺损外,余患者均未发现明显硬脊膜缺损。1例正中部位硬膜囊破损患者术中行硬膜囊修补术,其余5例无法修补硬脊膜患者采用自体筋膜和明胶海绵、生物蛋白胶填塞处理。全部病例术后采用头高脚低卧位,常规使用抗生素、补足液体及应用白蛋白并加强伤口换药,保持伤口清洁干燥。结果经上述处置后,全部6例患者在术后5~17d脑脊液漏完全治愈,未并发椎管内及颅内感染、脊髓及神经根症状、脑脊液囊肿形成。术后患者神经功能恢复良好。JOA评分提高4~6分(平均4.8分)。结论对颈前路手术发生CSFL的患者术中尽量修补破损的硬脊膜,并采用自体筋膜填塞,术后采用头高脚低位并重视补液及加强换药,可以有效治疗脑脊液漏。该方法操作简单易行,无严重并发症发生,是值得应用的治疗措施。     

后纵韧带钩辅助下颈椎后纵韧带骨化物切除减压术

目的探讨后纵韧带钩辅助下颈椎后纵韧带骨化物前路切除的适应证、方法及其临床效果。方法患者19例,男14例,女5例;年龄51-71岁,平均59岁。术前影像学检查结果示后纵韧带骨化物局限型6例,分节型13例;椎管狭窄率32％-75％,平均54％。术前神经功能JOA评分4-14分,平均9．6分。行颈前路常规手术入路,椎体开槽切骨达椎体后壁,范围超过后纵韧带骨化灶。利用后纵韧带钩插入后纵韧带下,钩起后纵韧带及骨化物,在后纵韧带与硬膜间形成一间隙,直视下用超薄型枪状咬骨钳切除后纵韧带及骨化物,而后植骨固定,恢复颈椎稳定性。结果随访6-36个月,平均16个月。术后JOA评分8～16分,平均12．8分,恢复率42％＇-92％,其中疗效优9例,良7例,可3例,优良率84．2％。4例患者术后并发脑脊液漏,保守治疗后均获得痊愈。术后CT和MR检查显示骨化后纵韧带切除完全,脊髓和硬膜囊形态恢复良好。结论后纵韧带钩可提高颈椎前路手术切除后纵韧带骨化物的安全性和有效性,适用于局限型和分节型、切除范围在两个椎节之间的颈椎后纵韧带骨化症患者。     

颈椎严重后纵韧带骨化症前路手术脑脊液漏的预防和处理

 目的 探讨前路手术治疗颈椎严重后纵韧带骨化症过程中,预防和处理脑脊液漏(cerebrospinal fluid leakage,CSFL)的经验。方法 回顾性分析2008年1月至2011年5月行前路手术治疗的47例颈椎严重后纵韧带骨化症(骨化厚度 >5 mm,椎管狭窄率 >50%)患者资料,其中15例患者术中出现硬膜缺损,男11例,女4例;年龄40～68岁,平均55.6岁。术前认真分析CT影像,行针对性的减压准备;术中应用直接切除、间接漂浮等技巧减少硬膜损伤,采用缝线修补、肌肉覆盖等方法处理硬膜缺损;术后给予卧床、引流等措施治疗CSFL。结果 术后15例患者均获得随访,随访时间为12～18个月,平均14.8个月。10例患者伤口愈合,术后未发生CSFL;5例患者确诊出现CSFL,其中4例经加压包扎、引流等治疗4～6 d后脑脊液漏出停止;1例形成脑脊液囊肿,经反复穿刺后3周内囊肿消失。所有患者伤口均完全愈合,无一例发生椎管内及颅内感染、气道阻塞等并发症,且无一例行二次修补或转流手术,术后神经功能恢复良好。结论 颈前路手术治疗严重后纵韧带骨化过程中,术前分析CT片并行充分减压准备,术中避免硬膜损伤及有效修补缺损,术后给予卧床、引流等措施能有效预防和处理CSFL。     

