骨折与无骨折史患者的定量超声检查比较

目的用定量超声方法对有骨折史的骨质疏松症患者进行骨量检查。方法用CBA Clinical型定量骨密度超声仪对393例被疑为骨质疏松的患者进行检测,并根据病史按有无骨折史进行分组。分析二组患者宽频超声衰减(BUA)、超声速率(VOS)、强度指数(SI)与骨折次数的关系。结果伴有骨折史的骨质疏松症患者的BUA、VOS、SI值都要比无骨折史的患者明显降低(P=0.000)。结论定量超声值与骨折的发生次数呈负相关,其测定值越低,骨折的发生次数越多;骨的质量下降是造成骨质疏松骨折的主要原因。     

跟骨定量超声筛查老年女性膝骨性关节炎患者骨质疏松的相关性研究

目的 分析老年女性膝骨关节炎患者跟骨定量超声与双能X线吸收(DXA)骨密度测定结果之间的相关性。 方法 以101例老年女性膝骨关节炎患者为研究对象，根据年龄分为3组:﹤65岁38例，65～75岁48例，>75岁15例。均行跟骨定量超声与DXA骨密度检查，分析两者相关性；并以DXA T值评估结果为标准，分析跟骨定量超声相关指标BUA、SOS、T-score和SI对骨质疏松和骨密度降低的诊断效能。 结果 >75岁患者的DXA平均T值明显低于﹤65岁患者和65～75岁患者，组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)；65～75岁患者的BUA、T-score、SI明显低于﹤65岁患者，>75岁患者的BUA、T-score、SI明显低于65～75岁患者，组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。BUA值、T-score、SI与DXA T值具有良好的正相关性(R2=0.3154、0.3207，P<0.05)，三者对骨质疏松和骨密度下降均有良好的诊断效能。BUA值、T-score、SI诊断骨质疏松的最佳工作点分别为:BUA=55.205 dB/MHZ，T-score=-2.47，SI=65.635；诊断骨密度降低的最佳工作点分别为:BUA=60.725 dB/MHZ，T-score=-1.605，SI=79.196。 结论 跟骨定量超声结果BUA和T-score与老年女性膝骨关节炎患者骨密度密切相关，对骨质疏松具有预测作用，有望成为其临床筛查工具。      

南宁市1604例跟骨定量超声测定结果分析

目的：为了解南宁市成人骨质疏松症发病情况。方法：采用UBIS5000型超声跟骨质量测定仪对南宁市1604例成人跟骨定量超声参数进行测定。结果：跟骨超声振幅衰减（BUA）的峰值男女性均在40－49岁年龄组，男性在60岁以后BUA明显下降，女性在50岁后BUA明显下降。超声声速（SOS）的峰值男女性均在20－29岁年龄组，50岁后男女性均明显下降，骨量减少和骨质疏松的患病率。男性于60岁以后明显增加，女性于50岁后明显增加且患病率明显高于男性。结论：骨质疏松症的发生主要见于中老年人；女性患病率高较且较男性早10年左右，多出现于绝经后5－10年；男性主要发生于60岁以后特别是70岁以后；20－50岁人群骨量减少不可忽视。     

藏族妇女跟骨定量超声调查

目的 评价藏族女性跟骨超声参数变化规律以及骨质疏松发病率。方法 用定量超声骨密度仪测定了208例正常藏族女性右跟骨宽带超声衰减、超声声速和骨硬度指数。结果 藏族女性跟骨峰值骨量出现在30～39岁。40岁以后各组与峰值组比较有显著性差异，各组间比较差异显著。40岁以后3组骨质疏松发病率分别为11．76％、22．58％和34．09％。反映增龄性改变BUA最敏感；骨质疏松检出率BUA与STI相同，均大于SOS。结论 跟骨定量超声三种参数均可应用于骨质疏松症检测，BUA反映骨量增龄性改变和OP发病率最敏感。     

跟骨定量超声法评价藏族女性骨丢失和骨质疏松症发病率

目的 应用跟骨超声法评价藏族女性骨丢失和骨质疏松发病率。方法 用定量超声仪测定了208例正常藏族女性右跟骨宽带超声衰减、超声声速和骨硬度指数。结果 藏族妇性跟骨峰值骨量出现在30－39岁。40岁以后各年龄组与峰值组比较以及各组间比较显著性差异。40岁以后3组骨质疏松发病率分别为11.76%、22.58％和34.09%。对骨质疏松的检出率，骨硬率指数（STI）略高于宽带超声衰减指标（BUA），均大于超声声速指标（SOS）；而累计丢失率STI最高，SOS最低。结论 跟骨定量超声3种参数均可应用于骨质疏松症检测，STI反映骨丢失和骨质疏松发病率最敏感。     

跟骨定量超声和双能X线吸收法测定女性骨密度

目的:探讨女性跟骨定量超声(QUS)的临床意义及与双能X线吸收法(DEXA)的相关研究.方法:511例20～83岁女性的跟骨定量超声测定、骨密度(BMD)测定及研究.结果:女性跟骨超声振幅衰减(BUA)、超声传导速度(SOS)和刚度(SI)与腰椎(L2-4),股骨近端(颈部Neck,三角区Ward's,转子Troch,Total)BMD中度相关(r=0.447～0.625);女性跟骨BUA、SOS和SI在50岁以后明显下降;绝经后妇女BUA、SOS和SI明显低于未绝经妇女,并随绝经时间延长逐渐下降;骨质疏松症组明显低于对照组.结论:跟骨定量超声能反映健康妇女骨质随年龄的变化,是一种较理想的诊断骨质疏松症的手段,值得推广应用.     

