脊椎结核的CT表现

目的：探讨CT对脊椎结核的诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析52例经手术、病理证实的脊椎结核CT表现，提出诊断和鉴别诊断要点。结果：脊椎结核的主要有CT表现有：骨质破坏、骨质硬化、死骨形成和椎旁软组织肿块或脓肿。碎裂型骨质破坏和椎旁软组织肿块或脓肿是脊椎结核的典型CT表现。结论：CT能对脊椎结核做出准确的诊断与鉴别诊断。     

脊柱结核CT诊断价值(附56例分析)

目的:探讨分析脊柱结核的CT表现及诊断价值。方法:利用螺旋CT对有脊柱结核的56例患者进行扫描。结果:56例有不同程度的骨质破坏、椎旁软组织肿胀、腰大肌脓肿,死骨形成,椎间盘破坏及椎管狭窄。结论:螺旋CT扫描图像清晰,分辨率高,能显示X线检查难以发现的骨质破坏,揭示病变范围及其对椎管的累及程度,有助于对病变的术前评价和术后分析。     

Evaluation of Pott's disease with computed tomography

Summary The CT appearance of eight cases of culture-positive spinal tuberculosis is reviewed. Three patients had single level vertebral involvement, while five others showed multilevel involvement. In seven of eight cases, paraspinal soft tissue involvement was seen. In two, the process caused neurologic symptoms by extending into the epidural space. In three patients the paraspinal extension was not only local, but spread along multiple levels. The CT appearance can be highly suggestive of TB in cases where the diagnosis has not been suspected. In cases where the diagnosis is suspected by plain films, CT can display unsuspected extension of the disease and be helpful in needle localization for aspiration.     

Neuropathic spinal arthropathy: CT and MR findings

The CT and magnetic resonance findings of neuropathic spinal arthropathy in a patient with long-standing complete post-traumatic paraplegia are reported. The arthropathy involved primarily the disk space between the 11th and 12th thoracic vertebrae. The CT changes included vertebral body sclerosis with foci of bone destruction, replacement of the disk space by a soft tissue mass containing bone fragments extending beyond the confines of the vertebral body margins, degenerative changes of the posterior joints, a partially calcified progressively enlarging paraspinal soft tissue mass, and calcification within the spinal canal.     

脊柱区淋巴瘤的MRI特征

目的 分析脊柱区淋巴瘤的MRI表现,以提高对其的认识.方法 回顾性分析经手术及穿刺病理或临床随访证实的脊柱区淋巴瘤45例,其中原发性5例,均为非霍奇金淋巴瘤(NHL);继发性4|D例,其中霍奇金淋巴瘤(HL)9例,NHL 31例(B细胞型27例,T细胞型4例).将MRI表现与临床、病理结果进行对照.结果 (1)病变部位:单部位发病者13例,多部位发病者32例.5例原发性者均为单部位发病,继发性者40例中32例为多发.(2)病变类型:骨质破坏型27例,表现为不同程度的骨质破坏,23例合并有软组织肿块,18例软组织病变的范围超过骨质破坏的范围;软组织肿块型6例,骨质破坏不明显,5例表现为椎管内外软组织肿块并经椎间孔相连,呈围椎、钻孔生长的特点;骨髓浸润型9例,表现为椎骨髓质MRI信号异常,骨皮质完整,椎旁软组织正常;脊髓浸润型3例,表现为脊髓增粗和MRI信号异常.(3)MRI表现:椎骨骨质破坏和骨髓浸润表现为T1WI低信号,T2WI低、等或高信号,压脂T2WI高信号.软组织肿块与相邻正常肌肉相比,T1WI呈均匀低信号,T2WI呈高信号.增强扫描肿块多呈轻至中度强化,坏死液化不明显.结论 脊柱区淋巴瘤多为继发性B细胞NHL,其主要表现是溶骨性骨质破坏伴较大范围的软组织肿块,肿块有经椎间孔相连围椎、钻孔生长的特点,增强扫描呈轻至中度均匀强化.     

Extramedullary paraspinal hematopoiesis in thalassemia: CT and MRI evaluation.

We present a comparative CT and MRI study of the paraspinal extramedullary hematopoiesis in 32 thalassemic patients. The patients were classified into four groups according to the MRI and CT imaging findings. Active recent extramedullary paraspinal hematopoietic masses show soft tissue behavior in both CT and MRI. Older inactive masses reveal iron deposition or fatty replacement. Combined imaging findings of paraspinal extramedullary hematopoiesis revealed the phase of its evolution and the correct diagnosis.     

