Verapamil in the treatment of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia

Verapamil is a novel antiarrhythmic agent which appears to act as a calcium-ion antagonist, blocking calcium transport across the myocardial cell membrane. It was given intravenously, in a dose of 10 mg, to thirty-two patients suffering from paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, and sinus rhythm was achieved promptly in all. Identical results were obtained in a further ten patients with supraventricular tachycardias associated with the Wolff-Parkinson-White or other pre-excitation syndromes. In a separate group of eighteen patients in whom A-V junctional tachycardias were induced during intracardiac electrography, conversion to sinus rhythm was achieved in fifteen patients, with prolongation of the cycle length in the others. Circus-movement tachycardias were induced in eight patients with the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, and conversion to sinus rhythm was achieved in seven. The results were less consistent in patients with other supraventricular arrhythmias including ectopic atrial tachycardia and atrial flutter, and, in the single patient with supraventricular and ventricular tachycardia, only the former was controlled. In the single patient with atrial fibrillation complicating the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome who received verapamil, sinus rhythm was restored. Side effects were few and mild, with rare exceptions of profound hypotension, bradycardia and asystole; their management is discussed, and reasons are advanced why their occurrence is likely to be related either to the concomitant administration of beta-adrenergic blockers or to the presence of sinoatrial disease. It appears that verapamil is particularly suitable for the treatment of supraventricular tachycardias due to a circus movement as calcium antagonism is likely to be most effective in the N region of the atrioventricular node.     

电生理-药物试验对治疗心动过速的意义

报告5例心动过速患者6次电生理-药物试验(EPPT)结果。A组3例[2例室上性心动过速(SV7)与1例复发性持续性室性心动过速(RVT)]仅做了静注异搏定的急性药物试验,RVT患者间隔9月后复发而做了第2次EPPT;B组2例(1例SVT与1例RVT)做了持续一周的系列EPPT。EPPT不仅明确了各例心动过速发生的机理,而且找到了有效的治疗方法——有效的治疗药物和(或)有效的起搏终止心动过速的方式。     

Electrocardiography Series. What is the cause of the regular wide QRS complex tachycardia?

Regular broad QRS complex tachycardias may be ventricular in origin or due to supraventricular tachycardia with aberrancy. Antidromic atrioventricular re-entrant tachycardia occurring in Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome is a third possibility. The electrocardiogram is a key tool for distinguishing these tachycardias, which have differing causes, prognoses and treatment strategies. Ventricular tachycardia may be monomorphic or polymorphic. The management of ventricular tachycardia depends on clinical symptoms and is influenced by the presence of structural heart disease.     

Short PR intervals and tachyarrhythmias in Fabry's disease

Two brothers with Fabry's disease presenting with palpitations were found to have intermittent supraventricular tachycardias. Their electrocardiograms, when symptom-free, revealed short PR intervals consistent with ventricular pre-excitation. Treatment of one of the brothers with verapamil resulted in improvement of the palpitations and reduction in frequency of the tachycardia. Recurrent supraventricular tachycardia associated with ventricular pre-excitation has not previously been described in Fabry's disease. Evidence suggests that this complication may be due to glycolipid deposition in the conducting system around the atrioventricular node.     

VERAPAMIL TREATMENT OF TORSADES DE POINTESVENTRICULAR TACHYARRHYTHMIA IN PARTICULAR PATTERN

This paper reports two cases of "Torsades depointes" ventricular tachyarrhythmia (TPVT) in particular form. The electrocardiographic characteristicsshowed the presence of abnormally short couplingintervals of premature ventricular contractions(PVCs)as well as the PVCs initiating tachycardias in the set-ting of normal QT intervals. The tachycardias weresusceptible to verapamil and refractory to other an-tiarrhythmic agents. Either triggered activity or re-entry due to slow inward current is considered forthe mechanism of this type of tachyarrhythmia.     

