Effect of α-Ketoglutarate on Cyanide-induced Biochemical Alterations in Rat Brain and Liver

Objective To investigate the biochemical changes in rat brain and liver following acute exposure to a lethal dose of cyanide, and its response to treatment of α-ketoglutarate （α-KG） in the absence or presence of sodium thiosulfate （STS）. Methods Female rats were administered 2.0 LD50 potassium cyanide （KCN; oral） in the absence or presence of pre-treatment （-10 rain）, simultaneous treatment （0 rain） or post-treatment （＋2-3 min） of α-KG （2.0 g/kg, oral） and/or STS （1.0 g/kg, intraperitoneal, -15 min, 0 rain or ＋ 2-3 min）. At the time of onset of signs and symptoms of KCN toxicity （2-4 min） and at the time of death （5-15 min）, various parameters particularly akin to oxidative stress viz. cytochrome oxidase （CYTOX）, superoxide dismutase （SOD）, glutathione peroxidase （GPx）, reduced glutathione （GSH） and oxidized glutathione （GSSG） in brain, and CYTOX, sorbitol dehydrogenase （SDH）, alkaline phosphatase （ALP）, GSH and GSSG in liver homogenate were measured. Results At both time intervals brain CYTOX, SOD, GPx, and GSH significantly reduced （percent inhibition compared to control） to 24%, 56%, 77%, and 65%, and 44%, 46%, 78%, and 57%, respectively. At the corresponding time points liver CYTOX and GSH reduced to 74% and 63%, and 44% and 68%, respectively. The levels of GSSG in the brain and liver, and hepatic ALP and SDH were unchanged, Pre-treatment and simultaneous treatment of α-KG alone or with STS conferred significant protection on above variables. Post-treatment was effective in restoring the changes in liver but failed to normalize the changes in the brain. Conclusions Oral treatment with α-KG alone or in combination with STS has protective effects on cyanide-induced biochemical alterations in rat brain and liver.     

Influence of Vitamin E on Preventive or Therapeutic Effect of MFA and DTPA in Cadmium Toxicity

The influence of vitamin E supplementation on the ability of α-mercapto-β（2-furyl)acrylic acid(MFA)or calcium trisodium diethylenetriamine pentaacetate(DTPA)to reduce body burden of cadmium and reverse Cd-induced biochemical alterations was investigated in Cd-exposed rats.The treatment with MFA-vitamin E or CaNa3 DTPA-vitamin E was more effective than either vitamin E or chelating agent alone,in depleting blodd and tissue Cd.However,the combined treatment showed only limited advantage over the individuals in restoring Cd-induced biocheical changes.Further,the treatment with chelator-vitamin E concomitantly with the exposure to Cd was more effective than post-Cd exposure treatment.     

Effect of TCDD on Maternal Toxicity and Chorionic Gonadotropin——Bioactivity in the Immediate Post-implantation Period of Macaque

The pupose of this experiment was to observe the alterations in bioactivity of chorionic gonadotropin(CG) associated with early fetal loss(EFL).induced by the environmental toxin TCDD(1,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin) in the cynomolgus macaque.Ten of twelve females administered single doses of 1,2,or 4ug/kg TCDD on gestational day(GD) 12 had EFL from ten to twenty days later,Seven control animals treated only with the vehicle had normal pregnancies,Blood samples were repeatedly collected for hormone evaluation,from two days befor treatment to thirty-one days following treatment.Immunoreasctive monkey chorionic gonadotropin(mCG) was measured in serum using ELISA,and bioactive mCG was measured using a luminescence LH/CG bioassay.No change in immunoreactive mCG levels was detected as a result of TCDD,treatment,but bioactive mCG levels were significantly lower in TCDD-treated animals compared to controls.This change in bioactivity of mCG was also reflected in the ratio of mCG bioactivity to mCG immunoreactivity(B/I ratio) which began to rise in normal pregnancies by GD20,but did not rise in TCDD treated animals,These results demonstrate that normal pregnancy in the monkey,as in humans,is characterized by a post-implantation change in the B/I ratio of CG.These findings therefore suggest that changes in the production of bioactive CG may be used as a biomarker of environmental toxicant exposures which lead to EFL.     

Effect of overexpressed Golgi α-mannosidase Ⅱ on proliferation in human gastric cancer cell line BGC-823

目的 探讨过表达高尔基体α-甘露糖苷酶Ⅱ(Golgiα-mannosidaseⅡ,GMⅡ)对人胃癌细胞株BGC-823增殖活性的影响.方法 构建真核表达载体EX-E2372-M03,通过脂质体Lipofectamine2000转染至人胃癌细胞株BGC-823,筛选稳定细胞株,用免疫荧光观察转染效率.用RT-PCR法检测转染细胞GMⅡ、c-myc、bcl-2 mRNA的表达,用Westem blot 法检测转染细胞GMⅡ、c-myc、bcl-2蛋白表达的变化,用MTT法及流式细胞仪检测过表达GMⅡ后对细胞增殖活性的影响.结果 GMⅡ真核表达质粒构建成功并成功转染,MTT结果示过表达GMⅡ后胃癌细胞增殖活性明显高于对照组(P＜0.05).流式细胞仪检测结果显示,与对照组相比较,GMⅡ过表达组胃癌细胞G1期细胞明显减少,S期细胞比例明显增加.转染后胃癌细胞GMⅡmRNA和蛋白表达水平明显高于对照组(P＜0.05),且可明显上调胃癌细胞BGC-823中c-myc的mRNA和蛋白表达水平(P＜0.05),但对bcl-2的调节作用不明显.结论 过表达GMⅡ能促进胃癌细胞增殖,可能与上调c-myc的表达有关.     

