结直肠癌同时性肝转移同期切除切口与近期预后探讨

目的：结直肠癌同时性肝转移（synchronous colorectal liver metastases ,sCRLM ）同期切除时,切口是外科医生需要考虑的技术问题。本研究旨在探讨切口对同期切除近期预后的影响。方法：回顾性分析2009年1 月至2014年12月北京大学肿瘤医院肝胆胰外Ⅱ科37例同期切除的sCRLM 患者的临床数据。结果：Mercedes 切口（Mer）组19例,正中切口（Mid）组18例。2 组间患者一般情况、大体积肝切除比例、手术时间、术中出血量、术中第一肝门阻断时间无显著性差异。正中切口组中直肠患者更多（P < 0.001）。 2 组共发生并发症11例（32.4%）,其中Mer组9 例（47.4%）,Mid组3 例（16.7%）,两组比较无显著性差异（P = 0.08）。 术后住院时间 Mer组（22.1 ± 9.5）d,Mid组（17.2 ± 6.7）d,两组比较无显著性差异（P = 0.08）。当患者 BMI（bodymassindex）< 25时,并发症Mer组5 例（38.5%）,Mid组0 例（0%）,两组比较有显著性差异（P = 0.046）。 术后住院时间Mer 组（22.1 ± 10.5）d,Mid组（15.7 ± 5.3）d,P = 0.051。结论：sCRLM 患者进行同期切除时,正中切口可以满足术野暴露要求,相比Mercedes 切口,对直肠术野的暴露更有优势;当BMI<25时,正中切口可能会有更好的近期预后。     

Biology of colorectal liver metastases: A review

Metastatic growth is a selective, non-random process, which in the case of colorectal cancer, frequently occurs in the liver and is the major cause of cancer related death in these patients. This review summarises attempts to find biological and molecular markers of metastasis and their role in establishment of secondary tumours. Recent evidence suggests that liver metastases are phenotypically different to the primary from which they were derived and thus represent a separate disease entity.     

A contemporary systematic review on liver transplantation for unresectable liver metastases of colorectal cancer

The 5-year overall survival rate of a patient with unresectable metastatic colorectal cancer is poor at approximately 14%. Similarly, historical data on liver transplantation (LT) in those with colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) showed poor outcomes, with 5-year survival rates between 12% and 21%. More recently, limited data have shown improved outcomes in select patients with 5-year overall survival rates of approximately 60%. Despite these reported survival improvements, there is no significant improvement in disease-free survival. Given the uncertain benefit with this therapeutic approach and a renewed investigational interest, we aimed to conduct a contemporary systematic review on LT for CRLM. A systematic review of the literature was performed according to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis statement. English articles reporting on data regarding LT for CRLM were identified through the MEDLINE (via PubMed), Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases (last search date: December 16th, 2021) by 2 researchers independently. A total of 58 studies (45 published and 13 ongoing) were included. Although early retrospective studies suggest the possibility that some carefully selected patients may benefit from LT, there is minimal prospective data on the topic and LT remains exploratory in the setting of CRLM. Additionally, several other challenges, such as the limited availability of deceased donor organs and defining appropriate selection criteria, remain when considering the implementation of LT for these patients. Further evidence from ongoing prospective trials is needed to determine if and to what extent there is a role for LT in patients with surgically unresectable CRLM.     

Laparoscopic liver resection for colorectal liver metastases — short- and long-term outcomes: A systematic review

BACKGROUNDFor well-selected patients and procedures, laparoscopic liver resection (LLR) has become the gold standard for the treatment of colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) when performed in specialized centers. However, little is currently known concerning patient-related and peri-operative factors that could play a role in survival outcomes associated with LLR for CRLM.AIMTo provide an extensive summary of reported outcomes and prognostic factors associated with LLR for CRLM.METHODSA systematic search was performed in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library using the keywords “colorectal liver metastases”, “laparoscopy”, “liver resection”, “prognostic factors”, “outcomes” and “survival”. Only publications written in English and published until December 2019 were included. Furthermore, abstracts of which no accompanying full text was published, reviews, case reports, letters, protocols, comments, surveys and animal studies were excluded. All search results were saved to Endnote Online and imported in Rayyan for systematic selection. Data of interest were extracted from the included publications and tabulated for qualitative analysis.RESULTSOut of 1064 articles retrieved by means of a systematic and grey literature search, 77 were included for qualitative analysis. Seventy-two research papers provided data concerning outcomes of LLR for CRLM. Fourteen papers were eligible for extraction of data concerning prognostic factors affecting survival outcomes. Qualitative analysis of the collected data showed that LLR for CRLM is safe, feasible and provides oncological efficiency. Multiple research groups have reported on the short-term advantages of LLR compared to open procedures. The obtained results accounted for minor LLR, as well as major LLR, simultaneous laparoscopic colorectal and liver resection, LLR of posterosuperior segments, two-stage hepatectomy and repeat LLR for CRLM. Few research groups so far have studied prognostic factors affecting long-term outcomes of LLR for CRLM.CONCLUSIONIn experienced hands, LLR for CRLM provides good short- and long-term outcomes, independent of the complexity of the procedure.     

