外周血T淋巴细胞亚群及血清sIL—2R检测在慢性乙型肝炎病人中…

应用双抗体夹心法检测了５４例慢性乙型肝炎、肝硬化患者血清可溶性白介素２受体，以及应用单克隆抗体和ＡＰＡＡＰ法对Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群进行了检测，结果显示慢性乙型肝炎病人血清ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ明显高于对照组，并且其升高与血清胆红素水平相关；而病人ＯＫＴ３细胞与正常对照无显著差异，ＯＫＴ４阳性细胞比例下降，ＯＫＴ８阳性细胞比例增加，ＯＫＴ４／ＯＫＴ８比值下降，各临床类型中以重症肝炎ＯＫＴ４／ＯＫＴ８比值下降显著，其     

慢性肺心病患者的免疫功能与临床观察

作者对２０例肺心病患者作免疫功能动态观察发现其发作期外周血ＯＫＴ３，ＯＫＴ４显著降低，ＯＫＴ８无明显变化，Ｔ４／Ｔ８显著低于对照组。缓解后的ＯＫＴ３，ＯＫＴ４显著回升，但仍显著低于对照组，且ＯＫＴ８下降显著，故Ｔ４／Ｔ８与对照组相近。发作期其ＩｇＧ，ＩｇＡ，ＩｇＭ均显著增高，而Ｃ３显著降低与ＣＩＣ显著增高，缓解后除ＩｇＡ仍增高外，余无显著性差异。进而发现，发作期时Ｔ４／Ｔ８与Ｃ３呈高度正相关，而与     

外周血T淋巴细胞亚群及血清sIL-2R检测在慢性乙型肝炎病人中的意义

应用双抗体夹心法检测了５４例慢性乙型肝炎、肝硬化患者血清可溶性白介素２受体（ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ），以及应用单克隆抗体和ＡＰＡＡＰ法对Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群进行了检测，结果显示慢性乙型肝炎病人血清ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ明显高于对照组，并且其升高与血清胆红素水平相关；而病人ＯＫＴ３细胞与正常对照无显著差异，ＯＫＴ４阳性细胞比例下降，ＯＫＴ８阳性细胞比例增加，ＯＫＴ４／ＯＫＴ８比值下降，各临床类型中以重症肝炎ＯＫＴ４／ＯＫＴ８比值下降显著，其次为慢活肝，说明随着肝细胞损伤程度加重，免疫紊乱状态更加严重。     

病毒性肝炎患者周围血T淋巴细胞亚群测定的临床意义

本文对１５０例甲，乙型病毒性肝炎病毒，３０例慢性血吸虫病患者和１４０例正常人作周围血Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群，细胞膜表面免疫球蛋白和Ｅ玫瑰花结形成细胞等检测。其结果表明，急，慢性病毒性肝炎患者与正常人比较，除ＥＲＦＣ明显较低外，其周围血ＯＫＴ３，ＯＫＴ４，ＯＫＴ８和ＳｍＩｇ均明显增高，尤以急性乙肝患者和血清ＨＢＶ－ＤＮＡ及ＨＢｅＡｇ阳性者更为明显。ＯＫＴ４／ＯＫＴ８比值下降，与对照组比较均有显著性差异。     

乙肝患者外周血B细胞和T细胞及其亚群的研究

应用免疫学技术对乙肝患者进行了外用血Ｂ细胞和Ｔ细胞及其亚群的测定，结果发现，乙肝患者Ｂ细胞明显高于正常人（Ｐ〈０．０１），ＯＫＴ３，ＯＫＴ４，ＯＫＴ４／ＯＫＴ８比值明显地低于正常人（Ｐ〈０．０１），ＯＫＴ８明显地高于人（Ｐ〈０．０１），说明乙肝患者是一种免疫调节异常的一种自身免疫性疾病。     