Effect of resveratrol on platelet aggregation in vivo and in vitro

Objective Low or moderate consumption of red wine has a greater benefit than the consumpti on of other beverages in the prevention of atherosclerosis and coronary heart di sease and this is increasingly attributed to the polyphenol compounds in red win e, such as resveratrol. In the present study, we investigated the effect of res veratrol on platelet aggregation in vitro and in vivo. Methods Platelet aggregation in rabbits and normal subjects was measured using Born’s me thod. Results Resveratrol, at 10-1000 μmol/L, significantly inhibited platelet aggregation i n vitro induced by collagen, thrombin, and ADP in healthy subjects. The inhibit ory effect was concentration- dependent. Hypercholesterolemia induced by high- cholesterol diet enhanced ADP- induced platelet aggregation. Resveratrol 4 mg ·kg(-1)·d(-1)inhibited ADP- induced platelet aggregation in vivo de spite no changes in serum lipid levels. Conclusions Resveratrol inhibits platelet aggregation both in vitro and in vivo. This may b e one of the mechanisms by which resveratrol prevents atherosclerosis.     

The Effect of Human Recombinant Interferon Gamma （hrIFN-γ） on hCG Secretion of Trophoblast and Protein Synthesis of Decidual Tissue in Vitro

In this study the effect of human recombinant interferon gamma (hrIFN-γ) on hCG secretion of human first trimester trophoblast and protein synthesis of decidual tissue was investigated in vitro. The results indicated that hrIFN-γ at the doses of 250 U/ml medium and 2500 U/ml medium decreased hCG secretion of trophoblast obviously (P ＜ 0. 0,5, P＜0. 01 ) in a dose dependent manner. The effect of hrIFN-γ on protein synthesis at the doses of 10 U to 1,000 U/ml medium inhibited the^3 H leucine incorporation obviously. The cpm values between control and experimental groups were significantly different (P ＜0. 05 ) in a dosedependent manner. Furthermore its inhibitory effect is in a dose-dependent manner and was neutralized by IFN-γ antiserum. The IFN-α at the doses used did not find any effect on protein synthesis in decidual tissue.     

Effect of Yiqi Huoxue（益气活血） Herbs on Vascular Endothelial Cells and Platelets in Patients with Chronic Cor Pulmonale

Objective: To observe the clinical effect of Yiqi Huoxue (益气活血, YQHX) herbs in treating the patients with chronic cor pulmonale and to explore its mechanism by determining the relationship of oxidation/antioxidation system and how such herbs change on the function of endothelial cells and platelets. Methods: Fifty-eight patients were divided into two groups: conventional therapy group (control group, 28 paventional management. The treated group were treated with YQHX 150 ml, twice a day, plus the conventional treatment, and the clinical efficacy was recorded. The lipid peroxidation (LPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), α-granule membrane protein (GMP140), partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2), partial pressure of carbon dioxide in artery (PaCO2) and circulating endothelial cells (CEC) were measured respectively before and after treatment, and the relationship between various parameters were analyzed. The results were compared with those of 10 healthy subjects got at the same period. Results: (1) The effective rate and PaO2 of the treated group was higher than that of the control group and there were no difference in PaCO2 between the two groups. (2) The levels of LPO, GMP140, CEC in all the patients before therapy were significantly higher than those of the healthy group, and there were marked decrease in the levels of those after treatment (all P＜0. 01). On the contrary, the levels of SOD in all the patients before therapy were markedly lower than those in the healthy subjects and increased after treatment, P＜0.01. (3) The increase of SOD in the treated group was significantly more obvious than that of the control group. In the treated group, the decrease of LPO, GMP140, CEC were markedly more obvious than those in the control group (all P＜0.01).(4) The number of CEC, as well as GMP140, was negatively correlated to PaO2 (P＜0.01) and SOD (P＜0.01), which was positively correlated to LPO (P＜0.01). There was a positive correlation between CEC and GMP140 (P＜0.05). Conclusion: YQHX herbs in treating chronic cor pulmonale proved to be effective by balancing the oxidation and antioxidation, protecting the pulmonary endothelial cells and activated platelets and helpful in treating respiratory failure.     

