Bladder and sexual function following resection for rectal cancer in a randomized clinical trial of laparoscopic versus open technique

BACKGROUND: Bladder and sexual dysfunction are recognized complications of mesorectal resection. Their incidence following laparoscopic surgery is unknown. METHODS: Bladder and sexual function were assessed in patients who had undergone laparoscopic rectal, open rectal or laparoscopic colonic resection as part of the UK Medical Research Council Conventional versus Laparoscopic-Assisted Surgery In Colorectal Cancer (CLASICC) trial, using the International Prostatic Symptom Score, the International Index of Erectile Function and the Female Sexual Function Index. Sexual and bladder function data from the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ-CR38 collected in the CLASICC trial were used for comparison. RESULTS: Two hundred and forty-seven (71.2 per cent) of 347 patients completed questionnaires. Bladder function was similar after laparoscopic and open rectal operations for rectal cancer. Overall sexual function and erectile function tended to be worse in men after laparoscopic rectal surgery than after open rectal surgery (overall function: difference - 11.18 (95 per cent confidence interval (c.i.) -22.99 to 0.63), P = 0.063; erectile function: difference -5.84 (95 per cent c.i. -10.94 to -0.74), P = 0.068). Total mesorectal excision (TME) was more commonly performed in the laparoscopic rectal group than in the open rectal group. TME (odds ratio (OR) 6.38, P = 0.054) and conversion to open operation (OR 2.86, P = 0.041) were independent predictors of postoperative male sexual dysfunction. No differences were detected in female sexual function. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic rectal resection did not adversely affect bladder function, but there was a trend towards worse male sexual function. This may be explained by the higher rate of TME in the laparoscopic rectal resection group.     

腹腔镜和开腹直肠癌手术对男性性功能的影响

目的 探讨腹腔镜和开腹直肠癌根治术对男性性功能的影响.方法 将2001年5月至2008年11月间行完全腹腔镜下直肠癌根治术的17例65岁以下的男性病人作为研究对象,另选择同期施行开腹手术的21例男性直肠癌病人作为对照组.对两组病例术后性功能情况进行回顾分析.结果 两组之间术前及术后6个月、12个月IIEF-5评分无明显差异,无论腹腔镜组还是开腹组术后IIEF.5评分均较术前有下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).两组与手术有关的射精功能障碍发生率,术后6月时为37.50%和42.11%(P>0.05),术后12月时为37.50%和36.84%(P>0.05),两组比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 腹腔镜直肠癌根治术后性功能障碍的发生率与开腹手术相比没有差异.     

腹腔镜与开放低位直肠癌根治术对中青年男性排尿及性功能的影响

目的:探讨腹腔镜与开放低位直肠癌根治术对中青年男性排尿、性功能的影响。方法:选择2015年1月至2016年3月收治的118例中青年男性低位直肠癌患者,其中56例行腹腔镜低位直肠癌根治术(实验组),62例行开放直肠癌根治术(对照组),比较两组患者术后半年、1年中勃起功能障碍、射精功能障碍、近期与远期排尿功能障碍发生率。结果:实验组术后半年勃起功能障碍发生率为21.43%,术后1年射精功能障碍发生率为5.36%,近期排尿功能障碍发生率为12.50%,对照组分别为38.71%、19.35%、27.42%,两组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。而术后1年勃起功能障碍发生率及远期排尿功能障碍发生率两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:与开放手术相比,腹腔镜低位直肠癌根治术对中青年男性的排尿及性功能影响较小,利于提高术后生活质量,适于推广。     

Preservation of sexual and bladder function after laparoscopic rectal surgery

Background  There have recently been reports of higher levels of bladder and sexual dysfunction in men after laparoscopic rectal surgery when compared with those undergoing open surgery. This has led some surgeons to question the role of the laparoscopic approach to rectal surgery.
Method  This study represents a retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected database for a single unit, comprising 2406 patients undergoing laparoscopic colorectal surgery. Bladder function, potency and ejaculation were assessed at postoperative clinic visits for men undergoing laparoscopic low or ultra-low anterior resection and abdominoperineal excision of the rectum.
Results  A total of 101 males were identified (median age 62 years: range 20–90 years). Urinary dysfunction was reported by six (6%) patients. Six (6%) patients had sexual dysfunction, manifesting as retrograde ejaculation in four patients and erectile dysfunction in a further two patients.
Conclusions  The low rates of sexual dysfunction in this unit may be attributable to pelvic dissection only being undertaken by experienced, dedicated laparoscopic colorectal surgeons. Laparoscopic restorative surgery for rectal cancer has been performed here only since 2001 after considerable experience accrued in operating on benign rectal disease and colon cancer. Studies from elsewhere reporting poorer functional outcomes have probably included a significant number of patients on the surgeons'learning curve'.     