Computed tomography of axial chordomas

Preoperative computed tomography (CT) of 19 patients with axial chordomas was reviewed. These tumors characteristically feature a well-demarcated paraspinal soft tissue mass which is usually anterolaterally situated and has a homogeneous density comparable to that of muscle. The soft tissue component is disproportionately large compared to the area of bony involvement. Lytic or mixed vertebral lesions were noted. Amorphous calcifications that tended to occur at the periphery of the tumor were particularly common (89%) in chordomas of the sacrum. Epidural extension of tumor was noted in all spinal cases. Although it appears that CT studies will generally not enable a specific diagnosis of chordoma, the above features should alert the examiner to the possibility of this tumor.     

CT and MRI of symptomatic spinal involvement by extramedullary haemopoiesis

Five cases of tumour-like extramedullary haemopoiesis (EH) causing spinal cord compression or back pain are reported. Three patients were suffering from thalassaemia major, one from sickle cell anaemia and one from thalassaemia intermedia. CT findings included soft tissue masses in the epidural space of the spinal canal, spinal cord displacement and involvement of the underlying bone. MRI studies showed masses compressing the spinal cord. On T1-weighted images there was a signal of slightly higher intensity compared to that of the adjacent marrow. CT suggested the diagnosis in four cases (in the fifth it was not performed), while MRI was positive in all five. There was good correlation between the MRI findings and the CT appearance of the EH masses. Our results suggest that MRI may eliminate the need for other diagnostic examinations in the investigation of patients with EH.     

脊柱结核的CT诊断

目的探讨脊柱结核的CT表现及脊柱结核CT检查的重要意义。方法对30例临床和病理确诊的脊柱结核病例的CT表现进行回顾性分析。结果脊柱结核的CT表现包括:(1)椎体及附件不规则虫蚀样和囊状骨质破坏。(2)沙砾样和斑片样死骨形成。(3)椎间盘坏死及椎间隙狭窄、消失。(4)椎旁脓肿、纵隔脓肿、腰大肌脓肿。(5)椎体后部的骨质破坏产生的碎骨片和坏死物质可进入椎管压迫硬膜囊和神经根。(6)椎体塌陷呈楔形。结论CT对脊柱结核的诊断和鉴别诊断有重要价值,尤其脊柱结核对椎体附件和椎管的累及范围、程度可清楚地显示,对指导手术治疗和判断预后有重要意义。     

儿童神经母细胞瘤颅面骨转移的CT和MRI表现

目的：探讨神经母细胞瘤颅面骨转移的CT和MRI特征性表现。方法：回顾性分析6例经病理证实的神经母细胞瘤颅面骨转移患者的CT和MRI资料,分析其影像学特征。6例均行头颅CT平扫,其中2例行头颅MRI平扫和增强检查,6例中5例行腹部CT平扫及增强检查,1例行腹部MRI平扫及增强检查。结果：6例均为双侧颅面骨受累,主要CT表现为颅面骨骨质破坏、骨膜下垂直骨针和软组织肿块,软组织肿块中可见钙化;主要MRI表现为颅骨骨质破坏并软组织肿块,其内有钙化灶,肿块于T1WI上呈等信号,T2WI呈稍高信号,增强后可见肿块和邻近脑膜有不均匀轻度强化。5例腹部CT显示腹膜后肿块并钙化,增强后有不均匀强化。1例MRI显示腹膜后肿块。结论：神经母细胞瘤颅骨转移的CT和MRI表现有一定特征性,CT和MRI对本病的诊断有重要价值。     

脊柱郎格汉斯细胞组织细胞增生症的影像表现及鉴别诊断

目的:探讨脊柱郎格汉斯细胞组织细胞增生症的影像学表现,进一步提高对本病的诊断水平。方法:回顾性分析43例经病理证实的脊柱嗜酸性肉芽肿的X线、CT和MRI表现。结果:35例(35/43)椎体呈楔形改变或椎体变扁,24例呈囊状破坏,7例显示软组织肿块,6例椎间隙变窄。27例患者行CT检查,CT主要表现为椎体不规则破坏和椎旁软组织肿块。15例行MRI检查,显示椎体破坏、信号异常和椎旁软组织肿块,8例软组织肿块在冠状面和矢状面呈"套袖状",相邻椎间盘信号无明显改变。结论:加深对骨嗜酸性肉芽肿病程及影像学表现的认识,能提高对该病的诊断水平,但正确诊断有赖于临床、病理和影像表现相结合。     

