体脂分布与血脂代谢的相关性研究

目的:利用双能X线吸收法(dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry,DEXA)测量体脂分布,分析冠心病与对照组男、女两性不同体脂分布及脂代谢特点。方法:将85位受试者分为冠心病组及对照组,逐一测量身高、体质量、腰围(WC)、臀围(WH)、计算体质量指数(BMI)及腰臀比(WHR);利用DEXA法记录不同部位脂肪含量,计算全身脂肪比例(Total Fat%),腰臀部脂肪比(A/G);检测总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)各项血脂指标。比较2组间体脂、血脂测量指标差异,并分别比较2组间及冠心病组内男性和女性的体脂分布差异,行体脂与血脂的相关性分析。结果:冠心病组的WC、A/G均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。冠心病组男性的BMI、WC、WHR及A/G高于健康人组男性,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),2组女性间比较各体脂指标之间差异无统计学意义。冠心病组内男性WC、WHR高于女性,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。男性HDL-C与A/G、WHR呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。结论:男、女两性体脂分布特点不同,男性更易患腹型肥胖,引起高TG、低HDL为特点的脂代谢紊乱,与冠心病密切相关。     

吉林地区农村中老年体脂肪分布与血脂水平的关系

目的 分析中老年人体脂肪分布与血脂水平的相关性.方法 2010 ～2011年吉林农村整群抽样1 332名40 ～70岁朝鲜族和汉族中老年进行体检,采用日本TANITA株式会社生产的BC-600型体成分计测定体脂肪指标,检测血脂指标,分析体质指数(BMI)、腰臀比(WHR)、体脂肪率(BFP)与血脂异常的相关性.结果 血脂异常患病率为46.4％,朝鲜族高于汉族(P =0.001),血脂异常组体脂肪指标和血脂指标均高于正常组(P＜0.01).BMI、WHR和BFP均与甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)呈正相关,与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)呈负相关.腹型肥胖组血脂异常患病率明显高于全身肥胖组(P＜0.05).腹型肥胖组TG异常检出率高于全身肥胖组,而HDL-C异常检出率低于全身性肥胖组(P＜0.05).结论 血脂异常患病率存在民族差异,体脂肪分布与血脂异常指标和血脂水平有关.     

老年糖尿病周围神经病变的相关危险因素研究

目的探讨老年糖尿病周围神经病变(diabetic peripheral neuropathy,DNP)的相关危险因素。方法将89例老年糖尿病患者按是否合并周围神经病变分为病变组与对照组,观察2组体质量指数(BMI)、腰臀比(WHR)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、三酰甘油(TG)、总胆固醇(TC),高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)及末梢神经功能、下肢血管超声等指标并进行比较分析。结果病变组WHR、LDL-C、下肢血管损伤程度均较对照组升高(P<0.05),神经传导速度、HDL-C较对照组降低(P<0.05),多元回归分析提示DNP与HbA1c、LDL-C、TG、血管病变负相关,与HDL-C正相关。结论DNP的发生与血糖、血脂及血管病变有关。     

2型糖尿病老年女性与肥胖、糖脂代谢关系

测60例患T2DM老年女性病例组和40例正常对照组的BMI和WHR及血脂血糖;双能X线吸收仪DEXA精确的测量身体脂肪的分布.结果1、T2DM组的体重、血压、BMI、WHR、TC、TG、LDL-C、水平高于对照组;前组的Lp(a)、HDL-C则低于后组,差别有统计学意义(P＜0.05).2、肥胖组(WHR＞0.85)的TG、2hPG、ApoB均值大于非肥胖组(WHR≤0.85);前组的HDL-C、Lp(a)均值小于后组(P＜0.05).3、WHR与LDL-C、TC、ApoB、TG、2hPG呈显著正相关,而与HDL-C呈显著负相关(P＜0.05);BMI仅与TG、2hPG呈正相关(P＜0.05).4、T2DM组与对照组比较,前者的上半身脂肪量、体脂肪率、上下半身脂肪率比均高于后者,下半身脂肪率却明显低,两组差别有显著性统计意义(P＜0.05).结论高脂血症老年女性患者的身体脂肪分布呈现上半身型,且易发生糖尿病;2型糖尿病老年女性患者糖代谢紊乱与脂代谢紊乱及肥胖有密切关系.     