Vi/Vt比值对宽QRS心动过速鉴别诊断的临床价值

目的探讨心室初始除极速度(Vi)与终末除极速度(Vt)比值(Vi/Vt)对宽QRS心动过速鉴别的临床价值。方法选择2006年1月～2011年1月在都江堰市人民医院就诊并经食道内心电图和/或心腔内心电图确诊的宽QRS心动过速患者80例,运用Vi/Vt比值进行分析,以评价其诊断宽QRS心动过速的敏感性和特异性。结果 Vi/Vt比值诊断宽QRS心动过速敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、诊断符合率分别为89.7%、86.4%、94.5%、76.0%和88.7%。结论 Vi/Vt比值是宽QRS心动过速鉴别的重要方法之一,充分考虑Vi/Vt比值的影响因素后,能够快速、正确识别诊断宽QRS心动过速,具有临床推广应用价值。     

窦性心律下射频导管消融起源于希蒲系统特发性室性心动过速的临床观察

目的:探讨窦性心律下射频导管消融(RFCA)起源于希蒲系统特发性室性心动过速(IVT)的临床结果.方法:23例起源于希蒲系统IVT,按消融方法分为两组:(1)心动过速消融组,为9例患者,以心动过速下最早提前P电位为靶点,在心动过速下进行消融;(2)窦性心律消融组,为14例患者,以心动过速下记录最早P电位且窦律下试放电过程中出现同形或近似室性早搏及短阵室性心动过速为靶点,在窦律下进行消融.术后反复程序刺激不能诱发心动过速为消融终点.观察两种不同消融方法的临床结果.结果:两组在手术成功率、手术时间、X线曝光时间、并发症发生率及复发率方面无明显差别.结论:窦性心律下射频消融起源于希蒲系统IVT安全、有效.     

Endocardial mapping and ablation of tachycardia guided by noncontact balloon catheter mapping system

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5例分支内折返型室速的诊治体会

分支内折返型室速又称维拉帕米敏感性室速,在左室特发性室速中最常见。其产生的电生理机制是折返。通常见于心脏结构正常的年轻患者,应用维拉帕米可有效治疗此种室速。应用浦肯野纤维和舒张期电位指引进行射频消融有较高疗效。本文旨在对5例分支内折返型室速的诊治过程分析,总结诊治经验。     

分支性搏动与室性心动过速的诊断与治疗（附2例报告）

本文报告２例无明显器质性心脏病、心电图示ＱＲＳ时限＜０．１２秒、呈不完全性束支传导阻滞伴电轴偏移的分支性室性心动过速患者。室速经静注异搏定和心律平能中止发作，而对利多卡因静注反应差。并就此类心律失常的诊断与治疗作了简要讨论。     

单相动作电位在右心室流出道室性心律失常发病机制中的研究

目的采用单相动作电位(monophasicactionpotential,MAP)研究右心室流出道室性心律失常的发病机制。方法52例右心室流出道室性心律失常的病人,在记录室性早搏或室性心动过速时同步记录MAP。结果15例室性早搏病人均未记录到早期后除极(earlyafterdepolarization,EAD),12例室性心动过速病人在诱发室性心动过速的第1个早搏的同时可同步记录到EAD,所有病人均未记录到晚期后除极(dilateafterdepolarization,DAD)。结论触发活动可能不是右心室流出道室性早搏的发病机制,而部分右心室流出道室性心动过速的发病机制可能是触发活动。     

运用Vereckei四步法对宽QRS波心律失常的临床分析

目的分析宽QRS波心律失常患者的临床鉴别诊断方法。方法收集既往诊断明确的62例宽QRS波心动过速患者的临床心电图,使用Vereckei四步法进行分析诊断。结果 62例宽QRS波心动过速患者中,9例为室上性心动过速伴差异传导,10例为室上性心动过速伴预激旁路前传,43例为室性心动过速。QRS波越宽,则提示为室速的可能性越大。结论 Vereckei四步法分析方法简单,准确度较高,值得临床推广应用。     

儿童阵发性心动过速65例临床特征及导管射频消融效果

目的 探讨儿童不同类型心动过速的临床特点及其射频消融效果。方法 对2000年12月～2004年12月在我院住院并接受经导管射频消融术（RFCA）治疗的65例儿童快速心律失常的临床特征及RFCA治疗结果进行回顾性分析。结果 65例患者心动过速患儿中房室折返性心动过速（AVRT）28例,房室结折返性心动过速（AVNRT）25例,房性心动过速4例（其中1例合并心房扑动）,特发性室性心动过速8例。RFCA治疗总成功率为92．3％（60／65）,其中左侧房室旁道及AVNRT患者成功率最高,分别为100％与96％。2例患者于术后出现迟发性房室传导阻滞,经用激素治疗后完全恢复正常;无血管损伤及心包填塞等并发症发生。随访6～48个月,3例复发（占4．6％）,均再次手术获得成功。结论 AVRT和AVNRT是儿童心动过速中最常见的类型,用RFCA治疗儿童快速性心律失常安全、有效。     

A tale of two tachycardias

A patient with non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy, and pre-existing atypical atrial flutter and left bundle branch block, developed broad complex tachycardia. In this unique and uncommon case of double tachycardia, we discuss the diagnostic approach of ventricular tachycardia in patients with broad complex tachycardia, and the use of different contemporary algorithms to help diagnose ventricular tachycardia and differentiate it from supraventricular tachycardia with aberrant conduction.     