颈椎病合并颈椎后纵韧带骨化症的前路手术治疗

目的 探讨颈椎病合并颈椎后纵韧带骨化症(OPLL)前路切除减压的方法及其临床效果.方法采用颈椎前路减压治疗颈椎病合并颈椎OPLL患者61例,其中男42例,女19例,平均57岁(45～74岁).术前明确诊断颈椎病合并OPLL者49例,术中发现合并有OPLL者12例.OPLL椎管狭窄率32%～70%,平均52%.神经功能JOA评分术前4～14分,平均9.6分.手术在常规颈前路经椎间隙或椎体次全切除减压的基础上,切除骨化后纵韧带彻底减压.结果 本组41例患者采用前路椎体次全切除减压,6例经椎间隙扩大减压,14例采用椎体次全切除结合经椎间隙减压的手术方式.所有患者随访6个月～3年,平均16个月.术后JOA评分8～16分,平均12.8分,神经功能恢复率25.0%～87.5%,平均65.2%.5例患者术后并发脑脊液漏,经保守治疗后均获得痊愈,无1例出现脊髓功能损害加重.结论 颈椎病合并颈椎OPLL增加了手术难度和风险,在颈椎前路常规减压的基础上再将骨化的后纵韧带切除,保证了前路减压的彻底性,可提高手术治疗效果.     

颈后纵韧带骨化症前路手术硬膜囊损伤的处理和预防

硬膜囊损伤是颈腰椎手术常见的术中并发症之一,常会引起术后脑脊液漏(cerebrospinal fluid leakage, CSFL)甚至颅内感染等严重并发症而危及生命。尽管颈椎手术硬膜囊损伤的几率低于腰椎,但颈前路手术切口较深、视野较小、操作空间有限,一旦术中发生硬膜囊损伤或脑脊液漏往往需术中及术后多种方法联合处理才能有效控制。既往研究指出硬膜囊损伤与较多因素有关,其中后纵韧带骨化(ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament,OPLL)被认为是颈前路手术中导致硬膜囊损伤最主要的危险因素,故本文对OPLL患者颈前路手术中硬膜囊损伤的处理和预防措施做一综述。     

颈椎后纵韧带骨化症前路手术的多因素分析

[目的]探讨影响颈椎后纵韧带骨化症前路手术疗效的相关因素。[方法]48例颈椎后纵韧带骨化症患者，行前路手术治疗，随访1～4年，平均2．1年。根据术后神经功能JOA评分改善率，将患者分为预后良好、预后不佳2组。采用多元Logistic回归分析患者年龄、性别、神经功能、症状持续时间、合并糖尿病、Pavlov值、椎管狭窄率、骨化物分型、CT双影征、脊髓高信号、手术范围以及骨化物处理对患者手术疗效的影响。[结果]骨化物的处理方式是影响患者疗效的唯一因素（P=0．0067）。[结论]前路手术彻底切除骨化之后纵韧带，对脊髓充分减压是前路手术治疗颈椎后纵韧带骨化症的关键。     

颈前路后纵韧带骨化切除术并发脑脊液漏的处理及疗效分析

目的:探讨颈椎后纵韧带骨化症(ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament,OPLL)患者经颈椎前路手术并发脑脊液漏的处理方法及临床疗效。方法:2008年1月~2012年1月,采用颈前路后纵韧带骨化切除术治疗颈椎OPLL患者126例,男89例,女37例;年龄46～72岁,平均61岁;病程3d～7年,平均4.2年。骨化物在矢状面上范围涉及1～3个椎体。术中发现11例患者合并硬脊膜骨化,其中7例术中发生硬脊膜破损(4例为硬脊膜撕裂,3例形成硬脊膜缺损);115例未合并硬脊膜骨化患者中,4例发生硬脊膜撕裂。术中均采用明胶海绵覆盖及生物蛋白胶封堵,术后采用常压引流、卧床休息、预防感染及营养支持等方法综合处理,观察患者脑脊液漏情况及转归。结果:11例术中硬脊膜破损的患者术后均发生脑脊液漏,脑脊液漏发生率为8.7%(11/126),其中合并硬脊膜骨化患者术后脑脊液漏发生率为63.6%(7/11),未合并硬脊膜骨化患者术后脑脊液漏发生率为0.03%(4/115),两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。经综合处理后,3例于术后3～5d内痊愈;8例患者切口愈合拔管后形成间隙性脑脊液囊肿,经反复穿刺抽吸、颈部环形加压包扎治疗,均于术后14～30d内痊愈,其中1例合并颅内感染,经腰大池置管持续引流加鞘内注射抗生素治疗痊愈。11例患者均获随访,随访时间为1～36个月,平均12.8个月,无神经症状加重及持续性头痛等后遗症发生,术后平均神经功能改善率为51.2%。结论:颈椎OPLL患者行颈前路手术术中易发生硬脊膜损伤,术中一期修复极为困难,术后脑脊液漏发生率高,应采取综合措施处理,以获痊愈。     