素食膳食对动脉粥样硬化危险因素的影响

目的探讨素食膳食方式对动脉粥样硬化的影响。方法选取健康的普食者268名和388名健康的素食者进行横断面研究。采集受试者的基本情况、素食史、生活习惯、血压、人口学资料,采肘静脉血测定空腹血糖(FBG)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、载脂蛋白A1(Apo-A1)和载脂蛋白B(Apo-B)、游离脂肪酸(FFA)、同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、超敏C-反应蛋白(hsCRP)、脂联素(APN)、以及肝肾功等生化指标。结果素食组血压、体重指数、TC、TG、DL-C、LDL-C、Apo-A1、Apo-B、FFA、Hcy、γ-谷氨酰转肽酶(γ-GT)、血尿酸(UA)、空腹血糖(FBG)等均低于普食组(P0.05);而碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、HDL-C与TC的比值、以及脂联素(APN)则显著高于普食组(P0.05或P0.001)。结论素食膳食方式可影响致动脉粥样硬化的危险因素,对防治动脉粥样硬化性疾病具有积极的作用。     

男性体脂肪含量及其分布与血脂关系的研究

目的探讨男性体脂肪含量及脂肪分布与血脂代谢的关系。方法采用临床横断面研究,对194例青岛港男职工行体脂肪测定仪检查和血脂的测定,将所有入选对象分为血脂异常组和血脂正常组,两组之间比较。结果两组间脂肪量和肥胖度差异没有统计学意义(P>0.05);血脂异常组脂肪率、腹部总脂肪面积、腰围(WC)、腰臀比(WHR)和体重高于对照组(P<0.05);脂肪量和肥胖度与甘油三酯(TG)成正相关;腹部总脂肪面积、WC和WHR均与总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白-胆固醇(LDL-C)和TG成正相关,与高密度脂蛋白-胆固醇(HDL-C)成负相关;脂肪率与TC、LDL-C成正相关,与HDL-C成负相关。结论男性脂肪量、尤其是脂肪分布与血脂代谢有关,腹部总脂肪面积是预测心血管危险因素的一个指标。     

奶素食膳食对脂代谢的影响

目的 探讨奶素食膳食方式与血脂谱的关系.方法 选取268名健康的普食者和388名健康的奶素食者进行横断面研究.采集受试者的基本情况,并肘静脉采血测定空腹血糖(FBG)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、载脂蛋白AI(Apo-AI)和载脂蛋白B(Apo-B),以及肝肾功等生化指标.结果 奶素食组TC[(4.15±0.70对4.90+0.92)mmol/L.P<0.01]、HDL-C[(1.17+0.25对1.29+0.23)mmol/L,P<0.01]、LDL-C[(2.43+0.63对3.04+0.82)mmol/L,P<0.01]、Apo-A I[(1.06+0.11对1.22+0.14)g/L,P<0.01]、Apo-B[(0.71±0.17对0.84+0.20)g/L,P<0.01]水平均低于普食组,TC与HDL-C的比值(3.67+0.97对3.89+0.94,P=0.019)也低于普食组.Apo-A I与Apo-B的比值两组间差异无统计学意义.结论 奶素食者具有相对良好的血脂谱特征,奶素食膳食对血脂代谢似具有积极的影响.     

血脂各项指标与血压关系的分析(附1 958例报告)

目的:探讨血压与血脂各项指标的关系。方法:检测1958例体检对象的血压及血脂各项指标(HDL-C、LDL-C、TG、TC),分析不同的血压、不同的性别与各项血脂结果的关系。结果:①HDL-C、LDL-C、TC、TG/HDL-C比值均随着血压的升高而升高,但升高均不明显;②TG均值随着血压的升高而有显著性地升高;③血压高的TG升高率明显高于血压正常的;④TG均值、TG升高率,男性高于女性;⑤TC/HDL-C比值与血压升高无明显关系。结论:血脂的各项指标均有随血压升高而升高的趋势,以TG最为明显,高血压前期发生心脑血管病危险性增加可能与患者TG水平升高有关。     