结直肠癌肝转移患者行全腹腔镜与腹腔镜辅助同期切除手术的疗效观察

目的 探讨结直肠癌肝转移(CRLM)患者采用全腹腔镜与腹腔镜辅助同期切除术治疗的临床疗效比较.方法 选取2010年2月至2015年4月间大连大学附属新华医院收治的68例CRLM同期切除患者,采用随机数表法分为辅助组和全镜组,每组34例.辅助组患者采用腹腔镜结直肠癌(CRC)根治术联合开腹CRLM切除术治疗,全镜组患者采...     

Liver metastases from colorectal cancer: Technique of liver resection

Liver resection has become standard for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC): anterior approach, hanging manoeuvre, or total vascular exclusion techniques as well as 3‐dimensional imaging enable safe resections even in difficult cases. Furthermore, modern chemotherapy, portal vein embolization/ligation, and two‐stage procedures increase the resectability of metastasis, and repeat resections are feasible for recurrence. In addition to characteristics of the primary, CEA, extent of metastasis, resection margins, and extrahepatic disease, hilar lymph node metastases appear prognostic. J. Surg. Oncol. 2013;107:579–584. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

The impact of synchronous liver resection on the risk of anastomotic leakage following elective colorectal resection. A propensity score match analysis on behalf of the iCral study group

Introductionhow best to manage patients with colorectal cancer and synchronous liver metastasis is still controversial, with specific concerns of increased risk of postoperative complications following combined resection. We aimed at analyzing the influence of combined liver resection on the risk of anastomotic leak (AL) following colorectal resection.Methodswe reviewed the iCral prospectively maintained database to compare the relative risk of AL of patients undergoing colorectal resection for cancer to that of patients receiving simultaneous liver and colorectal resection for cancer with isolated hepatic metastases. The incidence of AL was the primary outcome of the analysis. Perioperative details and postoperative complications were also appraised.Resultsout of a total of 996 patients who underwent colorectal resection for cancer, 206 receiving isolated colorectal resection were compared with a matched group of 53 patients undergoing simultaneous liver and colorectal resection. Combined surgery had greater operative time and resulted in longer postoperative hospitalization compared to colorectal resection alone. The proportion of overall morbidity following combined resection was significantly higher than after isolated colorectal resection (56.6% vs. 37.9%, p = 0.021). Overall, the two groups of patients did not differ neither on the rate of major postoperative complications, nor in terms of AL (9.4% vs. 6.3%, p = 0.381). At specific multivariate analysis, the duration of surgery was the only risk factor independently associated with the likelihood of AL.Conclusionscombining hepatic with colorectal resection for the treatment of synchronous liver metastasis from colorectal cancer does not increase significantly the incidence of AL.     

Diagnostic evaluation and survival analysis of colorectal cancer patients with liver metastases

Clinical features and their prognostic value were evaluated in 83 colorectal cancer patients with liver metastasis. The clinical features analysed included presenting symptoms and signs, liver function tests, extent of liver involvement, associated extrahepatic tumor growth, and physical condition of the patients. Overall median survival time after diagnosis of liver metastases was 8.4 months. Prognostic factors related to survival were symptoms, when referable to liver metastasis, and 5' Nt. Information is supplied to survey what selection of patients should be considered for various treatment options. A predominance of the patients showed bilobar liver involvement (79.6%), extrahepatic tumor growth (49.4%), or had an unresectable primary tumor (30.1%), thus leaving only 6% of the patients with liver metastases for surgical treatment with the intention of cure.     