Total mesorectal excision preserves male genital function compared with conventional rectal cancer surgery.

BACKGROUND: The introduction of total mesorectal excision (TME) has been shown to improve local recurrence rates in rectal cancer. The present study investigated the impact of this more extensive and radical procedure with regard to autonomic pelvic nerve function. METHODS: Patients with resected primary rectal cancer were interviewed by means of a questionnaire asking about preoperative and postoperative urinary bladder and genital function. The results in patients after rectal cancer surgery without TME (group 1; n = 29) were compared with those obtained after introduction of the TME technique (group 2; n = 31). Patients in group 2 were older and had a lower level of anastomosis than patients in group 1. Other patient, treatment and tumour characteristics were comparable between the groups. RESULTS: : Newly acquired and permanent symptoms of bladder dysfunction after rectal excision were present as follows (group 1 versus group 2): difficulty in bladder emptying 7 versus 19 per cent; sensation of incomplete bladder voiding 17 versus 17 per cent; urgency 17 versus 14 per cent; incontinence 10 versus 3 per cent; dysuria 7 versus 7 per cent; and dribbling 14 versus 8 per cent. Male patients stated the following sexual functions before operation/after operation in group 1 versus group 2: interest in sex 80 per cent/40 per cent versus 63 per cent/37 per cent; sexually active 67 per cent/7 per cent versus 53 per cent/22 per cent; impotence 75 per cent/6 per cent versus 58 per cent/26 per cent; ability to have intercourse 75 per cent/13 per cent versus 67 per cent/29 per cent; ability to achieve orgasm 88 per cent/13 per cent versus 76 per cent/47 per cent; and orgasm with ejaculation 88 per cent/9 per cent versus 76 per cent/53 per cent. CONCLUSION: While both conventional rectal cancer surgery and TME result in similarly favourable postoperative bladder function, both techniques decrease sexual function. However, TME offers a significant advantage with regard to preservation of postoperative sexual function in men and constitutes a true advance in rectal cancer surgery compared with conventional techniques.     

腹腔镜D3淋巴清扫联合保留盆腔自主神经直肠癌根治术对男性性功能的影响

目的 对比分析腹腔镜和开腹联合保留自主神经的D3直肠癌根治术对男性性功能的影响.方法 采用前瞻性研究的方法,将我院2006年6月至2007年10月入选的男性直肠癌患者119例随机分别进行开腹(OS组59例)和腹腔镜(LS组60例)手术,两组病例均采用联合保留自主神经的D3直肠癌根治术.在术前和术后3、6和12个月,分别采用IIEF问卷对男性性功能进行评价,对比两组病例术后性功能情况.结果 术后3次随访结果显示,LS组性功能障碍总发生率分别为23.3%、18.3%和11.6%,OS组分别为32.2%、27.1%和16.9%;两组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 腹腔镜D3淋巴清扫联合保留自主神经的直肠癌根治术能够达到与开腹手术相同的效果.     

腹腔镜D3淋巴清扫联合保留盆腔自主神经直肠癌根治术对男性性功能的影响

目的 对比分析腹腔镜和开腹联合保留自主神经的D3直肠癌根治术对男性性功能的影响.方法 采用前瞻性研究的方法,将我院2006年6月至2007年10月入选的男性直肠癌患者119例随机分别进行开腹(OS组59例)和腹腔镜(LS组60例)手术,两组病例均采用联合保留自主神经的D3直肠癌根治术.在术前和术后3、6和12个月,分别采用IIEF问卷对男性性功能进行评价,对比两组病例术后性功能情况.结果 术后3次随访结果显示,LS组性功能障碍总发生率分别为23.3%、18.3%和11.6%,OS组分别为32.2%、27.1%和16.9%;两组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 腹腔镜D3淋巴清扫联合保留自主神经的直肠癌根治术能够达到与开腹手术相同的效果.     