脊柱嗜酸性肉芽肿的影像学诊断

目的:探讨脊柱嗜酸性肉芽肿的影像学表现及鉴别诊断.方法:回顾性分析21例经病理证实的脊柱嗜酸性肉芽肿的X线、CT和MRI表现.结果:21例中发生在颈椎5例,胸椎10例,腰椎6例;X线检查示17例(17/21)椎体呈楔形改变或椎体变扁,3例呈囊状破坏,4例显示软组织肿块,3例椎间隙变窄.7例患者行CT检查,CT主要表现为椎体不规则破坏和椎旁软组织肿块.8例行MRI检查,显示椎体破坏、信号异常和椎旁软组织肿块,3例软组织肿块在冠状面和矢状面呈套袖状,相邻椎间盘信号无明显改变.结论:脊柱嗜酸性肉芽肿的影像学表现具有一定的特征性,X线平片是其诊断基础,同时结合CT尤其是MRI检查,能够提高诊断和鉴别诊断能力,但该疾病的正确诊断有赖于临床、病理和影像表现相结合.     

白血病髓外浸润的CT、MRI表现

目的:对比分析白血病髓外浸润的CT、MRI表现,探讨CT、MRI对本病的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析我院2011年3月至2013年10月16例经病理确诊白血病髓外浸润患者的临床和影像资料,探讨CT、MRI表现特点。结果:16例中,脑内及眼眶浸润4例,脑内病变累及颞叶、额叶、顶叶;单纯肺部浸润2例,累及上叶、下叶;肝脾同时浸润6例,均为肝、脾内多灶性病变;肺肝同时浸润2例;骶椎管内外受累2例。肺部病变为多样性,肝脏病变为弥漫性结节性,骶椎管内外受累病变为骨质破坏并软组织肿块。结论:CT、MRI可充分显示白血病髓外浸润所累及器官,但缺乏特征性,诊断仍需结合临床表现、病史、组织学、免疫生化检查等。     

慢性布鲁菌性脊椎炎和脊椎结核CT表现比较

比较慢性布鲁菌性脊椎炎和脊椎结核的ＣＴ特征以及对鉴别诊断的意义。材料与方法，对经临床确诊，Ｘ线阳性的１５例布鱼菌性脊椎炎和１７例脊椎结核患者作了ＣＴ扫描。其中６例布鲁菌病患者于６前前作过同部位ＣＴ扫描。结果：布鲁菌病骨破坏灶小而多发，多局限于椎体边缘，病灶周围明显增生硬化，新生骨组织中又有新破坏灶形成，椎间盘破坏，关节面增生硬化，相邻骨密度增高，少或无椎旁脓疡形成。     

骨和累及骨的外周性原始神经外胚层瘤的临床病理与影像学表现

目的探讨骨和累及骨的外周性原始神经外胚层瘤(pPNETs)的临床病理与影像学表现。资料与方法7例中6例有X线检查、2例有CT检查、4例有MR检查,分析其临床病理和影像学特点。结果6例X线片上均呈溶骨性骨质破坏,其中2例病变区存在骨质硬化,5例合并软组织肿块,均未见骨膜反应。2例CT像上均为溶骨性骨质破坏合并软组织肿块形成,软组织内未见钙化或骨化。MRI检查4例中有3例病变在T1WI呈中等信号,1例在T1WI呈低信号,4例在T2WI上均呈中、高信号,信号不均匀,增强扫描呈中度不均匀强化。4例均合并软组织肿块,其中3例有囊变坏死区。结论影像学上骨内病变呈溶骨性破坏,可伴有病变区的骨质硬化而一般无骨膜反应,并伴有较大软组织肿块者应考虑到pPNETs的可能。     

Brown sequard syndrome secondary to soft tissue infection in a patient with acute lymphocyte leukemia

Summary A 42-year-old Latin American female with acute lymphocytic leukemia in second relapse developed a small ecthymic lesion around the entrance site of a left subclavian line. This was followed by development of left-sided hemiparesis with contralateral loss of pain and temperature sensation. CT of the neck revealed a diffuse inflammatory process with soft tissue involvement and several bubbles of air in the anterior paraspinal muscles and within the spinal canal in the epidural location.     