慢性血吸虫病患者周围血淋巴细胞亚群测定的临床意义

本文对３０例慢性血吸虫病患者，１４０例正常人和８２例各型病毒性肝炎患者作周围血Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群、细胞膜表面免疫球蛋白（ＳｍＩｇ）和Ｅ玫瑰花结形成细胞（ＥＲＦＣ）等检测。其结果表明：（１）慢性血吸虫病患者周围血Ｔ淋巴细胞的总Ｔ细胞（ＯＫＴ３）和辅助Ｔ细胞（ＯＫＴ４）及ＥＲＦＣ均明显低于正常人，而抑制杀伤Ｔ细胞（ＯＫＴ８）和ＳｍＩｇ却明显高于正常人，这可能与血吸虫发育过程中虫源性因子的释放有关。（２）急性和慢性病毒性肝炎患者与正常人比较，除ＥＲＦＣ明显较低外，其周围血ＯＫＴ３，ＯＫＴ４，ＯＫＴ８和ＳｍＩｇ均明显较高。血吸虫病患者和病毒性肝炎患者之间的ＯＫＴ８和ＳｍＩｇ无显著性差异而ＯＫＴ３和ＯＫＴ４则有不同，可能与其免疫病理有关。     

老年高血压性心脏病患者T淋巴细胞亚群的改变及其与心脏结构功能的相关性

以单克隆抗体免疫花环法对２２例老年高血压性心脏病患者周围血Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群进行检测，并与心脏结构功能参数进行相关分析。发现老年及老年前期高心病患者ＣＤ３、ＣＤ４、ＣＤ８细胞数量较年龄配对的正常对照组呈不同程度降低，以ＣＤ８细胞数量降低更明显，ＣＤ４／ＣＤ８比值明显升高，这两项指标与左心室舒张末期内径呈明显负相关。提示Ｔ淋巴细胞数量，尤其是ＣＤ８细胞数量减少，可能为老年高血压性心脏病患者免疫状态紊乱的重要环节。     

老年脑梗塞患者血浆内皮素水平的变化及意义

应用放射免疫分析法测定了４０例老年脑梗塞患者血浆内皮素（ＥＴ１）水平，并对另１０例缓慢进展型脑梗塞患者做了动态观察，结果发现老年脑梗塞患者血浆ＥＴ１水平显著高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１），并与病情轻重有关，其重度脑梗塞患者血浆ＥＴ１水平（１８．８±４．３ｐｇ／ｍｌ）明显高于轻、中度者（１５．３±３．６ｐｇ／ｍｌ），Ｐ＜０．０５；缓慢进展型脑梗塞患者血浆ＥＴ１水平随发病时间延长而递增，提示ＥＴ１可能是老年脑梗塞发病和进展过程的重要因素。     

血液病患者外周血IL－2活性的观察

采用ＣｏｎＡ诱导的外周血淋巴细胞产生的白细胞介素Ⅲ（ＩＬ－２），用活化的Ｃ５７ＢＬ／ｂ小鼠脾细胞为反应细胞，以３Ｈ－ＴｄＲＤＮＡ掺入法测定５５例血液病患者ＩＬ－２活性，结果表明：①白血病及淋巴瘤、多发性骨髓瘤和由实体瘤引起的继发性贫血３３例其外周血ＩＬ－２活性与正常对照组相比明显降低（Ｐ＜０．００１）。②原发性血小板减少性紫癜（ＩＴＰ）７例其ＩＬ－２活性与对照组差异显著（Ｐ＜０．００１），其Ｔ细胞亚群ＯＫＴ４／Ｔ８＜Ｉ和Ｌ－２活性降低呈正相关，ＯＫＴ８百分值明显高于正常。     

慢性肺心病患者免疫功能的研究

我们应用ＡＰＡＡＰ方法测定了慢性心病患者的淋巴细胞亚群ＣＤ３、ＣＤ４、ＣＤ８及ＣＤ１６，同时测定了部分体液免疫指标。结果表明：①急性发作期患者ＣＤ３、ＣＤ４、ＣＤ１６及ＣＤ４／ＣＤ８比值均显著降低（Ｐ〈０．００１），ＣＤ３、ＣＤ４、及ＣＤ４／ＣＤ８比值与ＰａＯ２呈显著正相关（Ｐ〈０．０１）；其血清ＩｇＡ、ＩｇＡ、ＩｇＭ水平无明显增高，而血清ＩｇＥ、ＣＩＣ水平显著升高（Ｐ〈０．０１），Ｃ３显著降低（     

