颏下岛状瓣修复舌癌切除术后舌与口底组织缺损

目的评价颏下岛状瓣修复舌组织缺损的临床效果及其应用价值。方法1997年3月~2004年10月,对9例舌癌患者在行舌颌颈联合根治术后所形成的舌或舌与口底组织缺损,应用颏下岛状瓣修复。其中男6例,女3例,年龄48~71岁。右半侧舌5例,左半侧舌4例,其中病变侵及口底者4例。组织缺损范围4.2 cm×3.2 cm~5.5 cm×4.0 cm。修复所用组织瓣大小为6.0 cm×3.0 cm~7.0 cm×4.0 cm。以颏下动脉为蒂8例,颏下动脉联合颌外动脉近心端为蒂1例。结果术后8例颏下岛状瓣成活。修复后舌体静态形态佳;动态表现前伸、上举、侧向运动不受限,语音清晰,吞咽功能良好,未发生任何并发症。3例术后3周放疗。随访1~36个月,舌无异常变化。1例组织瓣坏死脱落,创面自然愈合。结论颏下岛状瓣修复舌缺损,手术方法简便,并能提供足量组织同时修复口底缺损。     

颏下岛状皮瓣的临床应用

介绍应用颏下岛状皮瓣修复面部皮肤软组织缺损。应用颏下岛状皮瓣修复因创伤、瘢痕或痣切除所致面部皮肤软组织缺损 10例 ,皮瓣面积最大者 10cm× 5cm ,最小者 5cm× 3cm。 10例皮瓣均完全成活 ,面部形态满意。颏下岛状皮瓣是修复面部皮肤软组织缺损的理想选择     

颏下岛状瓣修复口腔颌面部缺损

目的探讨颏下岛状瓣修复重建口腔颌面部缺损的临床效果,为临床应用提供经验。方法以颏下动静脉为血管蒂,形成颏下岛状瓣,带蒂移位,修复由于肿瘤切除或外伤所致的口腔颌面部缺损,观察近期的临床效果。结果12例颌面部缺损的患者,采用颏下岛状瓣最大面积为8.0cm×4.0cm,最小面积为4.0cm×2.5cm。随访3～12个月,皮瓣全部成活,供区瘢痕轻微,功能与外观满意。结论颏下岛状瓣在修复口腔颌面部缺损中具有操作方便,成活率高等特点,是修复口腔颌面部缺损的一种理想的术式选择。     

颏下岛状瓣修复口腔颌面部缺损

目的 探讨颏下岛状瓣修复重建口腔颌面部缺损的临床效果,为临床应用提供经验.方法 以颏下动静脉为血管蒂,形成颏下岛状瓣,带蒂移位,修复由于肿瘤切除或外伤所致的口腔颌面部缺损,观察近期的临床效果.结果 12例颌面部缺损的患者,采用颏下岛状瓣最大面积为8.0 cm×4.0 cm,最小面积为4.0 cm×2.5 cm.随访3～12个月,皮瓣全部成活,供区瘢痕轻微,功能与外观满意.结论 颏下岛状瓣在修复口腔颌面部缺损中具有操作方便,成活率高等特点,是修复口腔颌面部缺损的一种理想的术式选择.     

颏下动脉颈部岛状扩张皮瓣修复面部软组织缺损

目的 探讨以颏下动脉为蒂的颈部扩张皮瓣在面部软组织缺损修复中的临床应用效果.方法 2004年9月至2008年9月,应用以颏下血管为蒂的颈部岛状扩张皮瓣修复面部软组织缺损12例.手术分两期进行,一期行颈部扩张器植入术,二期以一侧颏下动脉为蒂,设计岛状皮瓣转移修复面部软组织缺损.皮瓣的最大面积16 cm×9 cm.结果 12例皮瓣全部成活,其中1例因静脉回流不畅而出现皮瓣远端表皮坏死,经换药等治疗后愈合.4例获得远期随访,随访时间为6个月至2年,皮瓣质地及色泽均接近面部正常组织,外形满意,颈部供区瘢痕隐蔽、活动无明显受限.结论 颏下动脉走行恒定,颈部扩张后可以提供较大面积高质量的皮肤组织,以颏下动脉为蒂的颈部岛状扩张皮瓣是修复面部损伤后瘢痕挛缩及面部浅表肿瘤切除后组织缺损的较好的方法.     

