Lengthening of proximal implantation site during endovascular repair of thoracic aortic aneurysm: Preservation of carotid patency with retrograde trans endograft deployment of a carotid stent

Endovascular repair of descending thoracic aortic aneurysms with a reduced proximal implantation site represents a technical challenge. Surgical procedures before endovascular exclusion can be necessary to increase the length of the proximal landing site to avoid type 1 endoleaks. We present a case of endovascular exclusion of a descending thoracic aortic aneurysm with the endograft placed proximal to the left common carotid artery. Flow to this arch was preserved reconstructing the carotid ostium with the retrograde implantation of a carotid stent that was placed extending across an orifice created in the deployed endograft by puncture and balloon dilatation. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Endovascular repair of a leaking aortic-arch pseudoaneurysm using graft stent combined with chimney protection to left common carotid artery: Case report and review of literature

Aortic pseudoaneurysm (PsA) is a rare but serious condition that has high mortality and morbidity rates if untreated. We report a rare case of leaking aortic-arch PsA repaired by thoracic endovascular aortic repair using graft stent with the chimney technique to protect the left common carotid artery. Unlike other cases in the literature, our case was unique, having leaking PsA not related to previous cardiac surgery or aortic dissection. The successful management of this patient using thoracic endovascular aortic repair combined with the chimney technique suggests that this approach may be an attractive therapeutic alternative to treat aortic-arch PsA.     

Endovascular repair of a carotid pseudoaneurysm with Fluency Plus stent graft implantation

We describe the case of a 76-year-old male with a pseudoaneurysm of the left common carotid artery that developed 7 months following carotid endarterectomy (CEA) and was treated by stent graft implantation, which may represent a valid alternative to surgical repair for the treatment of post-CEA pseudoaneurysm.     

GORE EXCLUDER覆膜支架在腹主动脉瘤腔内修复术中的临床应用

目的：探讨GORE EXCLUDER覆膜支架腔内修复治疗腹主动脉瘤的疗效.方法：回顾性分析自2012年1月至2013年5月,采用GORE EXCLUDER覆膜支架行腹主动脉瘤腔内修复术的21例患者,其中男性19例,女性2例,年龄48 ～ 84岁,平均（68.9±9.9）岁.21例均为肾下型腹主动脉瘤,术后1,3,6及12个月之后,每年行主动脉CTA复查.结果：21例均成功置入GORE EXCLUDER覆膜支架,技术成功率100％;共置入主体覆膜支架21枚,对侧分支支架21枚,延长支6枚,Cuff支架1枚.主体覆膜支架直径23 ～31 mm,长度为120 ～ 180 mm,平均（152-±20.7）mm; 16例封闭一侧髂内动脉,5例保留双侧髂内动脉.围手术期无死亡病例及严重并发症发生;随访3 ～15个月,未见支架移位及内漏发生.结论：GORE EXCLUDER腔内修复肾下腹主动脉瘤近、中期效果良好.     

Endovascular repair of carotid artery aneurysm with Jostent covered stent: initial experience and one-year result.

Treatment for symptomatic extracranial carotid artery aneurysm is evolving and we describe two cases of successful endovascular treatment of distal internal carotid aneurysm using Jostent, a balloon-expandable coronary polytetrafluoroethylene-covered stent. Both patients remained symptom-free at 1 year after the procedure and patency of the stents was maintained. We conclude that endovascular treatment of carotid artery aneurysm with Jostent is feasible and safe and may be more preferable than conventional strategies.     

A case of popliteal stent fracture with pseudoaneurysm formation.

We describe a case of angiographically documented stent fracture and pseudoaneurysm formation in a patient with femoropopliteal disease, which was successfully treated with deployment of an endovascular stent graft. Technical aspects of the procedure are discussed and the experience with stent fractures previously reported in the literature is reviewed.     

Perforation complicating carotid artery stenting: the use of a covered stent.

