单侧磨牙缺失对老年性学习记忆减退大鼠空间记忆能力的影响

目的探讨单侧缺牙对不同学习记忆能力老年大鼠的空间记忆能力的影响.方法用Morris水迷宫筛选出老年记忆减退鼠和老年记忆正常鼠,拔除单侧磨牙后2个月,再用Morris水迷宫进行行为学测试.结果逃避潜伏期:老年记忆减退鼠拔牙组比对照组明显延长(P<0.01).平台象限游泳距离百分比:与其它象限比,老年记忆减退鼠拔牙组无明显差异,而其对照组、青年鼠、老年记忆正常鼠均明显提高(P<0.01,P<0.05).结论单侧磨牙缺失可加速老年性学习记忆减退鼠学习记忆能力的损害.     

单侧磨牙缺失对老年性学习记忆减退大鼠空间记忆能力的影响

目的 探讨单侧缺牙对不同学习记忆能力老年大鼠的空间记忆能力的影响。方法 用Morris水迷宫筛选出老年记忆减退鼠和老年记忆正常鼠，拔除单侧磨牙后2个月，再用Morris水迷宫进行行为学测试。结果 逃避潜伏期：老年记忆减退鼠拔牙组比对照组明显延长（P＜0．01）。平台象限游泳距离百分比：与其他象限比，老年记忆减退鼠拔牙组无明显差异，而其对照组、青年鼠、老年记忆正常鼠均明显提高（P＜0．01，P＜0．05）。结论单侧磨牙缺失可加速老年性学习记忆减退鼠学习记忆能力的损害。     

慢性脑缺血对青年和老年大鼠学习记忆的影响

目的研究慢性脑缺血对青、老年大鼠学习记忆的影响。方法永久性结扎大鼠双侧颈总动脉，用Morris水迷宫测试大鼠逃避潜伏期和平台象限泳距百分比。结果缺血1月，青年和老年大鼠平均逃避潜伏期均大于同龄对照组，P＜0.01;缺血3月，青年鼠平均逃避潜伏期大于对照组，P＜0.01，和缺血1月组间差异不显著;老年鼠大于同龄对照组和缺血1月组，P＜0.01。青年缺血1月和3月组平台象限泳距百分比均小于对照组，P＜0.01;老年对照组、缺血1月组及缺血3月组平台象限泳距百分比间差异不显著。结论慢性脑缺血可在一定水平损害青年大鼠的学习与记忆，并进行性损害老年大鼠的学习能力，但对老年大鼠空间记忆的影响不显著。     

神经节苷酯对老年性学习记忆减退鼠空间学习记忆能力的影响

目的研究神经节苷酯对老年性学习记忆减退鼠空间学习记忆的影响。方法用Ｍｏｒｉｓ水迷宫筛选老年性学习记忆减退昆明小鼠，腹腔注射神经节苷酯１４天，然后测试小鼠定位航行和空间探索能力。结果与老年学习记忆减退鼠对照组比较，治疗组平均逃避潜伏期缩短，原平台游泳距离和穿环数次却增大，但均未达到老年学习记忆正常组和青年组水平。结论提示神经节苷酯可改善老年性学习记忆减退鼠空间学习记忆能力。     

神经生长因子对老年痴呆鼠学习记忆能力的影响

目的　探讨神经生长因子（NGF）对老年痴呆鼠学习记忆能力的影响。方法　切断老年SD大鼠左侧穹窿海马伞（FF）,侧脑室注射NGF,用Morris水迷宫和Y迷宫测试正常组、损伤组和治疗组大鼠的学习记忆能力。结果　治疗组大鼠与损伤组相比较,治疗组平均逃避潜伏期缩短,原平台象限游泳距离和穿环次数增多,学会Y迷宫所需训练次数减少和正确反应次数增多,但未完全达到正常水平。结论　提示NGF能够改善老年FF损伤鼠学习记忆能力。     

神经生长因子对老年痴呆鼠学习记忆能力的影响

目的 探讨神经生长因子（NGF）对老年痴呆鼠学习记忆能力的影响。方法 切断老年SD大鼠左侧穹窿海马伞（FF）,侧脑室注射NGF,用Morris水迷宫和Y迷宫测试正常组、损伤组和治疗组大鼠的学习记忆能力。结果 治疗组大鼠与损伤组相比较,治疗组平均逃避潜伏期缩短,原平台象限游泳距离和穿环次数增多,学会Y迷宫所需训练次数减少和正确支应次数增多,但未完全达到正常水平。结论 提示NGF能够改善老年FF损伤鼠学习记忆能力。     