Effect of hyperbaric oxygen on HIF-1α expression and brain edema in rat with intracerebral hemorrhage

目的 探讨高压氧对血肿周边脑组织中HIF-1α蛋白表达和脑水肿程度的影响.方法 SD大鼠88只随机分为假手术对照组(sham组,8只)、脑出血组(ICH组)和脑出血+高压氧治疗组(HBO治疗组). ICH组和HBO治疗组又分为6h组、24h组、3d组、7d组和14d组,每组8只.采用自体血脑内注射法建立脑出血动物模型,干湿比重法测定脑组织含水量,以免疫组化的方法检测血肿周边脑组织中HIF-1α蛋白表达情况,同时观察高压氧对脑水肿和HIF-1α-达的影响.结果 ICH组和HBO治疗组与sham组比较,脑组织含水量明显增加,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).HBO治疗组与ICH组大鼠脑组织含水量第14天时比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).与sham组比较,ICH组和HBO治疗组HIF-1α表达明显增加,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).HBO治疗组与ICH组大鼠脑组织中HIF-1α表达第14天时比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).ICH组HIF-1α蛋白表达与脑水肿的程度成正相关(P＜0.01);HBO治疗组HIF-1α蛋白表达与脑水肿的程度无相关性(P＞0.05).结论 HIF-1α在血肿周边脑组织中的表达与脑水肿的形成和发展有关,高压氧可抑制HIF-1α蛋白的表达并减轻脑水肿.     

MicroRNA-125的生理功能及其在疾病中的作用

MicroRNAs（miRNAs）是一类小的非编码RNA分子,其可以在转录后水平调节基因表达。miR-125是在不同种属生物中高度保守的miRNA。miR-125家族的成员已经被证实能够在多种不同类型的疾病中表达改变,并调控疾病的发生。此外,miR-125在免疫宿主防御,尤其是在对细菌或病毒的感染中起到至关重要的作用。本文着重总结了miR-125家族的生理功能以及其在肿瘤以及免疫系统疾病、造血系统恶性疾病、心血管疾病中的作用,也讨论了miRNA家族在未来作为生物标志物和治疗靶点的发展前景。     

Studies of amygdalin (laetrile) toxicity in rodents.

Amygdalin (laetrile), given to Fischer 344 rats in doses of 250, 500, and 750 mg/kg intraperitoneally daily for five days, caused mortalities of 30.8% 44.1%, and 56.8%, respectively. The mode of death and the elevated serum cyanide levels in the dying animals strongly suggested cyanide poisoning as the cause of death. These findings seriously question the use of amygdalin in clinical medicine under any circumstances.     

Sensorimotor and physiological effects of various alcoholic beverages.

Effects of a standard dose of alcohol (1.3 g/kg) in the form of Canadian rye whisky, Canadian beer and a sparkling table wine were compared with those of a nonalcoholic carbonated control beverage. Sixteen young male and eight female subjects, all moderate drinkers, were tested in a Latin square design. Measurements were made on the pursuit rotor and quantitative Romberg tests, and of skin temperature, heart rate, malar flush and blood alcohol concentration during the prealcohol baseline period and at regular intervals over the 4-hour drinking period. The three alcoholic beverages produced blood alcohol curves that did not differ significantly. All three alcoholic beverages produced increasing sensorimotor impairment over time, which corresponded in degree to the increasing blood alcohol concentration. There were no significant differences between the three beverages on either the sensorimotor or physiological measures at any blood alcohol value. The results of this study indicate that the degree of impairment after alcohol ingestion in a socially relevant manner is not dependent on the type of beverage consumed, but only on the resulting blood alcohol concentration.     

按摩抚触对新生儿生理性黄疸的影响

目的 观察按摩抚触对新生儿生理性黄疸、体质量及胎便的影响.方法 选取新生儿100例,随机分为治疗组和对照组,各50例,治疗组每天进行抚触按摩1次,对照组新生儿给予产后常规处置,不进行抚触按摩.对比2组新生儿黄疸指数、生理性黄疸消退时间、胎便转黄时间,记录2组新生儿出生1、2周及1个月时体质量,并进行对比.结果 治疗组新生儿出生后第3、5天黄疸指数均显著低于对照组(P＜0.05);治疗组新生儿开始退黄时间、安全退黄时间、胎便初排时间、胎便转黄时间均短于对照组(P＜0.05);治疗组新生儿出生各时间点体质量均显著高于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 按摩抚触可有效刺激新生儿消化及循环系统,有助于新生儿生理性黄疸消退,增加新生儿体质量,对新生儿发育起积极作用.     

海军航空兵飞行员航空生理心理训练的效果分析

目的：旨在探讨海军航空兵飞行员航训的方法与效果。方法将2013年3月至2014年5月在某疗养院疗养的165名海军航空兵飞行员作为航训对象,训练方法包括前庭性错觉体验训练、复合角加速度适应性训练、肌力协调抗荷能力训练,并分析和评价训练方法与效果。结果165名飞行员通过空间定向能力训练,每人都体验到至少3次模拟错觉,错觉诱发率为100％;42名高性能战斗机飞行员训练合格率从92．86％提高到100％;肌力协调抗荷训练抗荷能力明显提高,训练合格率从88．5％提高到100％。结论使飞行员从理论和实践上了解了航训的目的和意义,增强了做好航训的自觉性和积极性,熟练地掌握了航训的方法,增强了自我保健意识,起到了提高空间定向能力和抗荷能力之目的。