脊椎结核的CT表现及其应用价值(附48例报告)

目的:讨论脊椎结核的CT表现和CT诊断的价值。材料与方法:本文报告48例脊椎结核患者,均经临床、X线、CT和手术病理证实。男32例,女16例,以30～39岁多见。结果:CT表现为(1)骨质破坏(48例),(2)骨质密度增高(10例),(3)椎间盘破坏(12例),(4)死骨片形成(20例),(5)椎旁脓肿(32例),(6)骨性椎管狭窄(12例)。结论:脊椎结核的CT表现具有一定的特征性,椎体前缘破坏、椎间隙变窄和椎旁脓肿形成为本病的主要CT征象。此外,CT还可以清晰地划出椎管脓肿和椎管内脓肿的大小及范围,显示椎管狭窄的程度,为手术提供依据。     

胸椎骨巨细胞瘤的影像学表现

目的：分析胸椎骨巨细胞瘤的 X 线、CT 和 MRI 影像学特点,提高本病的影像诊断及鉴别诊断能力。方法收集经手术病理证实的9例胸椎骨巨细胞瘤患者的 X 线、CT 和 MRI 资料并对其回顾性分析。7例行 X 线检查,6例行 CT 检查,7例行 MRI检查。结果9例胸椎骨巨细胞瘤中,8例单椎体发病,1例同时累及左侧第9后肋。X 线检查：6例呈溶骨性骨质破坏,1例呈膨胀性骨质破坏;3例边界清楚,3例病变椎体变扁,4例周围见软组织肿块形成。CT 检查：5例呈溶骨性骨质破坏,1例呈膨胀溶骨性骨质破坏;3例边界清楚并可见少许硬化边,4例内见骨嵴影,5例周围见软组织肿块,椎附件、硬膜囊及脊髓不同程度受累及。MRI检查：T1 WI 低信号 5例,等信号2例;T2 WI 等信号 1例,高信号 4例,高低混杂信号2例。结论胸椎骨巨细胞瘤较为少见,应充分分析影像学特点,对提高诊断、指导临床手术治疗及预后有重要的意义。     

Metastatic myxoid liposarcomas: imaging and histopathologic findings

Objective The objective was to describe the imaging and histopathologic characteristics of metastatic myxoid liposarcomas. Materials and methods This retrospective study was approved by the institutional review board and complied with HIPAA guidelines. The study group comprised 12 patients with metastatic myxoid liposarcoma who underwent MRI, CT, or FDG-PET. The location and imaging characteristics of the metastatic lesions were recorded, and the histopathology of all metastatic lesions was reviewed. Results There were 23 histologically proven metastases in 12 patients. Based on imaging criteria, there were 41 metastases. The mean time from the diagnosis of primary tumor to the first metastasis was 4.4 years. Sixty-seven percent of patients had bone and soft tissue metastases, 33% had pulmonary metastases, 33% had liver metastases, 25% had intra-abdominal, and 16% retroperitoneal metastases. CT demonstrated well-defined lobulated masses with soft tissue attenuation in all cases, without macroscopic fat component. In cases of osseous metastases, CT showed mixed lytic and sclerotic foci, with bone destruction in advanced cases. MRI demonstrated fluid-like signal intensity with mild heterogeneous enhancement in cases of soft tissue metastases. In osseous metastases, MRI showed avid heterogeneous enhancement. FDG-PET showed no significant FDG uptake for all metastases. MRI was the most useful imaging modality for osseous and soft tissue metastases. Conclusion Myxoid liposarcomas are soft tissue sarcomas, with a high prevalence of extrapulmonary metastases. The bones and soft tissues were the most common site of involvement, followed by the lungs and liver. MRI was the most sensitive modality in the detection of osseous and soft tissue metastases, and is the recommended modality for the diagnosis and follow-up of bone and soft tissue involvement.     

郎格罕细胞组织细胞增生症的临床影像学分析

目的探讨组织细胞增生症(LCH)的临床影像学特点。方法回顾性分析11例临床证实的LCH,X线检查11例,CT检查1例,MRI检查1例。结果肺部弥漫网点状阴影6例;肝脾肿大6例。骨骼病变中:虫噬样破坏3例,囊样膨胀性改变3例,广泛溶骨性破坏5例;软组织肿块4例;骨膜反应5例。MRI检查1例,骨骼病变呈稍长T1、长T2信号。结论LCH骨骼影像学表现具有特征性:累及长管骨时,多有骨膜反应;累及脊椎骨时,椎间软骨多不受累;所有骨骼病变均可出现软组织肿块。LCH单系统受累患者临床预后较好。