分期治疗颈椎黄韧带骨化合并后纵韧带骨化症

目的回顾性分析分期后前路手术治疗颈椎黄韧带骨化(ossification of ligamentum flavum,OLF)合并后纵韧带骨化(ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament,OPLL)的临床疗效。方法完整随访手术治疗的颈椎OLF合并OPLL患者18例,一期行后路椎板成形术,术后严密观察6~9个月,一期术后症状改善有限,影像学检查发现前方骨化的韧带压迫脊髓,二期行前路椎体次全切除并切除骨化的韧带+植骨内固定术。术前、一期和二期术后行JOA评分并计算恢复率,测量颈椎前凸值,比较术前、术后颈椎前凸值、JOA评分和恢复率。结果椎板成形术后出现不全瘫痪症状加重者1例,C5神经根麻痹症状1例,脑脊液漏3例;二期前路手术后出现脑脊液漏2例,神经根麻痹2例,保守治疗后痊愈。平均随访时间26.3个月,术前JOA评分(7.2±1.3)分,颈椎前凸值(5.7±4.1)°;一期术后JOA评分(12.6±3.8)分,改善率为(51.6±19.3)%,颈椎前凸值(9.3±3.8)°;二期术后JOA评分(14.8±1.6)分,改善率为(72.7±13.4)%,颈椎前凸值(15.5±3.2)°。JOA评分、改善率以及颈椎前凸值在一期、二期术后与术前相比差异均有统计学意义,P0.05。结论分期后前路手术治疗可明显改善OLF合并OPLL患者术后JOA评分、恢复率和颈椎前凸值,是治疗OLF合并OPLL的一种良好方式。     

颈椎后纵韧带骨化症的手术治疗及疗效分析

[目的] 探讨颈椎后纵韧带骨化症（OPLL）手术治疗方法、疗效及其并发症。[方法] 对本组自2000年以来手术治疗的48例OPLL患者的临床资料进行回顾性总结分析。其中前路手术18例，后路手术30例，按照JOA评分标准判定其术后改善率，对患者术前术后X线、CT及MRI影像学资料进行比较分析，并统计手术并发症。[结果] 48例患者中合并原发性椎管狭窄23例，平均椎管狭窄率41．4％，术前MRI示脊髓信号改变者19例；前路手术平均改善率68．3％，后路手术平均改善率51．3％；术后并发脑脊液漏2例，节段性神经根麻痹5例，血肿2例。[结论] 应根据后纵韧带骨化部位、范围及椎管狭窄率选择合适手术方法，方能减少并发症，提高手术疗效。     

Diagnosis and surgery of ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament associated with dural ossification in the cervical spine

Direct removal of the ossified mass via anterior approach carries good decompression to ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) in the cervical spine. Ossification occasionally involves not only the posterior longitudinal ligament but also the underlying dura mater, which increased the opportunity of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage or neurological damage. The surgeon was required to recognize the dural ossification (DO) and need more cautious manipulation. Hida et al. first described the computed tomography (CT) findings that indicated the association with DO, and suggest the double-layer sign appeared more specific for DO. This study reviewed 138 patients who received anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion (ACCF) for OPLL, and 40 patients were found in the association with DO during anterior procedure. Radiological studies revealed that the patients with severe OPLL (higher occupying rate and larger extent) have increasing opportunity of association with DO. The double-layer sign, as a specific indicator for association with DO was sensitive in the patients with mild OPLL, but less frequent in those with severe OPLL with DO. Two surgical techniques were used for the patients with DO in anterior decompression procedure. When the double-layer sign was observed on CT scans, the OPLL could be separated from DO through a thin layer consisting a nonossified degenerated PLL to avoid CSF leakage. Otherwise, the entire ossified mass including OPLL and DO was removed completely. In this technique, the arachnoid membrane needed to be persevered with the aid of microscope to avoid a large area of membrane defect, resulting in uncontrolled CSF leakage. There was no significant difference in clinical results between the patients with DO and those without DO. Therefore, ACCF is meritorious for the patient with OPLL associated with DO, although more difficult manipulation and higher risk of CSF leakage.     