颏下岛状皮瓣的临床应用

介绍应用颏下岛状皮瓣修复面部皮肤软组织缺损.应用颏下岛状皮瓣修复因创伤、瘢痕或痣切除所致面部皮肤软组织缺损10例,皮瓣面积最大者10cm×5cm,最小者5cm×3cm.10例皮瓣均完全成活,面部形态满意.颏下岛状皮瓣是修复面部皮肤软组织缺损的理想选择.     

颏下动脉蒂岛状瓣修复下颜面部皮肤软组织缺损

目的：探讨颏下动脉蒂岛状皮瓣修复下颜面部皮肤软组织缺损的可行性及优越性。方法：对16例多种病变切除后所造成的下颜面部皮肤软组织缺损，设计以颏下动脉为蒂的岛状皮瓣进行修复。结果：16例被修复的患者术后皮瓣完全成活。术后随访1—2年，所有患者对术区外观感到满意，无再度挛缩显现发生。结论：颏下动脉蒂岛状瓣具有下颜面部组织类似的特性，颜色、质地好，供区隐蔽，手术操作相对简单，安全、快速，是修复下颜面部皮肤软组织缺损的较好方法。     

应用腹壁下动脉穿支岛状皮瓣修复会阴部软组织缺损

目的提供一种修复会阴前区软组织缺损的方法.方法采用腹壁下动静脉为血管蒂,保持腹直肌的完整性,形成腹壁下动脉穿支岛状皮瓣,带蒂移位,修复会阴前区皮肤肿瘤切除或放疗所致的大面积创面.结果本组6例患者,皮瓣切取面积6.0 cm×12.0 cm～10.0 cm×28.0 cm.皮瓣全部成活,供瓣区无腹壁薄弱、腹壁疝等并发症发生.结论腹壁下动脉穿支岛状皮瓣血运丰富,不损伤腹直肌,是修复会阴部大面积缺损的一种较好的方法.     

颏下岛状皮瓣在舌癌术后组织缺损修复中的临床应用

目的：总结颏下岛状皮瓣修复舌癌术后组织缺损的临床经验。方法：对我科收治的11例舌癌术后缺损患者进行颏下岛状瓣修复,其中男性7例,女性4例,全部病例行舌癌扩大切除术,舌缺损采用颏下动脉岛状皮瓣同期修复。术后观察组织瓣生长情况以及修复效果。结果：10例皮瓣存活,皮瓣形态自然美观,舌活动灵活,基本恢复解剖形态和生理功能。术后随访12个月,未发现复发和转移。1例男性患者组织瓣上有胡须生长。1例出现皮瓣远端部分坏死,二期愈合。结论：应用颏下岛状皮瓣修复舌癌术后缺损操作简单,修复效果良好,是一种有效的修复方法。     

颏下动脉岛状瓣在颜面部软组织缺损修复中的应用

目的探讨颏下动脉岛状瓣在修复颜面部软组织缺损中的应用。方法2007年7月至2014年3月,收治颜面部软组织缺损患者10例,其中外伤2例,面部鳞癌4例,面部基底细胞癌1例,烫伤或烧伤后瘢痕增生3例。根据缺损位置及大小设计颏下动脉岛状瓣进行修复,最小为3cm×6cm,最大为4cm×10cm。结果术后皮瓣存在不同程度的肿胀苍白及淤血,5d后逐渐改善。1例皮瓣远端出现坏死,经换药处理愈合。术后随访3~12个月,3例供皮区采用全厚皮覆盖创面,随访期间发现皮片不同程度收缩。其余受区外观及功能均较满意,供区瘢痕隐蔽。结论颏下动脉岛状瓣与面部软组织在质地、颜色上非常相似,皮瓣血供可靠,成活率高,是修复颜面部软组织缺损的较好选择。     

Vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction during major abdominal surgery

Background : We investigated the vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction (MT) with hypotension due to prostacyclin (PGI₂) release in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with a combined general and epidural anesthesia. Methods : In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study we administered 400 mg ibuprofen (i.v.) in 42 patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. General anesthesia was combined with epidural anesthesia (T4-L1). Before as well as 5, 15, 30, 45, and 90 min after MT we recorded plasma osmolality, hemodynamics and measured 6-keto-PGFlα (stabile metabolite of PGI₂), TXB₂ (stabile metabolite of thromboxane A₂) active renin, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) plasma concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Catecholamine levels were assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Results : Following MT, arterial hypotension occurred along with a substantial PGI₂ release. This was completely abolished by ibuprofen administration. Although plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF_1α (1133 (708) vs. 60 (3) ng/L, median (median absolute deviation), P=0.0001, placebo vs. ibuprofen) remained significantly elevated, blood pressure was restored within 30 min after MT in the placebo group. At the same point in time plasma concentrations of TXB² (164 (87) vs. 58 (1) ng/L, P=0.0001), epinephrine (46 (33) vs. 14 (6) ng/L, P=0.001), AVP (41 ± (18) vs. 12 (7) ng/L, P=0.0004), and active renin (27 (12) vs. 12 (4) ng/L, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in placebo-treated patients. Conclusion : Under combined general and epidural anesthesia arterial hypotension following MT due to endogenous PGI₂ release is associated with enhanced release of AVP, active renin, epinephrine and thromboxane A₂, presumably contributing to hemodynamic stability within 30 min after MT.     

A Teaspoon Pump for Pumping Blood with High Hydraulic Efficiency and Low Hemolysis Potential

Abstract: Virtually all blood pumps contain some kind of rubbing, sliding, closely moving machinery surfaces that are exposed to the blood being pumped. These valves, internal bearings, magnetic bearing position sensors, and shaft seals cause most of the problems with blood pumps. The original teaspoon pump design prevented the rubbing, sliding machinery surfaces from contacting the blood. However, the hydraulic efficiency was low because the blood was able to "slip around" the rotating impeller so that the blood itself never rotated fast enough to develop adequate pressure. An improved teaspoon blood pump has been designed and tested and has shown acceptable hydraulic performance and low hemolysis potential. The new pump uses a nonrotating "swinging" hose as the pump impeller. The fluid enters the pump through the center of the swinging hose; therefore, there can be no fluid slip between the revolving blood and the revolving impeller. The new pump uses an impeller that is comparable to a flexible garden hose. If the free end of the hose were swung around in a circle like half of a jump rope, the fluid inside the hose would rotate and develop pressure even though the hose impeller itself did not "rotate"; therefore, no rotating shaft seal or internal bearings are required.     

Microspheres Based Detoxification System: A New Method in Convective Blood Purification

Abstract: A variety of protein-bound or hydrophobic substances, accumulating as a result of pathologic conditions such as exogenous or endogenous intoxications, are removed poorly by conventional detoxification methods because of low accessibility (hemodialysis), insufficient adsorption capabilities (hemosorption), low efficiency (peritoneal dialysis), or economic limitations (high-volume plasmapheresis). Combining advantages of existing methods with microspheric technology, a module-based system was designed. Major operating parameters of the latter can be modified to allow for adjustment to individual clinical situations. An extracorporeal blood circuit including a plasmafilter is combined with a secondary high-velocity plasma circuit driven by a centrifugal pump. Different microspheric adsorbers can be combined in one circuit or applied in sequence. Thus, a prolonged treatment can be tailored using specially designed selective adsorber materials. Comparing this system with existing methods (high-flux hemodialysis, molecular adsorbent recycling system), results from our in vitro studies and animal experiments demonstrate the superior efficiency of substance removal.     