腹腔镜D3淋巴清扫联合保留盆腔自主神经直肠癌根治术对男性性功能的影响

目的 对比分析腹腔镜和开腹联合保留自主神经的D3直肠癌根治术对男性性功能的影响.方法 采用前瞻性研究的方法,将我院2006年6月至2007年10月入选的男性直肠癌患者119例随机分别进行开腹(OS组59例)和腹腔镜(LS组60例)手术,两组病例均采用联合保留自主神经的D3直肠癌根治术.在术前和术后3、6和12个月,分别采用IIEF问卷对男性性功能进行评价,对比两组病例术后性功能情况.结果 术后3次随访结果显示,LS组性功能障碍总发生率分别为23.3%、18.3%和11.6%,OS组分别为32.2%、27.1%和16.9%;两组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 腹腔镜D3淋巴清扫联合保留自主神经的直肠癌根治术能够达到与开腹手术相同的效果.     

腹腔镜D3淋巴清扫联合保留盆腔自主神经直肠癌根治术对男性性功能的影响

目的 对比分析腹腔镜和开腹联合保留自主神经的D3直肠癌根治术对男性性功能的影响.方法 采用前瞻性研究的方法,将我院2006年6月至2007年10月入选的男性直肠癌患者119例随机分别进行开腹(OS组59例)和腹腔镜(LS组60例)手术,两组病例均采用联合保留自主神经的D3直肠癌根治术.在术前和术后3、6和12个月,分别采用IIEF问卷对男性性功能进行评价,对比两组病例术后性功能情况.结果 术后3次随访结果显示,LS组性功能障碍总发生率分别为23.3%、18.3%和11.6%,OS组分别为32.2%、27.1%和16.9%;两组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 腹腔镜D3淋巴清扫联合保留自主神经的直肠癌根治术能够达到与开腹手术相同的效果.     

Clinical outcomes and quality of life after low anterior resection for rectal cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate clinical outcomes and quality of life in terms of anal, urinary, and sexual function, after low anterior resection for rectal cancer. DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: University hospital, Switzerland. SUBJECTS: 43 patients with low rectal cancers. INTERVENTIONS: 27 were not given adjuvant radiotherapy and 16 had preoperative adjuvant radiotherapy 1.6 Gy twice daily for 13 days. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Anal, urinary, and sexual function postoperatively. RESULTS: 23 patients reported normal defaecation (53%), 9 had incontinence of flatus (21%), 5 had occasional minor soiling (12%), 2 had frequent major soiling (5%), 4 had a total faecal incontinence (9%), and 3 had urinary incontinence (7%). Sexual dysfunction was reported by 9 of the 13 sexually active men and 2 of the 11 sexually active women. CONCLUSION: Despite their reported faecal, urinary and sexual dysfunction most patients were satisfied with their quality of life. Counselling at the time of operation is highly recommended as a means of contributing to personal satisfaction.     

腹腔镜D3淋巴清扫联合保留盆腔自主神经直肠癌根治术对男性性功能的影响

目的 对比分析腹腔镜和开腹联合保留自主神经的D3直肠癌根治术对男性性功能的影响.方法 采用前瞻性研究的方法,将我院2006年6月至2007年10月入选的男性直肠癌患者119例随机分别进行开腹(OS组59例)和腹腔镜(LS组60例)手术,两组病例均采用联合保留自主神经的D3直肠癌根治术.在术前和术后3、6和12个月,分别采用IIEF问卷对男性性功能进行评价,对比两组病例术后性功能情况.结果 术后3次随访结果显示,LS组性功能障碍总发生率分别为23.3%、18.3%和11.6%,OS组分别为32.2%、27.1%和16.9%;两组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 腹腔镜D3淋巴清扫联合保留自主神经的直肠癌根治术能够达到与开腹手术相同的效果.     