异搏定治疗特殊类型室性心动过速的临床疗效与安全性研究

目的：探讨异搏定治疗特殊类型室性心动过速(室速)的临床疗效与安全性。方法：对22例特发性单形性室速和短联律间距室性早搏(室早)诱发的多形性室速患者，使用异搏定5～10mg／次，稀释后缓慢静脉注射，监测注药前后的心电与血压改变。室速终止后口服该药40～80mg，3次／d，维持治疗。结果：1例患者死亡，余21例均予静脉注射该药而及时终止了室速发作，部分静脉注射总量超过20mg的患者出现短时血压下降和窦房结功能抑制。16例口服维持治疗并随访8个月至6年的患者，室速未再发作或发作次数明显减少。结论：异搏定对于这类特殊类型室速的疗效肯定，安全性较好，副作用少，不良反应发生与剂量有关。但异搏定不能防止短联律间距室早诱发的多形性室速患者的猝死发生。     

射频导管消融术治疗冠心病合并顽固性室性心动过速

５例冠心病合并顽固性室性心动过速患者,在室速发作时ＱＲＳ波群呈完全性右束支传导阻滞图形,电轴左偏。采用射频导管消融术成功地终止了室速。终止室速的消融“靶点”均位于左心室后间隔区。随访６－２２个月无复发。     

丙戊酸镁治疗100例心律失常的疗效分析

用单盲法安慰剂自身对照和双盲法在动态心电图监测下与慢心律对照,口服丙戊酸镁治疗100例各型心律失常,显效37例,好转28例,总有效率为65％。其中室性早搏有效率为63％;房性早搏有效率为80％;交界性早搏有效率为63％;阵发性定性心动过速3例均显效。不良反应有恶心、呕吐、腹泻、嗜睡、头痛、晕眩、耳呜、胸闷和乏力等。     

分支性室性心动过速的临床研究

本文对 2 1例分支性室速的临床特点、心电图表现 ,及治疗反应进行研究。结果表明 ,此型室性心动过速病人均为年轻病例 ,无临床心脏病器质性证据 ,心动过速反复发作。发作时 ,心电图呈右束支阻滞伴电轴左偏或右偏。心动过速终止后 ,下壁和前壁导联呈T波倒置 ,故极易误诊为心肌缺血。此型室速对异博定有特效 ,预后良好。     

利福平对维拉帕米抗心律失常作用的影响

目的：研究药物的相互作用。方法：建立Cacl2诱发大白鼠心律失常的模型，一组用维拉帕米预防实验性心律失常，另一组利福平与维拉帕米合用预防实验性心律失常，比较两组结果。结果：大白鼠发生室性心动过速的时间，给药组与对照组比较有显著性差异（P＜0．05），合用组与单用组比较亦有显著性差异（P＜0．05），结论：利福平与维拉帕米合用后，维拉帕米抗大白鼠室性心动过速的作用明显减弱。     

射频消融治疗快速型心律失常临床分析

目的 分析总结经导管射频消融（RFCA）治疗快速型心律失常特别是阵发性房室结内折返性心动过速（AVNRT）和房室折返性心动过速（AVRT）的疗效,以指导临床工作。方法 回顾性分析418例经导管射频消融治疗快速型心律失常患者的治疗效果,包括房室结内折反性心动过速（AVNRT）130例,左侧旁道230,右侧旁道45例,室性心动过速（IVT）10例,房性心动过速3例,采用常规方法进行电生理检查和射频消融。结果 总成功率97．9％,其中房室结双径路和左侧房室旁道介导的阵发性室上速射频消融成功率高达98％以上。射频消融术后复发率2．9％,其中AVNRT复发3例,AVRT复发8例。IVT复发1例,12例再次RFEA均获成功。3例发生完全性房室传导阻滞,2例植入心脏起搏器,1例损伤主动脉瓣,引起反流。2例出现深静脉血栓及肺栓塞,无死亡病例。结论 经导管射频消融是治疗快速型心律失常安全有效的方法,适合于各类人群,以AVNRT和AVRT效果最好。