Carotid artery angioplasty and stenting has emerged as an effective strategy for the treatment of significant carotid artery stenosis. Perforation during carotid artery stenting is a very rare potential complication of the procedure. We describe a case of carotid artery perforation that occurred during postdilation of the carotid artery stent. In our case this potentially serious complication was successfully treated with a covered stent-graft.     

Update of carotid stent trials.

As is the case in many vascular territories, endovascular treatment of extracranial carotid artery disease is becoming a rival alternative to surgery. Results of carotid artery stenting (CAS) are improving with the introduction of embolic protection devices, improved technology, and increasing operator experience. Multiple clinical studies have shown results in favor of CAS as opposed to carotid endarterectomy (CEA) in patients considered at high risk for surgery. Current ongoing trials are examining both treatment options in low and intermediate risk patients in prospective randomized protocols. With the recent FDA approval of carotid stent systems, we are entering a new era in the treatment of carotid artery disease. An update of modern carotid stent studies, as well as stent versus surgery studies in the current era is needed.     

腔内隔绝术治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层210例分析

目的评价腔内隔绝术治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层的疗效和安全性。方法收集2002年4月至2010年10月于沈阳军区总医院行主动脉腔内隔绝术治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层210例资料,年龄(53.4±11.1)岁。经股动脉切开置入覆膜支架封堵胸主动脉破裂口,置入后造影检查证实疗效;合并严重冠状动脉狭窄者于腔内隔绝术后3～7 d完成经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)。观察介入治疗的疗效。结果腔内隔绝术成功率100%,共置入208枚主体覆膜支架及13枚cuff支架。20例患者完全封闭左锁骨下动脉开口,无左上肢及脑供血不足症状。26例患者行PCI成功率100%,对32支靶血管共置入36枚冠状动脉支架,无出血、心肌梗死等并发症。患者术后平均随访(60±35)个月,随访率96.6%(201/208)。33例出现腔内隔绝术后综合征,13例术后有残余内漏,其中8例残余内漏于术后3个月自行封闭。术后半年,3例再发升主动脉夹层,1例发生截瘫。术后1年,1例发生迟发性内漏。行PCI患者无主要心脏不良事件发生。本组共死亡6例,其中与腔内隔绝术有关死亡4例,分别发生在术后1 h、术后5 d、出院后2 d、15 d,与腔内隔绝术无关死亡2例,分别问胃癌晚期和肺心病。结论腔内隔绝术治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层近期及长期疗效好、并发症低。合并冠心病患者择期二次行PCI安全可行。     

开窗支架型血管治疗近肾腹主动脉瘤的初步临床结果

目的回顾性分析开窗支架型血管治疗近肾腹主动脉瘤（AAA）的初步结果。方法4例合并严重疾病无法行开放手术的近肾AAA患者,根据术前CT数据定制个体化开窗支架型血管。于全身麻醉下置人此支架型血管并置入肾动脉支架。结果术后即时造影示各分支血管血流通畅,支架形态良好,两例有少量近端I型内漏。术后3个月复查4例患者支架形态正常,两例I型内漏均消失,但另一名患者出现Ⅱ型内漏。结论应用个体化开窗支架型血管治疗近肾AAA近期效果良好。     

Endovascular repair of traumatic pseudoaneurysm by uncovered self-expandable stenting with or without transstent coiling of the aneurysm cavity.