单节段颈椎后纵韧带骨化症前后路手术的疗效比较

目的比较前路与后路手术治疗颈椎后纵韧带骨化症(ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament,OPLL)的疗效。方法回顾2006年1月～2010年12月,收治的24例单节段颈椎OPLL患者,根据手术入路分为2组,前路手术(A组)10例,行前路骨化节段椎体次全切除、骨化的后纵韧带切除,前路植骨融合内固定;后路手术(B组)14例,行后路减压,以骨化节段椎板为中心,切除3节段全椎板,后路植骨融合,内固定。比较2组患者术前、术后1周、3个月、12个月和24个月的日本骨科学会(Japanese Orthopaedic Association,JOA)评分以及并发症情况。结果所有患者JOA评分均有不同程度的改善,较术前的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。但2组患者术后JOA评分差异无统计学意义(P<0.05)。A组术后并发脑脊液漏及脊髓功能下降各1例;B组术后并发C5神经综合征及切口脂肪液化各1例。结论单节段颈椎OPLL前路手术与后路手术的近中期疗效无明显差异。后路手术风险相对较小,前路手术难度较大,并发症较严重。     

Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament. Results of anterior cervical decompression and arthrodesis in sixty-one North American patients

BACKGROUND: Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament is commonly associated with cervical myelopathy. Surgical treatment is a matter of controversy. We report on a series of patients who were managed with anterior cervical decompression and arthrodesis for the treatment of cervical myelopathy associated with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the records for all sixty-five patients who had been managed with anterior decompression and arthrodesis for the treatment of cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament and associated neurologic compression from 1982 to 2001. Sixty-one patients (thirty-nine men and twenty-two women) were followed for at least two years (or until the time of death). The average number of vertebrae resected was 2.2. The average duration of follow-up for the sixty surviving patients was four years (range, two years to fifteen years and four months). The preoperative, six-week postoperative, and final follow-up clinical status (including neurological function as assessed with the Nurick grading system) was recorded for each patient. RESULTS: Fifty-six of the sixty-one patients had neurological improvement, with an average improvement of 1.5 Nurick grades at the time of the final follow-up. Eight patients had absent dura at the time of surgery and, of these, five had development of a cerebrospinal fluid fistula. Eight patients had development of new neurological signs and/or symptoms in the upper extremity postoperatively. Eight patients required reoperation because of a painful pseudarthrosis (one patient), strut-graft dislodgment (three), cerebrospinal fluid leakage (three), or compression of a nerve root caudad to the area of the original procedure (one). One patient died as the result of cardiac arrest on the third postoperative day. Fifty-eight patients had an osseous fusion, one had an asymptomatic nonunion, and one had a symptomatic pseudarthrosis that was treated with revision surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Anterior decompression and arthrodesis is an effective way to achieve pain relief and neurological improvement in North American patients of non-Asian descent who have cervical myelopathy associated with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament. The risk of durocutaneous fistula, graft dislodgment, and postoperative neurological symptoms appears to be high in patients with cervical myelopathy associated with this condition.     

颈椎后纵韧带骨化症的前路骨化灶悬切减压治疗

目的 探讨颈椎后纵韧带骨化症采取颈前路骨化灶悬切减压治疗效果.方法 颈椎后纵韧带骨化症42例136个骨化节段.颈前路椎体开槽,深至椎体后缘,与硬膜严重粘连不宜切除的骨化灶可用丝线缝穿骨化灶一侧残余的后纵韧带或骨化灶周围的纤维组织,轻轻提起系在植骨块或颈长肌上,使骨化灶完全缩入骨槽内;对体积较小、与硬膜粘连轻的骨化灶予以...     