结直肠癌肝转移外科治疗策略

目前手术切除是结直肠癌肝转移（CRLM）唯一具有治愈可能的治疗方式。近年来随着全身化疗及靶向药物的发展、肝动脉灌注化疗的应用,对于CRLM 治疗的有效率明显升高,通过手术获益的患者逐渐增多;而如射频消融、二步切除等外科技术的进步,也为更多CRLM 患者提供了治愈的机会。多学科诊疗模式（MDT ）也为更多CRLM 患者的个体化诊治创造了机会,使未来CRLM 的治疗向更加精准的方向发展。     

腹腔镜结直肠癌切除术的长期疗效及临床意义

腹腔镜技术用于结直肠癌的治疗已有十余年历史,方法的安全性与可行性已被明确证实.在结直肠癌根治性切除中,腹腔镜能否达到与开腹术相同的肿瘤学结局,曾存在争议.本文对近期世界范围内一些主要的大型随机对照研究进行了系统回顾,结果显示,腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术在肿瘤切除的可靠性、切口复发及长期疗效等方面,均可获得至少与开腹术等同的肿瘤学结局.从而表明,腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术是具有与开腹术至少相当的肿瘤学疗效,同时又有微创手术诸多优点的一种安全、可靠的手术方式.     

Prognostic models for outcome following liver resection for colorectal cancer metastases: A systematic review

Background

Liver resection provides the best chance for cure in colorectal cancer (CRC) liver metastases. A variety of factors that might influence survival and recurrence have been identified. Predictive models can help in risk stratification, to determine multidisciplinary treatment and follow-up for individual patients.

Aims

To systematically review available prognostic models described for outcome following resection of CRC liver metastases and to assess their differences and applicability.

Methods

The Pubmed, Embase and Cochrane Library databases were searched for articles proposing a prognostic model or risk stratification system for resection of CRC liver metastases. Search terms included ‘colorectal’, ‘liver’, ‘metastasis’, ‘resection’, ‘prognosis’ and ‘prediction’. The articles were systematically reviewed.

Results

Fifteen prognostic systems were identified, published between 1996 and 2009. The median study population was 305 patients and the median follow-up was 32 months. All studies used Cox proportional hazards for multi-variable analysis. No prognostic factor was common in all models, though there was a tendency towards the number of metastases, CRC spread to lymph nodes, maximum size of metastases, preoperative CEA level and extrahepatic spread as representing independent risk factors. Seven models assigned more weight to selected factors considered of higher predictive value.

Conclusion

The existing predictive models are diverse and their prognostic factors are often not weighed according to their impact. For the development of future predictive models, the complex relations within datasets and differences in relevance of individual factors should be taken into account, for example by using artificial neural networks.     

结直肠癌伴同时肝转移患者同期切除术后预后风险模型的创建及应用

目的:探讨结直肠癌伴同时肝转移（synchronous colorectal liver metastasis,sCRLM）患者接受原发肿瘤和肝转移灶同期切除术后的预后风险因素,并建立sCRLM术后的预后风险模型。方法:回顾性分析127例在我院接受原发肿瘤和肝转移灶同期切除的sCRLM患者的临床病理学因素,采用单因素和多因素Cox模型分析方法确定总生存期（overall survival,OS）和肝无复发生存时间（recurrence-free survival,RFS）的独立预后因素,根据Cox模型的风险比(hazard ratio,HR）对独立因素赋值,从而建立OS和肝RFS的新预后风险模型。根据新模型将患者分为低、中和高风险组,各组间生存差异采用Log-rank检验。ROC曲线下面积用于比较新风险模型和Fong临床风险评分的预后预测能力。结果:本研究中位随访期23.4个月,多因素Cox分析确定下列4个因素为OS较差的独立预后因素,并根据HR值对各危险因素赋值:原发肿瘤淋巴结转移≥4个（P=0.047,1分）,CEA≥200 ng/ml（P=0.023,2分）,TBS 3~8分（P=0.048,1分）和TBS≥9分（P=0.021,2分）。根据下列标准建立OS的预后风险模型:低风险组（0~1分）、中风险组（2~3分）和高风险组（≥4分）。新风险模型OS的预后预测能力优于Fong临床风险评分（AUC:0.726 vs 0.564)。多因素Cox分析确定下列2个因素为肝RFS较差的独立预后因素,根据HR值赋值如下:肝转移灶双叶分布（P=0.020,1分）和TBS≥9分（P=0.016,2分）。结论:本研究纳入接受同期手术切除的sCRLM患者创建了预后风险模型,用于评估sCRLM患者术后的OS和肝RFS。低风险组患者术后的生存情况（OS和肝RFS）优于高风险组,其预测能力尚需前瞻性临床模型进一步验证。