牡丹皮中丹皮总苷的提取工艺研究

目的优选牡丹皮中丹皮总苷的最佳提取工艺。方法以干膏得率和芍药苷的转移率为评价指标,采用正交试验法对提取过程中的溶媒用量、提取时间、提取次数进行考察。结果最佳的提取工艺为:加8倍水,回流提取3次,每次1h。结论优选的提取方法适合牡丹皮中丹皮总苷的提取。     

正交试验优选牡丹皮酒炙工艺

目的 优选牡丹皮的最佳酒炙工艺.方法 以丹皮酚、芍药苷及醇溶性浸出物为指标,以加酒量、闷润时间以及炒制温度为考察因素,通过正交试验L9(34)对牡丹皮的最佳酒炙工艺进行优选.结果 牡丹皮最佳酒炙工艺为每100 g药材加15 g黄酒,闷润30 min,80℃炒至颜色加深近干.结论 本研究为规范牡丹皮酒炙工艺,提高酒炙丹皮临床疗效提供了依据.     

夜热清颗粒中牡丹皮的提取工艺研究

目的：探讨夜热清颗粒中牡丹皮的提取工艺。方法：采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取牡丹皮中挥发性成分,剩余药渣用水煎,分别以丹皮酚的提取量为指标,采用正交试验法筛选牡丹皮的提取工艺;以芍药苷转移率为指标筛选水提工艺。结果：优选的工艺条件为牡丹皮加12倍量水浸泡3h,水蒸气蒸馏收集9倍量蒸馏液。丹皮酚的平均提取率为87.9%;药渣加入5倍量水煎煮2h。结论：优选得到的工艺稳定可行。     

水蒸气蒸馏法提取牡丹皮中丹皮总酚的工艺优选

目的 优化水蒸气蒸馏法提取牡丹皮中丹皮酚的工艺条件.方法 利用水蒸气蒸馏法提取丹皮总酚,在40℃,-0.095MPa条件下将所提取的丹皮总酚干燥至恒重,通过测定所得丹皮总酚中丹皮酚的含量计算丹皮酚收率.利用正交试验优化加水量、蒸馏液流速和提取时间.结果 最佳工艺条件为:加16倍水量,控制蒸馏液流速按每100 g饮片为5 ml/min,蒸馏5h.丹皮酚收率为2.25％.结论 该工艺简便、丹皮酚收率高、省时,可为工业生产中提取牡丹皮中丹皮酚提供实验基础.     

牡丹皮中丹皮酚提取工艺及包合工艺的研究

目的采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取牡丹皮中的丹皮酚。方法以丹皮酚的提取率为考察指标,以加水量、氯化钠用量、提取时间作为考察的3个主要因素,通过L9(34)正交试验法优化牡丹皮中丹皮酚的最佳提取工艺条件。包合工艺在前人研究基础上进一步考察了β-环糊精与水的比例。结果最佳提取工艺为24倍加水量,5%氯化钠,提取时间2 h;包合工艺中β-环糊精与水的比例确定为1∶6。结论该提取工艺简便、快速,具有一定的可行性,可以作为牡丹皮中丹皮酚的提取工艺。该包合工艺可以提高丹皮酚的包封率。     

牡丹皮中丹皮酚的提取方法研究

目的：优选从牡丹皮中提取丹皮酚的最佳方法。方法：采用直接水蒸气蒸馏法、碱溶液浸泡酸中和-水蒸气蒸馏法、酸溶液浸泡-水蒸气蒸馏法、盐溶液浸泡-水蒸气蒸馏法提取。结果：优选的最佳方法是直接水蒸气蒸馏法，提取率为80．86％。结论：直接水蒸气蒸馏法可以作为实验室提取丹皮酚的最佳方法。     

不同产地牡丹皮饮片质量评价

目的 对不同产地牡丹皮饮片进行质量评价.方法 采用化学及仪器分析的方法测定3种不同产地牡丹皮饮片的水分、灰分、浸出物、丹皮酚、丹皮总苷及丹皮多糖含量.结果 不同产地牡丹皮饮片有效成分含量有显著差异.结论 3种不同产地的牡丹皮饮片样品中,安徽铜陵牡丹皮饮片质量最优.     

不同储存条件对亳丹皮指标性成分影响研究

目的:优选亳州牡丹皮储存条件,为亳州牡丹皮的合理储存提供依据。方法:对不同包装材料和储存环境下亳州牡丹皮饮片中主要指标性成分含量变化进行考察,采用高效液相色谱法测定没食子酸、氧化芍药苷、芍药苷、丹皮酚四种主要指标性成分的含量,优选出最佳储存条件。结果:不同性质的包装材料对主要指标性成分有影响,阴凉和常温环境对以上4种指标性成分的影响不显著。结论:探索了亳州牡丹皮的最佳储存条件,为指导企业进行更为合理、经济的储存提供技术支撑。     

丹皮酚超声提取工艺研究

目的:优选丹皮酚的最佳提取工艺.方法:采用正交实验方法,以丹皮酚的提取量为指标,考察温度、时间、溶剂量对提取 量的影响.结果:丹皮酚的最佳提取工艺为超声温度40℃,超声时间30min,溶剂量300mL.结论:超声波提取对丹皮酚的提取率影响不明显.     

黄芪总皂苷提取工艺研究

目的研究黄芪总皂苷最佳提取工艺.方法采用正交设计法优选,以黄芪甲苷、黄芪总皂苷和总提取物为检测指标.结果最佳提取条件为:70%乙醇回流提取2次,每次2小时,第1次加8倍量,第2次加6倍量.结论醇提工艺中黄芪甲苷和总皂苷的得率高于水提工艺.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.