Long-term results of the anterior floating method for cervical myelopathy caused by ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament

STUDY DESIGN: Results of the anterior floating method used to decompress ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament were studied for an average postoperative interval of 13 years. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the long-term results of the anterior floating method used to manage ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The anterior floating method is a technique that differs from the extirpation method used to manage ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament. Reports of the long-term results from anterior decompression used to manage cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament are rare. METHODS: The anterior floating method was used to decompress cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament in 63 patients. These patients were followed for more than 10 years with neurologic evaluations using a scoring system proposed by the Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA score). RESULTS: The recovery rate was 66.5% at 10 years and 59.3% at 13 years, the time of the final survey. Operative outcomes most closely reflected the preoperative duration and severity of myelopathy (JOA score) and the preoperative cross-sectional area of the spinal cord. There was no correlation with the canal narrowing ratio or the thickness of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament. Delayed deterioration was attributed to an original inadequate decompression and progression of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament outside the original operative field. There was no evidence of significant recurrent ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament within the margins of prior decompression. CONCLUSIONS: The anterior floating method appears to yield adequate long-term outcomes when used to manage ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament.     

前路减压植骨融合治疗胸椎后纵韧带骨化症

目的：探讨前路减压植骨融合治疗胸椎后纵韧带骨化症(OPLL)的临床疗效和适用范围。方法：1994年6月--2002年11月对20例OPLL患者采用前路减压植骨融合治疗，中胸段9例，下胸段11例；1个节段8例，2个节段6例，3个节段3例，4、5、6个节段各1例。结果：术后5例出现脑脊液漏，14例随访3个月--5年8个月，JOA评分由术前的平均3.4分提高到7．6分，植骨块无塌陷，内固定无松动。结论：前路减压植骨融合治疗胸椎后纵韧带骨化症可以取得满意的治疗结果，但对于广泛的胸椎OPLL或合并其它脊椎韧带骨化时该术式有其局限性。     

Clinical results of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) of the thoracic spine treated by anterior decompression

STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective study. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate surgical outcomes and prognostic factors of thoracic ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) treated by anterior decompression. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The results of surgery for thoracic myelopathy caused by OPLL have been recognized as unfavorable. Anterior decompression is the logical treatment option for thoracic OPLL, but it is technically demanding and is associated with a high rate of complications. METHODS: Nineteen patients who underwent anterior decompression were included in this study. Modified Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) scores and recovery rates were used to evaluate the outcomes. The relationship between the recovery rate and the following factors was investigated statistically: age, sex, duration of symptoms, preoperative JOA score, the degree of stenosis, the extent of decompression, the type of OPLL, the presence of signs of dural penetration, the presence of cerebrospinal fluid leakage, the presence of high signal intensity in the cord, and the presence of coexisting pathologies requiring surgical intervention. RESULTS: The final outcome was excellent in 4 (21.1%) patients, good in 2 (10.5%), fair in 7 (36.8%), unchanged in 4 (21.1%), and worsened in 2 (10.5%). The only statistically significant factor affecting outcomes was the preoperative JOA score. The complications included 2 (10.5%) patients with neurologic deterioration and 6 (31.6%) patients with cerebrospinal fluid leakage. CONCLUSIONS: We evaluated the outcomes and factors affecting the surgical outcomes of 19 patients with thoracic OPLL treated with anterior decompression. In this small series, we found that some patients undergoing anterior decompression for thoracic OPLL clinically improved, however, a significant percentage did not. Anterior decompression is technically demanding and is associated with a high rate of complications. When poor preoperative JOA scores and immediate postoperative neurologic deterioration are present, poor outcomes may be expected.     