代谢综合征患者血压变异性和心率变异性的临床研究

目的 通过观察代谢综合征(MS)患者血压变异性(BPV)和心率变异性(HRV),探讨MS对心血管系统自主神经功能的影响.方法 入选MS患者(MS组)110例及对照组46例,分别进行24h动态血压和动态心电图监测,对比分析两组的BPV和HRV的指标.结果 (1)MS组的一般资料(性别比、年龄)及HDL-C与对照组比较,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05);MS组的体质指数(BMI)、腰围(WC)、腰臀比(WHR)、总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、空腹血糖(FBG)、体脂含量(FATc)及体脂比例(FATp)与对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).(2)MS组BPV中9项指标均较对照组显著性增高(P＜0.05);其余3项(dDBPSD、nSBPSD及nDBPSD)指标升高,但无统计学意义(P＞0.05).(3)MS组HRV各项指标与对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).(4)MS与性别、吸烟、心血管病早发家族史、高血压、糖尿病、TG、FBG及MBI具有相关性(P＜0.05);与饮酒、TC、HDL-C及LDL-C无相关性(P＞0.05).结论 MS患者存在心血管系统自主神经功能紊乱,表现为BPV的显著升高和HRV的显著降低,其与性别、吸烟、心血管病早发家族史、高血压病、糖尿病、TG、FBG及MBI相关.     

降脂通脉方对高脂血症大鼠血脂及血液流变学的影响

目的 观察降脂通脉方对高脂饲料诱导的高脂血症模型大鼠血脂及血液流变学的影响.方法 采用高脂饲料制作高脂血症大鼠模型,并以生理盐水、阳性对照药血脂康作对照,观察降脂通脉方对高脂血症大鼠血脂、血液流变学的影响.结果 高脂饲料造成大鼠血脂及血液流变学指标显著升高,降脂通脉方能降低高脂血症大鼠总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、三酰甘油(TG)、全血黏度及血浆黏度水平,升高高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平,以中、高剂量组尤为显著.结论 降脂通脉方具有降低血脂和改善血液流变学指标的作用.     

Nocturnal Blood Pressure, Morning Blood Pressure Surge, and Cerebrovascular Events

Cerebrovascular disease is a common cause of death and major cause of disability worldwide. Even in silent cases (e.g., silent cerebral infarction, white matter lesion), cerebrovascular disease can lead to physical and cognitive impairment, thereby substantially reducing the activities of daily living. Accordingly, the earliest possible action to prevent not only symptomatic but also silent cerebrovascular disease has become a major public health challenge. Hypertension is a potent risk factor for both symptomatic and silent cerebrovascular disease. Twenty-four-hour blood pressure (BP) rather than office BP is closely associated with cerebrovascular disease and/or poor physical and cognitive function. In particular, nocturnal BP and morning BP surge have attracted much attention as risk factors for cerebrovascular diseases independently of 24-h BP level. This review is an attempt to summarize some of the evidence on nocturnal BP level or nocturnal BP dipping status, and morning BP surge as potent risk factors for cerebrovascular disease.     

Ambulatory Blood Pressure,Blood Pressure Variability and Antihypertensive Treatment

Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring is frequently employed in the clinical practice to improve the diagnosis of hypertension and the appropriateness of the decision regarding initiation of antihypertensive treatment. It is also frequently employed to check the efficacy of this treatment in conditions resembling daily life. This paper will describe the effect of a number of antihypertensive drugs on ambulatory blood pressure, based on data collected by our group in the past 10 years. It will then discuss the advantages of ambulatory blood pressure in studies on efficacy of antihypertensive drugs and the importance of this approach for definition of the trough-to-peak ratio of the antihypertensive effect. Some technical and clinical problems inherent to the ambulatory blood pressure monitoring approach will also be discussed.     

Blood coagulation, inflammation, and malaria

Malaria remains a highly prevalent disease in more than 90 countries and accounts for at least 1 million deaths every year. Plasmodium falciparum infection is often associated with a procoagulant tonus characterized by thrombocytopenia and activation of the coagulation cascade and fibrinolytic system; however, bleeding and hemorrhage are uncommon events, suggesting that a compensated state of blood coagulation activation occurs in malaria. This article (i) reviews the literature related to blood coagulation and malaria in a historic perspective, (ii) describes basic mechanisms of coagulation, anticoagulation, and fibrinolysis, (iii) explains the laboratory changes in acute and compensated disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), (iv) discusses the implications of tissue factor (TF) expression in the endothelium of P. falciparum infected patients, and (v) emphasizes the procoagulant role of parasitized red blood cells (RBCs) and activated platelets in the pathogenesis of malaria. This article also presents the Tissue Factor Model (TFM) for malaria pathogenesis, which places TF as the interface between sequestration, endothelial cell (EC) activation, blood coagulation disorder, and inflammation often associated with the disease. The relevance of the coagulation-inflammation cycle for the multiorgan dysfunction and coma is discussed in the context of malaria pathogenesis.     