腹腔镜D3淋巴清扫联合保留盆腔自主神经直肠癌根治术对男性性功能的影响

目的对比分析腹腔镜和开腹联合保留自主神经的D,直肠癌根治术对男性性功能的影响。方法采用前瞻性研究的方法,将我院2006年6月至2007年10月入选的男性直肠癌患者119例随机分别进行开腹（OS组59例）和腹腔镜（Ls组60例）手术,两组病例均采用联合保留自主神经的D,直肠癌根治术。在术前和术后3、6和12个月,别采用IIEF问卷对男性性功能进行评价,对比两组病例术后性功能情况。结果术后3次随访结果显示,Ls组性功能障碍总发生率分别为23.3％、18.3％和11.6％,OS组分别为32.2％、27.1％和16.9％;两组比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论腹腔镜D,淋巴清扫联合保留自主神经的直肠癌根治术能够达到与开腹手术相同的效果。     

腹腔镜D3淋巴清扫联合保留盆腔自主神经直肠癌根治术对男性性功能的影响

目的 对比分析腹腔镜和开腹联合保留自主神经的D3直肠癌根治术对男性性功能的影响.方法 采用前瞻性研究的方法,将我院2006年6月至2007年10月入选的男性直肠癌患者119例随机分别进行开腹(OS组59例)和腹腔镜(LS组60例)手术,两组病例均采用联合保留自主神经的D3直肠癌根治术.在术前和术后3、6和12个月,分别采用IIEF问卷对男性性功能进行评价,对比两组病例术后性功能情况.结果 术后3次随访结果显示,LS组性功能障碍总发生率分别为23.3%、18.3%和11.6%,OS组分别为32.2%、27.1%和16.9%;两组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 腹腔镜D3淋巴清扫联合保留自主神经的直肠癌根治术能够达到与开腹手术相同的效果.     

腹腔镜D3淋巴清扫联合保留盆腔自主神经直肠癌根治术对男性性功能的影响

目的 对比分析腹腔镜和开腹联合保留自主神经的D3直肠癌根治术对男性性功能的影响.方法 采用前瞻性研究的方法,将我院2006年6月至2007年10月入选的男性直肠癌患者119例随机分别进行开腹(OS组59例)和腹腔镜(LS组60例)手术,两组病例均采用联合保留自主神经的D3直肠癌根治术.在术前和术后3、6和12个月,分别采用IIEF问卷对男性性功能进行评价,对比两组病例术后性功能情况.结果 术后3次随访结果显示,LS组性功能障碍总发生率分别为23.3%、18.3%和11.6%,OS组分别为32.2%、27.1%和16.9%;两组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 腹腔镜D3淋巴清扫联合保留自主神经的直肠癌根治术能够达到与开腹手术相同的效果.     

腹腔镜D3淋巴清扫联合保留盆腔自主神经直肠癌根治术对男性性功能的影响

目的 对比分析腹腔镜和开腹联合保留自主神经的D3直肠癌根治术对男性性功能的影响.方法 采用前瞻性研究的方法,将我院2006年6月至2007年10月入选的男性直肠癌患者119例随机分别进行开腹(OS组59例)和腹腔镜(LS组60例)手术,两组病例均采用联合保留自主神经的D3直肠癌根治术.在术前和术后3、6和12个月,分别采用IIEF问卷对男性性功能进行评价,对比两组病例术后性功能情况.结果 术后3次随访结果显示,LS组性功能障碍总发生率分别为23.3%、18.3%和11.6%,OS组分别为32.2%、27.1%和16.9%;两组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 腹腔镜D3淋巴清扫联合保留自主神经的直肠癌根治术能够达到与开腹手术相同的效果.     

腹腔镜D3淋巴清扫联合保留盆腔自主神经直肠癌根治术对男性性功能的影响

目的 对比分析腹腔镜和开腹联合保留自主神经的D3直肠癌根治术对男性性功能的影响.方法 采用前瞻性研究的方法,将我院2006年6月至2007年10月入选的男性直肠癌患者119例随机分别进行开腹(OS组59例)和腹腔镜(LS组60例)手术,两组病例均采用联合保留自主神经的D3直肠癌根治术.在术前和术后3、6和12个月,分别采用IIEF问卷对男性性功能进行评价,对比两组病例术后性功能情况.结果 术后3次随访结果显示,LS组性功能障碍总发生率分别为23.3%、18.3%和11.6%,OS组分别为32.2%、27.1%和16.9%;两组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 腹腔镜D3淋巴清扫联合保留自主神经的直肠癌根治术能够达到与开腹手术相同的效果.     