Abnormalities of peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets in polymyalgia rheumatica

The T lymphocyte subsets were studied by monoclonal antibodies in the blood of eight patients with polymyalgia rheumatica. The percentages of circulating T cells (OKT3+) were lower when compared with normal controls (p less than 0.02), as were the proportions of suppressor/cytotoxic (OKT8+) T cells (p less than 0.001), whereas the proportions of helper/inducer (OKT4+) T lymphocytes were not changed. Consequently, the OKT4:OKT8 ratio was higher in patients with polymyalgia rheumatica than in controls (p less than 0.001). On the contrary, circulating B cells were not altered. The decrease in peripheral blood OKT3+ and OKT8+ lymphocyte subsets suggests that there is an impairment of cell-mediated immunity in polymyalgia rheumatica.     

Peripheral blood T lymphocyte subpopulations determined by monoclonal antibodies in active rheumatoid arthritis

The introduction of an automated flow cytofluorograph has facilitated the detection of T lymphocyte subsets because it enables a larger number of cells to be analyzed. Many authors have reported a decrease of cytotoxic/suppressor T lymphocytes in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), in contrast to the results of other workers. We believe that the discrepancy between the various studies is due to the fact that different methods and different criteria for patient selection were used. Our study comprised a larger number of patients which makes the results suitable for statistical inference. Disease activity is clearly defined and all drugs that could alter the results were excluded. The use of a flow cytometer enhances the reliability of T lymphocyte subset determination by monoclonal antibodies (OKT series). Our study confirms the reports, which suggested that the number of suppressor/cytotoxic T lymphocytes (OKT8+ cells/mm3) is decreased in patients with active RA, resulting in a high T helper/inducer lymphocyte/T suppressor/cytotoxic lymphocyte ratio (OKT4+:OKT8+). This immune balance represents an interesting feature of the disease, since several active antirheumatic drugs share a common immunomodulatory action, which normalizes the OKT4+:OKT8+ ratio. Finally, we found a good correlation between the OKT4+ cells and OKT8+ cells in the normal control population. This observation enabled us to isolate a subgroup of active patients with RA not responding to slow acting antirheumatic drugs and characterized by a low OKT4+:OKT8+ ratio.     

Influence of testosterone therapy on clinical and immunological features of autoimmune diseases associated with Klinefelter's syndrome

To examine the role of sex steroid hormones in the development of autoimmune diseases, we studied five patients with Klinefelter's syndrome associated with autoimmune disease, three of whom had Sj?gren's syndrome (SS) and two of whom had systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Serum testosterone (T) and LH levels, antinuclear antibodies (ANA) and rheumatoid factor (RF) titers, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), hemolytic complement (CH50) levels, and peripheral T lymphocyte subsets (OKT3+, OKT4+, and OKT8+) were measured before treatment, after 60 days of placebo treatment, and after 60 days of oral T undecanoate (TU) treatment. Before treatment and after placebo, with respect to normal men, the patients had lower serum T and higher LH levels, lower percentages and absolute values of OKT3+ (total T lymphocytes) and OKT8+ (suppressor/cytotoxic T lymphocytes) cells, and, consequently, an increased OKT4/OKT8 ratio. Hemolytic complement (CH50) in serum was below normal in the two patients with SLE, while it was normal in the patients with SS. The ESR was above normal in all patients, and all had high titers of ANA and RF. After TU therapy, serum T levels increased and LH levels decreased, but not to normal. OKT3+ and OKT8+ cells and the OKT4/OKT8 ratio became normal, and RF and ANA titers decreased. The CH50 level did not change in the SS patients, while it increased to normal in the two patients with SLE. The ESR decreased in all patients during therapy. Furthermore, after TU therapy, both the SS and SLE patients had a clinical remission of their autoimmune disease. Our results indicate a therapeutic effect of T on autoimmune diseases in patients with hypogonadism and Klinefelter's syndrome.     