Orexins,Sleep, and Blood Pressure

Purpose of Review

The aim of this review was to summarize collected data on the role of orexin and orexin neurons in the control of sleep and blood pressure.

Recent Findings

Although orexins (hypocretins) have been known for only 20 years, an impressive amount of data is now available regarding their physiological role. Hypothalamic orexin neurons are responsible for the control of food intake and energy expenditure, motivation, circadian rhythm of sleep and wake, memory, cognitive functions, and the cardiovascular system. Multiple studies show that orexinergic stimulation results in increased blood pressure and heart rate and that this effect may be efficiently attenuated by orexinergic antagonism. Increased activity of orexinergic neurons is also observed in animal models of hypertension.

Summary

Pharmacological intervention in the orexinergic system is now one of the therapeutic possibilities in insomnia. Although the role of orexin in the control of blood pressure is well described, we are still lacking clinical evidence that this is a possibility for a new approach in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.

     

人体测量指标与血脂、血糖及血压水平的典型相关

目的：探讨人体测量指标与心血管危险因素水平的相互关系，确定与心血管危险因素相关最密切的人体测量指标。方法：在江苏省金坛县农村抽取３５～５９岁自然人群（男４９２名；女６０６名），测量身高、体重、腰围、腹围、臀围和血胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、血糖、收缩压、舒张压，计算出体重指数（ＢＭＩ）、腰／臀比（ＷＨＲ）、腹／臀比（ＡＨＲ）和锥削度指数（ＣＩ）后，与血脂、血糖及血压水平作典型相关分析。结果：人体测量指标与心血管危险因素指标呈典型相关（典型相关系数为０．３１～０．５０）；人体测量指标中，体重指数的贡献最大，与心血管危险因素的相关最密切；血压是心血管危险因素中与人体测量相关最密切的指标。结论：体重指数是本组人群中最简单但最有价值的人体测量指标；而血压是受肥胖影响最大的心血管危险因素指标。     

Blood pressure, insulin, and glycemia in nondiabetic subjects

The relation of blood pressure to fasting (basal) insulin and glycosylated hemoglobin (hemoglobin A1) was examined in 248 nondiabetic subjects (137 women and 111 men). None of the subjects was taking antihypertensive medication. There were statistically significant associations of systolic and diastolic blood pressure with insulin levels (r = 0.24, p less than 0.01; r = 0.30, p less than 0.01) and hemoglobin A1 levels (r = 0.28, p less than 0.001; r = 0.22, p less than 0.05) in women. These blood pressure indexes were also related to insulin levels in men (r = 0.23, p less than 0.05; r = 0.02, p less than 0.05). In a multiple regression analysis, the association between blood pressure and insulin level was diminished with an allowance for adiposity; however, it remained statistically significant. These data indicate that blood pressure is related to insulin levels in nondiabetic subjects and suggest that insulin may be a physiologic determinant of blood pressure.     

Blood, sweat, toil, and tears of surgical training. Part I: Blood

There may be conflict between the requirements of surgical training and those of the clinical service if training has an impact on clinical outcomes. One area of potential impact is perioperative blood loss. We compared total and 12-hour blood loss after 2,079 consecutive cardiac operations performed over 2 years by trainees and consultants. One- and two-way analyses of variance with EuroSCORE and surgeon status as factors were carried out to evaluate the impact of surgeon status on blood loss. There was no difference in blood loss between consultants and trainees. We also compared the rates between consultants and trainees of patients returning to the operating room due to bleeding. This showed a significant difference, with trainees having a higher rate of investigation for bleeding. Cardiac surgical training can be achieved without an adverse effect on blood loss, but it may be associated with a higher rate of re-intervention for bleeding.