Various surgical options for internal carotid or subclavian artery pseudoaneurysm repair have been reported; however, in general they have resulted in poor outcomes with high morbidity and mortality rates. Recently, these open surgical procedures have been partly replaced by percutaneous transluminal placement of endovascular devices. We evaluated the potential for using flexible self-expanding uncovered stents with or without coiling to treat extracranial internal carotid, subclavian and other peripheral artery posttraumatic pseudoaneurysm. Three patients with posttraumatic pseudoaneurysm were treated by stent deployment and coiling (two cases) of the aneurysm cavity. In one case, a 5.0 x 47 mm Wallstent (Boston Scientific) was positioned to span the neck of the 9 x 5 mm size pseudoaneurysm (left internal carotid artery) and deployed. Angiography demonstrated complete occlusion of the pseudoaneurysm without coiling. In the second patient, a 5.0 x 31 mm Wallstent (Boston Scientific) was positioned to span the neck of the 9 x 7 mm size pseudoaneurysm (right internal carotid artery) and deployed. A total of six coils (Guglielmi Detachable Coils, Boston Scientific) were deployed into the pseudoaneurysm cavity until it was completely obliterated. In the third case, an 8.0 x 80 mm SMART (Cordis) stent was advanced over the wire, positioned to span the neck of the 10 x 7 mm size pseudoaneurysm of the left subclavian artery, and deployed. Fourteen 40 x 0.5 mm Trufill (Cordis) pushable coils were deployed into the pseudoaneurysm cavity until it was completely obliterated. At long-term follow-up (6-9 months), all patients were asymptomatic without flow into the aneurysm cavity by Duplex ultrasound. We conclude that uncovered endovascular flexible self-expanding stent placement with transstent coil embolization of the pseudoaneurysm cavity is a promising new technique to treat posttraumatic pseudoaneurysm vascular disease by minimally invasive methods, while preserving the patency of the vessel and side branches.     

Endovascular repair using parallel grafts to treat a suprarenal pancreatitis-related abdominal aortic pseudoaneurysm

Arterial pseudoaneurysms represent an uncommon complication of acute pancreatic inflammation or chronic pancreatitis. We describe a contained rupture of a suprarenal abdominal aortic pseudoaneurysm. An aorto-uni-iliac stent-graft was adopted as the aortic main body and was combined with two chimneys and two periscope stents for celiac/superior mesenteric artery and renal arteries, respectively. The procedure was complicated by the entrapment of the celiac sheath into the barbs of the aortic stent-graft and the attempts to remove the sheath resulted in an upward migration of the stent-grafts. A bail-out endovascular procedure was used to reline the stent-grafts and the pseudoaneurysmal sac was embolized with coils.     

新一代Captivia后释放输送系统Valiant主动脉覆膜支架使用初步体会

目的 初步评估Valiant Captivia主动脉覆膜支架在主动脉Stanford B型夹层主动脉腔内修复术（thoracic endovascular aortic repair,TEVAR）中应用的有效性及安全性.方法 收集从2012年1月至2012年6月在广东省人民医院住院,行Stanford B型主动脉夹层TEVAR,并使用Valiant支架传统输送系统或新一代Captivia输送系统的Valiant覆膜支架系统、病历资料完整的患者共40例.其中使用Valiant组25例,使用Captivia组15例.所有患者采用局部麻醉,经皮穿刺技术,使用快速右心室起搏进行起搏过程中控制性降压,通过造影进行支架定位.比较两组的移植物定位准确性、手术时间、内漏和并发症发生率等.结果 两组的基线资料包括年龄、性别及并发疾病、基础血压、支架释放时血压及介入后血压比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.两组围术期心率包括基础、支架释放时,及介入治疗后心率和手术时间比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.但从移植物定位准确性看,Captivia组与Valiant组相比较少产生移植物移位,差异有统计学意义[（4.9±2.4）mm vs.（3.3±1.8）mm,P=0.028].两组支架释放后即时造影发现残留内漏发生率及术后出现脊髓缺血的发生率比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.结论 与原Valiant支架相比,新一代使用后释放设计的Valiant（R） Captivia支架释放时能更安全、简便地调整支架位置,有助于支架的精确释放.     