Peripheral T-lymphocyte subsets changes in patients with endocrine and metabolic diseases

In this study the authors utilized the OKT monoclonal anti-human T lymphocyte antibodies to determine the normal level of T lymphocyte subsets in the peripheral blood of 30 healthy volunteers, 36 patients with Graves' disease (GD), 4 with hypothyroidism and 30 with diabetes mellitus (DM). It is shown that OKT+3, OKT+4 OKT+8 and OKT+4/OKT+8 ratio of T-lymphocyte subsets in the peripheral blood of 30 healthy volunteers were 72.4 +/- 5.1%, 38.9 +/- 5.2%, 26.8 +/- 4.3% and 1.5 +/- 0.3. In 36 patients with GD OKT+3 was 67.6 +/- 5.8%, OKT+4 was 33.8 +/- 6.6% and OKT+8 was 17.9 +/- 6.1%. These were all significantly lower than those of normal controls (P less than 0.001). OKT+4/OKT+8 ratio was 2.1 +/- 0.6, which was significantly higher (P less than 0.001). The value of OKT+4 and OKT+8 in 10 patients with GD after treatment were markedly elevated. However, the ratio of OKT+4/OKT+8 was significantly decreased (P less than 0.05). OKT+3 of 4 cases of hypothyroidism was 69.7 +/- 3.35%, being similar to that of normal controls (P greater than 0.2). OKT+4 and OKT+8 were 31.73 +/- 4.99% and 18 +/- 2.94% respectively, both of which being markedly decreased (P less than 0.01). The ratio of OKT+4/OKT+8 was 1.97 +/- 0.22, being not significantly elevated (P greater than 0.05). OKT+3, OKT+4 and OKT+8 of 23 cases with DM were 68.8 +/- 7.2% (P less than 0.05), 33 +/- 8.1% (P less than 0.005), and 21.2 +/- 6.5% (P less than 0.001) respectively. All of these were significantly decreased. The ratio of OKT+4/OKT+8 was 1.6 +/- 0.5, being not significantly changed.     

Study of IgE and T lymphocyte subsets in patients with serious bronchial asthma

In the present study, 30 patients with serious asthma were selected for the investigation of IgE and T lymphocyte subsets in PBL. By the indirect McAb immuno-SPA assay, it was observed that the percentages of OKT3 and OKT8 but the percentage of OKT4 subset and T4/T8 ratio were significantly higher than those of normal persons (P less than 0.01). The total IgE in serum of patients (performed by ELISA) was also much higher than that of normal persons (P less than 0.05). In addition, there was a closed relationship between the level of IgE and the percentage of OKT of the patients (r = 0.37369, P less than 0.05). The results indicated that one of possible reasons of higher IgE in serum of asthma patients was the abnormality of T lymphocyte subsets in vivo.     

A case of myocarditis with immunological identification of myocardial and peripheral lymphocyte subsets

Immunological identification of lymphocyte subsets in a patient with myocarditis revealed an increase in myocardial OKT 11 (pan T), OKT 4 (inducer/helper T) and OKT 8 (suppressor/cytotoxic T) subsets associated with a transient decrease in the percentage of circulating OKT 3 (pan T) and OKT 4 (inducer/helper T) subsets. This decrease may be explained by the accumulation of these subsets in the diseased myocardium. Specific antigenic markers on lymphocytes at the site of myocardial inflammation in the acute stage of myocarditis differ from those on corresponding peripheral lymphocytes. This observation may highlight the immuno-pathogenetic mechanisms involved in the development of myocarditis.     