定量超声在评价早期类风湿性关节炎病人骨量变化中的应用价值

目的：探讨定量超声诊断早期类风湿性关节炎（RA）病人骨量变化的临床应用价值。方法：采用跟骨超声仪测量早期RA病人30例及与其相匹配的健康人30例的双足跟骨,主要诊断参数包括宽带超声振幅衰减（BUA）、超声传导速度（SOS）和超声硬度指数（STI）,对两组的测量参数进行比较,并同时分析RA者骨质疏松发生率。结果：RA组BUA和STI明显低于对照组（均P〈0．01）,差异有显著性;而SOS和OP发生率与对照组比较差异均无统计学意义（均P〉0．05）;两组左右跟骨的BUA、SOS及STI比较差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。RA病人中活动组BUA及STI值显著低于非活动组（均P（0．01）,SOS两组间比较差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。结论：跟骨定量超声BUA测值减低可反映早期RA骨量丢失的程度及评价疾病的活动性。STI作为骨质量的综合评价指标,对早期RA病人的骨量丢失也有一定的意义。     

跟骨骨超声衰减与血脂、非酒精性脂肪肝的相关性研究

目的探讨男性跟骨骨超声衰减值（BUA）与脂代谢、非酒精性脂肪肝（NAFLD）的关系,了解男性骨质疏松的代谢性危险因素。方法对110名男性应用超声骨密度测量仪测量跟骨骨超声衰减值,同时检测血脂、血糖、肝肾功、脂肪肝等指标。结果血脂的各个亚组分中,低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）与BUA呈负相关（r=-0．17,P=0．001）,血脂的其他亚组分及脂肪肝与BUA无显著相关性。结论对于男性骨质疏松患者,高LDL—C水平可能是其危险因素之一。     

糖脂代谢紊乱对桡骨骨折老年患者骨质疏松的影响

目的：观察血糖、血脂水平紊乱对桡骨骨折老年患者罹患骨质疏松的影响。方法：桡骨骨折老年患者60例均使用定量超声骨密度仪检测桡骨部位的骨密度值,根据是否罹患骨质疏松症分为观察组34例与对照组26例。每组患者均检测空腹血糖（FBG）和血脂水平[甘油三酯（TG）、胆固醇（TC）、高密度脂蛋白（HDL-C）和低密度脂蛋白（LDL-C）]。将FBG、TG、TC等水平与BMD值进行直线相关分析。并使用ROC曲线对桡骨骨折老年患者罹患骨质疏松进行诊断性分析。结果：观察组患者空腹血糖（6.23±1.45mmol/L）、血脂水平：TC（5.98±2.10mmol/L）、TG（1.79±0.99mmol/L）、LDL-C（3.24±0.75mmol/L）、HDL-C（1.35±0.40mmol/L）均显著高于对照组（P均＜0.05）,而骨密度值（94.52±12.43mg/cm2）明显低于对照组（P＜0.05）;通过直线相关可见,观察组患者血糖、血脂水平与其骨密度值均呈负相关（r=-0.945、-0.974、-0.963,P均<0.01）。ROC曲线诊断提示：血糖、血脂水平与桡骨骨折老年患者骨密度关系密切。结论：糖脂代谢紊乱是桡骨骨折老年患者罹患骨质疏松的重要原因。FBG、TG、TC水平是预测桡骨骨折老年患者骨质疏松的有效指标。     

Graves病骨超声测量和骨代 谢状况初探

目的：测定Graves病患者跟骨超声声速（SOS）、超声振幅衰减（BUA）以及骨代谢生化指标,了解Graves病中骨质疏松占比例,同时证明骨质疏松是属于高转换,对骨质疏松治疗有借鉴作用。方法：应用法国UBIS3000型超声波骨质测定仪测定68例Graves病患者,40例健康人右跟骨SOS、BUA,同时测定血清骨钙素（BGP）及酸性磷酸酶（ACP）的水平。结果：Graves病患者SOS及BUA低于健康人组（P＜0．01）骨钙素,酸性磷酸酶高于健康人组（P＜0．01）且与SOS、BUA呈明显负相关,FT3与骨转换指标呈正相关,而与SOS呈负相关,并提出Graves病患者骨质疏松发生率为29．4％。结论：Graves病患者存在高转换型骨质疏松。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.