Tissue perfusion in relation to cardiac output during continuous positive-pressure ventilation and administration of propranolol or verapamil

Background : Our objective was to determine whether administration of propranolol or verapamil modifies the hemodynamic adaptation to continuous positive-pressure ventilation (CPPV), in particular the regional distribution of cardiac output (CO).
Methods : General hemodynamics and regional blood flows assessed by microsphere technique (15 (μm) were recorded in 16 anesthetized pigs during spontaneous breathing (SB) and CPPV with 8 cm H₂O end-expiratory pressure (CPPV8) before and after intravenous administration of propranolol (0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.15 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8) or verapamil (0.1 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8).
Results : CPPV8 depressed CO by 25% without shifts in its relative distribution with the exception of a noteworthy increase in adrenal perfusion. Propranolol increased arterial blood pressure, and due to a fall in heart rate, CO dropped by 25%. The kidneys and, to a lesser extent, the splanchic region and central nervous system received increased fractions of the remaining CO at the expense of skeletal muscle flow. Similar patterns were seen during SB and CPPV8 such that the combination of propranolol and CPPV8 depressed CO by 50%. The circulatory effects of verapamil were less evident but myocardial perfusion tended to increase.
Conclusions : The combination of propranolol or verapamil with CPPV does not result in any specific hemodynamic interaction in anesthetized pigs, except that the combined effect of propranolol and CPPV may severely reduce CO.     

Volatile anaesthetics reduce adhesion of blood platelets under low-flow conditions in the coronary system of isolated guinea pig hearts

Background : Inhibitory effects of volatile anaesthetics on platelet aggregation have been demonstrated in several studies. However, the influence of volatile anaesthetics on intracoronary platelet adhesion has not been elucidated so far.
Methods : Isolated hearts of guinea pigs were perfused with buffer in the absence or presence of volatile anaesthetics (0.5 and 1 MAC) at constant coronary flow rates of 5 ml/min for 25 min, then 1 ml/min for 30 min and again 5 ml/min for 10 min. Before, during and after low-flow perfusion, a bolus of human platelets was applied into the coronary system. To simulate thrombogenic conditions, 0.3 U/ml human thrombin was infused during low-flow perfusion and reperfusion. The number of platelets sequestered to the endothelium was calculated from the difference between coronary in- and output of platelets. The myocardial production of lactate and consumption of pyruvate and coronary perfusion pressure were also determined.
Results : At a flow rate of 5 ml/min only about 3% of the applied platelets did not emerge from the coronary system, in any group. In contrast, 13.1±1.2% (mean±SEM) of infused platelets became adherent in low-flow perfusion in the control group without anaesthetic. The adherence was reduced with each 1 MAC isoflurane (to 6.2±1.2%), sevoflurane (to 4.4±0.9%) or halothane (to 3.2±1.5%) (each P <0.05 vs. control). Volatile anaesthetic, 0.5 MAC, did not inhibit platelet adhesion to a statistically significant extent in any case. Perfusion pressure and metabolic parameters were not statistically different between the control and the hearts exposed to anaesthetics.
Conclusion : Volatile anaesthetics in a concentration of 1 MAC can reduce the adhesion of platelets in the coronary system under reduced flow conditions. This action does not arise from vasodilation or inhibition of ischaemic stress.     

Bariatric Surgery in Some "Central and East-European (former Eastern bloc)"Countries - Current Status and Prediction for the Next Millennium

Background: Obesity is increasing globallly, including in the formerly "Eastern Bloc" countries. Methods: A survey was made of obesity and bariatric surgery. Results: In the 8 East and Central European countries studied, with total population 300 million, roughly 43% of the population was overweight (BMI 25-30), 23% obese (BMI > 30), with about 15 million people morbidly obese (BMI > 40). From 0-10 morbidly obese individuals/100,000/year undergo bariatric surgery. Conclusion: Most countries were found to provide inadequate treatment for obesity.The majority of the morbidly obese are not treated effectively. However, health-care awareness of obesity and bariatric surgeons are slowly increasing.     