Cytochemistry of normal lymphocyte subsets defined by monoclonal antibodies and immunocolloidal gold

The cytochemical reactivities of 3 acid hydrolases, alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE), acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase were investigated in normal peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets defined by monoclonal antibodies OKT3, 4, 8 and FMC4 (anti-Ia). A combined monoclonal antibody-immunocolloidal gold/cytochemical staining procedure was used to determine enzyme activities and distributions of reaction product in each subset. Cytochemical profiles for each lymphocyte subset were defined. The majority (greater than 85%) of T cells (OKT3+) were positive for all 3 enzymes whereas a minority (less than 40%) of B cells (FMC4+) displayed reactivity. The cytochemical profiles of T helper/inducer (OKT4+) and T suppressor/cytotoxic (OKT8+) cells were not significantly different and corresponded to that observed for OKT3+ cells; thus none of these enzymes can be used to distinguish normal lymphocyte subsets cytochemically. ANAE reactions were further analysed, in the respective subsets, on the basis of dot-like or scattered/diffuse reactivity. The ratios of cells displaying dot-like: scattered/diffuse reactivity, in the respective subsets, were OKT3+, 5.4:1; OKT4+, 8.1:1; OKT8+, 2.4:1; FMC4+, 0.4:1. The cytochemical profiles and ANAE reactivities of T cell subsets identified by monoclonal antibodies differ from those displayed by T cell subsets defined by Fc receptors and confirms that there is little correlation between subsets defined by these two methods.     

Evaluation of lymphocyte subsets after autologous bone marrow transplantation with marrow treated by ASTA Z 7557 in acute leukemia: incidence of the in vitro treatment

The lymphocyte subset reconstitution after high-dose chemotherapy and total body irradiation followed by autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT) has been studied in ten patients with acute leukemia (AL) (6 ALL and 4 ANLL) in complete remission (CR). Bone marrow was treated in vitro with high-dose ASTA Z 7557, individually determined according to CFU-GM sensitivity. The different peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets were characterized by means of monoclonal antibodies (indirect immunofluorescence assay) belonging to the following classes of differentiation: OKT11-T11 (CD2), OKT3-T3 (CD3), OKT4-T4 (CD4), OKT8-T8 (CD8), OKIal-I2 (HLA-DR), Leu7 (natural killer/killer) and by means of polyspecific antiimmunoglobulin sera (direct immunofluorescence assay). Data in these ten patients were compared with those of a control group of 21 normal donors and with a control group of 14 patients in CR without ABMT. Our results showed a marked depression of the T4:T8 ratio in patients with AL before ABMT, compared with normal donors who had respective values of 1.02 and 1.33 (p less than 0.01). This depression was increased and prolonged up to day 515 after ABMT, with a value of 0.32 (p less than 0.01 compared with the pregraft situation; p less than 0.001 compared with normal donors). This T4:T8 ratio imbalance was related to the depletion of the T4+ population and to the increase of the T8+ subset. This imbalance was emphasized after ABMT. The Leu 7+ population was also increased in grafted patients compared with normal donors (p less than 0.01). The B-cell population remained unchanged throughout the study. We conclude that patients autografted with marrow treated in vitro by high-dose ASTA Z 7557 may experience a long-term T-cell subset imbalance.     

Analysis with OKT monoclonal antibodies of T-lymphocyte subsets present in blood and liver of patients with chronic active hepatitis

The relative distribution of T lymphocyte subsets, as defined by the monoclonal antibodies OKT, was determined by cytofluorimetric analysis in peripheral blood and in cells isolated from liver biopsies of 31 patients with chronic active hepatitis (CAH). The percentage of peripheral blood lymphocytes binding OKT8 (directed against cytotoxic/suppressor T cells) was found to be elevated in patients with HBsAg and HBeAg positive chronic active hepatitis. Patients with CAH who had seroconverted to anti-HBe, had an increased number of OKT3-positive cells in their blood, which was directed against a common T cell surface antigen, associated with a decreased number of OKT8 positive cells. Lymphocytes isolated from liver biopsies of patients with CAH presented a general increase of OKT8-positive cells associated with a decreased number of OKT4-positive (helper/inducer) T cells. It is likely that OKT8-positive cells found in liver biopsies represent cytotoxic T cells directed against either viral or liver cell determinants.