单中心颈动脉狭窄患者支架植入术的远期疗效

目的探讨颈动脉狭窄患者行支架植入术的安全性及近、远期疗效。方法回顾性分析2005年1月至2010年12月在沈阳军区总医院住院的48例颈动脉狭窄患者,在远端脑保护装置下植入颈动脉支架,观察其围术期并发症及临床疗效。结果48例颈动脉狭窄患者,年龄（66±6.8）岁,男41例（85.4%,41/48）,靶病变1处/例,病变长度（22.5±10.3）mm,狭窄程度88.5%±9.9%。手术成功率100%,植入颈动脉自膨式支架1枚/例,使用远端滤网保护装置1个/例,支架直径（7.3±2.4）mm,长度（36.0±5.5）mm,术后即刻残余狭窄程度5.6%±4.5%。术中11例（22.9%,11/48）出现心率减慢,于术中给予1 mg阿托品静脉注射,心率恢复至正常范围。2例（4.2%,2/48）出现一侧肢体活动障碍,经治疗24 h后好转,术后无严重并发症发生。随访（36.2±15.5）个月,随访率93.8%（45/48）,2例（4.4%,2/48）患者死亡,其中1例死于肺癌,1例死于缺血性脑卒中,4例（8.9%,4/48）患者仍有头晕发作,3例（6.7%,3/48）偶有肢体麻木,无严重脑缺血发作,无脑梗死、脑出血发生。术后6～12个月复查增强计算机断层扫描：无颈动脉、椎动脉及肾动脉支架内再狭窄。结论在远端脑保护装置下行颈动脉支架植入术是治疗颈动脉狭窄安全有效的手段,手术成功率高,长期临床随访患者仍能从中获益。     

Endovascular maneuvers for contralateral stent graft limb misplacement in endovascular aortic repair

Cannulation and placement of the contralateral stent graft limb during endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) procedure are crucial steps as mispositioning may lead to conversion to open aortic repair. Endovascular bail-out strategies for stent graft relocation in EVAR are underreported though detailed knowledge may facilitate application and prevent conversion. We present three endovascular bail-out strategies for repositioning of a mispositioned contralateral stent graft limb. (1) Retraction of the mispositioned component with an inflated reliant balloon and placement of an interposition stent graft after successful cannulation; (2) Push-maneuver of the mispositioned stent graft into the infrarenal aortic aneurysm with an inflated reliant balloon supported by a large lumen introducer sheath and (3) Parallel placement of a second contralateral stent graft limb displacing the mispositioned one against the atrial wall in cases with adequate vessel diameter. Prevention of stent graft mispositioning by applying recognized tests to ensure correct placement are essential, following the slogan: check twice, deploy once.     

Viabahn覆膜支架在复杂股浅动脉闭塞性疾病中的应用

随着新器械、新技术不断涌现和临床医师的不懈努力,股动脉闭塞性病变的治疗方法在不断进步,并逐渐朝安全、有效和微创的方向发展。短段股动脉病变一般行经皮血管腔内血管成形术(PTA)或PTA加裸支架植入术,效果可靠。长段复杂的股浅动脉病变,传统的膝上股股转流术是公认的治疗方式。新型Viabahn覆膜支架的出现使得"腔内转流"成为了可能,它治疗复杂股浅动脉病变较传统治疗优势显著,通畅率满意,并可达到与人工血管旁路术相媲美的临床效果,本文综述了此方面的研究进展。     

经皮血管内支架成形术治疗颈动脉狭窄

目的　探讨经皮血管内支架成形术治疗颈动脉狭窄的手术方法、适应证及操作技巧。方法　本组 2 2例颈动脉狭窄患者均采用经股动脉入路 ,对颈动脉颈段狭窄者应用自膨式支架进行血管成形 ,对位于颈动脉海绵窦段的狭窄则使用管状支架治疗。结果　 2 0例患者术后的颈动脉狭窄段直径较术前扩大 ,达到正常管径的 6 0 %以上 ,2例达到 30 %。 2 2例患者临床缺血体征术后明显改善 ,没有发生并发症。随访 2～ 2 4个月未见脑缺血发作。结论　经皮血管内支架成形术是治疗颈动脉狭窄的简便安全方式之一。但是缓慢及准确的操作仍是手术成功的关键。