Synergistic interaction between the effects of propofol and midazolam with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity in rabbits

Background: It has been shown that the depressive effects of both propofol and midazolam on consciousness are synergistic with opioids, but the nature of their interactions on other physiological systems, e. g. respiration, has not been fully investigated. The present study examined the effect of propofol and midazolam alone and in combination with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity (PNA) and whether such interactions are additive or synergistic. Methods: PNA was recorded in 27 anaesthetised and artificially ventilated rabbits. In three groups, propofol, fentanyl and midazolam were administered intravenously in incremental doses to construct dose-response curves for the depressant effects of each one on PNA. In another two groups, the effect of pretreatment with either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. on the effects of propofol and fentanyl respectively on PNA were studied. Results: Propofol and fentanyl caused a dose-dependent depression of PNA with complete abolition at the highest total doses of 16 mg · kg^?1 i. v. and 32 μg · kg^?1 i. v., respectively. In contrast, midazolam in incremental doses to a total of 0.8 mg · kg^?1 reduced mean PNA by 63%, but approximately 12% of PNA remained at a total dose as high as 6.4 mg · kg^?1. The mean ED₅₀s, calculated from dose-response curves, were 5.4 mg · kg^?1, 3.9 μg · kg^?1 and 0.4 mg · kg^?1 for propofol, fentanyl and midazolam, respectively. Initial doses of either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. acted synergistically with subsequent doses of either propofol or fentanyl to abolish PNA at total doses of 8 mg · kg^?1 and 8 μg · kg^?1, respectively. Conclusion: Fentanyl has a synergistic interaction with both propofol and midazolam on PNA and hence potentially on respiration.     

Influence of dopexamine hydrochloride on haemodynamics and regulators of circulation in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery

Background: Catecholaminergic support is often used to improve haemodynamics in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Dopexamine is a synthetic vasoactive catecholamine with beneficial microcirculatory properties. Methods: The influence of perioperative administration of dopexamine on cardiorespiratory data and important regulators of macro- and microcirculation were studied in 30 patients undergoing Whipple pancreaticduodenectomy. The patients received randomized and blinded either 2 μg · kg^?1 · min^?1 of dopexamine (n=15) or placebo (n=15, control group). The infusion was started after induction of anaesthesia and continued until the morning of the first postoperative day. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), vasopressin, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and catecholamine plasma levels were measured from arterial blood samples. Measurements were carried out after induction of anaesthesia, 2 h after onset of surgery, at the end of surgery, 2 h after surgery, and on the morning of the first postoperative day. Results: Cardiac index (CI) increased significantly in the dopexamine group (from 2.61±0.41 to 4.57±0.78 1 · min^?1 · m^?2) and remained elevated until the morning of the first postoperative day. Oxygen delivery index (DO₂I) and oxygen consumption index (VO₂I) were also significantly increased in the dopexamine group (DO₂I: from 416±91 to 717±110 ml/m² · m²; VO₂I: from 98±25 to 157±22 ml/m² · m²), being significantly higher than in the control group. pHi remained stable only in the dopexamine patients, indicating adequate splanchnic perfusion. Vasopressive regulators of circulation increased significantly only in the untreated control patients (vasopressin: from 4.37±1.1 to 35.9±12.1 pg/ml; ET-1: from 2.88±0.91 to 6.91±1.20 pg/ml). Conclusion: Patients undergoing major abdominal surgery may profit from prophylactic perioperative administration of dopexamine hydrochloride in the form of improved haemodynamics and oxygenation as well as beneficial influence on important regulators of organ blood flow.     

Immunomodulation in Transplantation with Photopheresis

Abstract: Photopheresis is a technique in which peripheral blood mononuclear cells, in the presence of a photoacti-vatable compound, are exposed extracorporeally to ultraviolet A light and reinfused, inducing a host autoregula-tory immune response. Experimental work and ongoing clinical studies are helping to define the role of this novel, safe, and non-toxic immunomodulating technology in the field of transplantation.