外源性硫化氢对海洛因成瘾大鼠学习记忆能力的影响

目的研究硫化氢对海洛因成瘾大鼠学习记忆能力的影响。方法实验动物随机分成3组：对照组、海洛因依赖（Heroin）组、海洛因依赖＋硫氢化钠（Heroin＋NariS）组。采用Morris水迷宫通过定位航行实验及空间探索实验测定各组大鼠学习记忆能力。结果①Morris水迷宫定位航行实验中,Heroin组和Heroin＋NariS组大鼠逃避潜伏期均较对照组明显延长（P〈0．01）,Heroin＋NariS组较Heroin组大鼠逃避潜伏期缩短（P〈0．01）。②空间探索实验中,Heroin组和Heroin＋NariS组与对照组比较,原平台所在象限（第四象限）游泳时间均显著缩短（P〈0．01）,且Heroin组第四象限游泳距离占总距离的百分比以及穿越平台次数均较对照组明显减少（P〈0．01）;Heroin＋NariS组与Heroin组比较,第四象限游泳时间延长（P〈0．01）,第四象限游泳距离占总距离的百分比增大（P〈0．01）,穿越平台次数也增多愀0．05）。结论海洛因成瘾可损害大鼠的学习记忆能力,外源性H2S供体NaHS减轻了海洛因对大鼠学习记忆的损害。     

老年性学习记忆减退大鼠基底前脑NOS神经元的形态变化

用Ｍｏｒｉｓ水迷宫行为检测方法，以青年组平均逃避潜伏期加２倍标准差为下限，加１倍标准差为上限将老年大鼠分为学习记忆减退组和学习记忆正常组。取受试大鼠的前脑冰冻切片，行尼克酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸（ｎｉｃｏｔｉｎａｍｉｄｅａｄｅｎｉｎｅｄｉｎｕｃｌｅｏｔｉｄｅｐｈｏｓｐｈａｔｅ，ＮＡＤＰＨ）组化染色。结果显示：３７．５％的老年鼠为学习记忆减退鼠。与青年鼠相比，老年学习记忆减退鼠基底脑一氧化氮合酶（ｎｉｔｒｉｃｏｘｉｄｅｓｙｎｔｈａｓｅ，ＮＯＳ）神经元胞体萎缩，着色变淡，突起减少。而老年学习记忆正常鼠基底脑内ＮＯＳ神经元形态正常。ＩＢＡＳ图象分析表明老年学习记忆减退鼠基底前脑各核团ＮＯＳ神经元数、细胞面积和灰度值较青年鼠明显下降（Ｐ＜０．０１）。而老年学习记忆正常鼠上述指标无明显改变。受试大鼠逃避潜伏期与基底前脑ＮＯＳ神经元数量呈负相关。上述结果提示，老年大鼠学习记忆能力减退存在着明显的个体差异。老年学习记忆减退大鼠基底前脑ＮＯＳ神经元发生严重的退变，这可能是老年性学习记忆减退的神经机制之一。     

补肾益智方对老年性痴呆大鼠学习记忆能力保护作用的观察

为寻求防治老年性痴呆的有效措施 ,运用Morris水迷宫评价了中药补肾益智方 (由蛇床子、枸杞子、女贞子、人参等组成 )对由D_半乳糖致亚急性衰老加上Meynert核损毁所致阿尔茨海默病模型大鼠的学习记忆能力的保护作用。结果表明 :补肾益智方能够改善模型大鼠的学习记忆成绩 ,包括缩短模型大鼠在Morris水迷宫中寻找到平台的逃避潜伏期 (P <0 .0 1) ,延长其在原平台象限游泳的距离 (P <0 .0 5)。提示补肾益智方对阿尔茨海默病模型大鼠的学习记忆能力有一定的保护作用     

大鼠空间学习记忆和海马长时程增强的相关性研究

目的 探讨生理或病理状态下大鼠海马突触可塑性和空间学习记忆的相关性,为在体电生理实验和行为学实验结果的一致性提供依据.方法 按照随机数字表随机选择SD大鼠38只,进行Morris 水迷宫空间学习记忆行为学和在体海马晚期长时程增强(L-LTP)电生理实验.主要指标包括大鼠连续5d定位航行试验寻找水下平台的逃避潜伏期、撤除平台后空间探索试验的目标象限游泳时间百分比以及高频刺激后3h的场兴奋性突触后电位(fEPSP).结果 双侧海马注射4 nmol Aβ25-35明显伤害了大鼠水迷宫实验中的空间学习记忆能力(P＜0.05)和在体海马L-LTP(P＜0.05).正常对照组大鼠L-LTP与逃避潜伏期呈现明显负相关(r=-0.8306,P＜0.01),与目标象限游泳时间百分比呈现明显正相关(r=0.7709,P＜0.01);AD模型组大鼠3h后fEPSP幅度也与逃避潜伏期具有明显负相关(r=-0.7675,P＜0.01),与目标象限游泳时间百分比正相关( r=0.8049,P＜0.01);将两组大鼠数据合并后,海马L-LTP与逃避潜伏期和目标象限游泳时间百分比的相关性更高,分别为r=-0.9124 (P＜0.01)和r=0.9745 (P＜0.01).结论 大鼠在体海马L-LTP电生理记录与空间学习记忆行为学测试结果具有良好的相关性,提示海马L-LTP可能是行为学改变的电生理机制,其损伤可以在一定程度上反映动物学习记忆功能障碍.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.