Spinal canal size in ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the cervical spine

BACKGROUND: The size of the spinal canal is a factor that contributes to the neurologic deficits associated with cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL). METHODS: Bone-window computed tomography (CT) examinations of the cervical spine in 64 patients with cervical OPLL were reviewed. Forty-two patients underwent surgical treatment (anterior decompression: 16 patients, posterior decompression: 26 patients). The remaining 22 patients were managed conservatively. Selection of the surgical approach, anterior or posterior, was based on the longitudinal extent of cord compression. RESULTS: The mean developmental size of the spinal canal in the posterior decompression group (10.7 mm at C4) was significantly smaller than the other 2 groups. The spinal canal was narrowed by OPLL to 2.9 to 10.0 mm. The proportion of the patients showing motor deficits of the lower extremities significantly increased when the sagittal canal diameter was narrowed to less than 8 mm. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates critical values of CT-determined spinal canal stenosis. Developmental size of the spinal canal and the residual anterior-posterior canal diameters resulting from OPLL spinal cord compression are important factors influencing clinical management and the neurologic state.     

胸椎管狭窄症硬膜骨化的手术策略

目的 探讨胸椎管狭窄症硬膜骨化的手术治疗策略并观察其疗效.方法 2004年1月至2008年6月共收治胸椎管狭窄症患者108例,经手术证实硬膜骨化29例.男19例,女10例;年龄42～74岁,平均56.4岁.病程2～48个月,平均13个月.发生于上胸段(T1～T4)4例,中胸段(T5～T8)5例,下胸段(T9～T12)20例.29例硬膜骨化患者均行后路椎板切除术.16例切开硬膜将骨化硬膜和骨化黄韧带一并切除;13例去薄椎板和致压骨块,最终使硬膜膨胀漂浮,硬膜表面带有部分骨化的残迹.术后1、3、12个月随访时进行日本矫形外科学会(JOA)评分.结果 平均手术时间140 min,平均出血量300 ml.16例切开硬膜者:11例术中修补,伤口放置引流管,24 h后拔除,7例出现脑脊液漏,3～5 d愈合;5例未修补硬膜,密集缝合肌层关闭伤口,术后伤口未放置引流管,脑脊液漏5～7 d愈合.13例漂浮法使硬膜膨胀的病例均未出现脑脊液漏.所有病例均未出现蛛网膜下腔感染,原有神经系统症状未加重.术后根据JOA评分改善率判定治疗结果:优22例,良5例,可2例.结论 对胸椎管狭窄症硬膜骨化采用切开硬膜将骨化的硬膜与骨化的黄韧带一并切除,以及去薄椎板和骨化块使硬膜漂浮膨胀的方法安全、可靠.手术疗效满意,硬膜骨化不影响手术预后,但增加手术的难度和风险.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the surgical strategies of thoracic spinal stenosis with dural ossification. Methods One-hundred and eight patients with thoracic spinal stenosis were treated. Dural ossification was found in 29 cases during operation from January 2004 to June 2008. There were 19 males and 10females, with an average age of 56.4 years (42-74 years). The course of disease was 13 months (2-48months). The lesion was located in T1-T4 in 4 cases, T5-T8 in 5 cases, and T9-T12 in 20 cases. All the patients were treated by posterior lamina resection. Both ossificated dural and ossificated yellow ligament were resected in 16 patients. Decompression was performed with partial ossification remaining on dural surface in 13 cases. JOA score was used to evaluate the outcomes 1, 3 and 12 months after operation. Results The average operation time was 140 min, and average bleeding was 300 ml. Dural incisions were repaired with a wound drainage in 11 cases. Seven cases appeared cerebrospinal fluid leakage which healed in 3-5 days.Dural incisions were not repaired without wound drainage in 5 cases. Cerebrospinal fluid leakage occurred in these cases healed in 5-7 days. Thirteen cases treated with floating method did not appear cerebrospinal fluid leakage. All patients did not undergo subarachnoid infection and the aggravation of original nervous system symptoms. According to JOA score, all patients were evaluated as excellent in 22 cases, good in 5 and fair in 2 cases, and excellent and good rate was 93%. Conclusion For thoracic spinal stenosis with dural ossification, resection of both ossificated dural and ossificated yellow ligament and complete decompression with partial ossification remaining on dural surface is safe and reliable. Dural ossification does not influence the prognosis, but increase operative difficulty and risk.