腹腔镜D3淋巴清扫联合保留盆腔自主神经直肠癌根治术对男性性功能的影响

目的 对比分析腹腔镜和开腹联合保留自主神经的D3直肠癌根治术对男性性功能的影响.方法 采用前瞻性研究的方法,将我院2006年6月至2007年10月入选的男性直肠癌患者119例随机分别进行开腹(OS组59例)和腹腔镜(LS组60例)手术,两组病例均采用联合保留自主神经的D3直肠癌根治术.在术前和术后3、6和12个月,分别采用IIEF问卷对男性性功能进行评价,对比两组病例术后性功能情况.结果 术后3次随访结果显示,LS组性功能障碍总发生率分别为23.3%、18.3%和11.6%,OS组分别为32.2%、27.1%和16.9%;两组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 腹腔镜D3淋巴清扫联合保留自主神经的直肠癌根治术能够达到与开腹手术相同的效果.     

腹腔镜与开腹直肠癌根治术保留盆腔自主神经对男性排尿及性功能影响的对比研究

目的:探讨腹腔镜直肠癌根治术保留盆腔自主神经对男性患者术后排尿及性功能的影响.方法:回顾分析2007～2010年为96例男性直肠癌患者施行腹腔镜手术的临床资料,总结其对患者术后排尿及性功能的影响,并与114例开腹手术对比.结果:腹腔镜组术后排尿功能障碍率10.42%,勃起功能障碍率13.54%,射精功能障碍率19.79...     

Impact of laparoscopic surgery on bladder and sexual function after total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer

Background  Bladder and sexual dysfunction are well-documented complications of rectal cancer surgery. This study aimed to determine whether laparoscopy can improve the outcome of these dysfunctions or not. Methods  The study included 63 of the 116 patients who underwent surgery for rectal cancer between 2002 and 2006. Bladder and male sexual function were studied by means of a questionnaire on the basis of the International Prostatic Symptom Score (IPSS) and International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF). In addition, bladder function was determined by means of postvoid residual urine measurement and uroflowmetry. Postoperative functions were compared with the preoperative data to detect subjective functional deterioration. Outcomes were compared between patients who underwent open (group 1, n = 29) and laparoscopic (group 2, n = 34) total mesorectal excision. Results  Only minor disturbances of bladder function were reported for one patient (3%) in group 1 and three patients (9%) in group 2 (p > 0.05). Impotency after surgery was experienced by 6 of 17 preoperatively sexually active males (29%) in group 1 and 1 of 18 males (5%) in group 2 (p = 0.04). Similarly, 5 of 10 women (50 %) in group 1 and 1 of 14 women (7%) in group 2 felt that their overall level of sexual function had decreased as a result of surgery (p = 0.03). Conclusions  Open rectal cancer resection is associated with a higher rate of sexual dysfunction, but not bladder dysfunction, compared with laparoscopic surgery. Laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery offers a significant advantage with regard to preservation of postoperative sexual function and constitutes a true advance in rectal cancer surgery compared with the open technique. The proposed advantages can be attributed to improvement in visibility by the magnification feature of laparoscopic surgery. Presented orally at the 8th National Endoscopic Laparoscopic Surgery Congress, Antalya, Turkey, 1–4 July 2007.     

Rapid rehabilitation in elderly patients after laparoscopic colonic resection

BACKGROUND: Introduction of the laparoscopic surgical technique has reduced hospital stay after colonic resection from about 8-10 to 4-6 days. In most studies, however, specific attention has not been paid to changes in perioperative protocols required to maximize the advantages of the minimally invasive procedure. In the present study the laparoscopic approach was combined with a perioperative multimodal rehabilitation protocol. METHODS: After laparoscopically assisted colonic resection, patients were treated with epidural local anaesthesia for 2 days, early mobilization and enteral nutrition. Routine use of morphine and traditional tubes, drains and prolonged bladder catheterization was avoided. RESULTS: Laparoscopic resection was intended in 50 consecutive patients, of median age 81 years. The conversion rate to open resection was 22 per cent. In patients in whom the procedure was completed laparoscopically the median hospital stay was 2.5 days; defaecation occurred in 92 per cent of patients within 3 days. Patients were mobilized for more than 8 h daily from day 2. CONCLUSION: Recovery after colonic surgery was improved considerably by combining the use of a laparoscopic technique with a multimodal rehabilitation protocol of pain relief, early mobilization and oral nutrition.