60味中药提取物抗菌活性的研究

目的:体外观察60味中药的240种提取物对9种常见病原菌的作用,并对其中抑菌效果明显的提取物进行最低抑菌浓度检测。方法:采用纸片扩散法对240种提取物进行初步的抗菌活性筛选,并采用液体培养基法(2倍稀释法)测定活性提取物的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)。结果:共有104种提取物对1种或多种细菌显示较强的抑制作用,其中丹参等11味中药的20种提取物对3种常见菌体现了强抑制作用(MIC<0.2 mg·mL-1)。结论:丹参、蛇床子、蓼蓝、蒲公英、桑叶、甘草、姜黄、紫草、半边莲、野菊花和密蒙花等11味中药的乙醇、丙酮、正己烷提取部位对枯草芽孢杆菌、蜡样芽孢杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌有强抑制作用。     

紫花地丁的抗菌活性分析

目的：通过抑菌试验,了解中药紫花地丁的乙醇和水提取物的抗菌活性。方法：采用试管比浊法测定其最小抑菌浓度和最低杀菌浓度;采用纸片扩散法测定乙醇和水提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌、痢疾杆菌、大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌（分离）、绿脓杆菌、变形杆菌的抗菌活性。结果：紫花地丁水提取物无抑菌活性,乙醇提取物对除绿脓杆菌之外的其他五种细菌均具有抗菌活性,且提取物浓度越高抑菌活性越强。     

蛇床子等中药抑制Aβ42多肽聚集活性研究

目的 研究几种中药抑制Aβ42多肽聚集沉淀的活性.方法 分别制备蛇床子等十二味中药的石油醚、乙酸乙酯和甲醇提取物,用ThT荧光光谱法和E.coli模型对各提取物进行Aβ42聚集抑制活性研究.结果 苦参、蛇床子和陈皮乙酸乙酯提取物能够大大降低作用体系ThT荧光强度,同时在E.coli模型中可以显著促进E.coli细胞生长(超过阳性对照样品EGCG).此外,川楝子石油醚提取物也具有较强活性.结论 川楝子、苦参、蛇床子、陈皮等含有抑制Aβ42聚集沉淀的活性成分,可作为抗AD中药进行深入系统研究.     

25种黔产中药材提取物体外抑菌活性的筛选

目的:选取25种黔地中药材,研究其70%乙醇提取物对临床常见致病菌的体外抑菌活性。方法:中药粗粉用70%乙醇回流提取,通过纸锭琼脂扩散法测定提取物的抑菌圈,微量倍比稀释法测定最低抑菌浓度(MIC)和最低杀菌浓度(MBC)。结果:25种黔产中药材醇提物中,有15种中药材对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌均表现出不同程度的抑菌效果。其中,黄连、夏枯草、大黄、鱼腥草、金钱草等5种中药材对两种病原菌的抗菌活性较为突出,抑菌圈d≥20 mm;对两种病原菌的最低抑菌浓度范围在7.82~31.25 mg/mL之间;对两种病原菌的最低杀菌浓度范围在15.625~62.50 mg/mL之间。结论:首次筛选出的5种抗菌活性较强的黔产中药材,可为抗耐药性的中药抑菌剂和抑菌日化产品的开发提供一定的科学依据。     

暴马丁香不同部位乙醇提取物抑菌及清除DPPH自由基作用

目的以暴马丁香树皮、叶、枝和花蕾的75%乙醇提取物为材料,研究其抑菌及抗氧化的活性。方法采用滤纸片法测定暴马丁香不同部位乙醇提取物对2种常见细菌的生长抑制活性、最低抑菌浓度。采用DPPH自由基法,利用分光光度法测定不同部位乙醇提取物在不同质量浓度下清除DPPH自由基的能力。结果暴马丁香乙醇提取液对沙门氏菌的抑制效果大小顺序为枝花蕾叶树皮,对枯草芽孢杆菌的抑制效果大小为叶枝树皮花蕾。暴马丁香树皮乙醇提取物抗氧化能力最强,其余各部位的抗氧化能力大小依次是花蕾枝叶。结论暴马丁香枝和叶的抑菌能力较好,其树皮、花蕾的抗氧化能力较强,确定枝和花蕾具有较好的应用价值。     

人工规范化种植龙胆斑枯病的无公害防治技术△

从病害流行预测,防治指标研究,以及农业防治措施、种子处理、植物源药剂防治龙胆斑枯病,探讨了人工种植龙胆斑枯病无公害防治技术.研究发现了黑龙江省龙胆斑枯病病原菌(Septoria microspora Speg.)的两个新变种.建立了龙胆斑枯病病情随时间进展数学模型,同时建立防治指标模型d<,ET>=[-ln(123.24PV-100W/82.74W)/0.041 71-MR]·Q.农业防治措施表明优质种苗、秋季移栽、较高的栽培密度和轮作可起到一定防病作用;采用中药蛇床子制剂和施加乐、甲基托布津等处理种子可以杀灭种子上病原菌;对9种中药提取物进行药效学试验表明,川楝子、蛇床子、白鲜皮等中药提取物都有较好的防治龙胆斑枯病效果;由此构成龙胆斑枯病无公害防治技术.     

五倍子乙醇提取物对140株肠球菌体外抗菌活性观察

目的观察五倍子乙醇提取物对肠球菌的体外抗菌活性.方法采用新的中药抑菌实验方法对五倍子乙醇提取物进行140株肠球菌的最低抑菌浓度测定.结果五倍子乙醇提取物对93株粪肠球菌、40株屎肠球菌和7株其它肠球菌的MIC90分别为0.315、0.63、0.63mg/mL.结论五倍子乙醇提取物对140株肠球菌具有较强的抑菌力,说明五倍子是极具开发前景的抗感染中药.     

松针提取物抑制病原菌作用研究及成分分析

目的研究松针不同提取物对病原菌的抑制作用,并初步分析其活性成分。方法松针经水、乙醇、乙酸乙酯提取得到不同溶剂浸提液;采用牛津杯扩散法检测各浸提液的抗菌活性,采用琼脂稀释法测定最低抑菌浓度、最低杀菌浓度;使用GC-MS检测松针乙酸乙酯提取物的组成成分。结果松针水、乙醇、乙酸乙酯提取物对9种供试病原菌均有良好的抑菌效果。对松针乙酸乙酯提取液的分析表明,醇类、烃类物质为其主要组成成分。结论松针水、乙醇、乙酸乙酯提取液均有较强的体外抗菌活性,有较大开发潜力。     

沙参体外抑菌活性的初步研究

目的对沙参提取物的体外抑菌活性进行初步研究。方法用水50%乙醇浸提有机溶剂萃取,以纸片法进行活性测定。结果提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌、绿脓杆菌有抑制作用,最低抑菌浓度为5 mg/m l,50%乙醇提取效果优于水,醋酸乙酯萃取液抑菌效果最明显。结论沙参提取物是一种有效的抑菌药物。     

五倍子乙醇提取物对124株表皮葡萄球菌体外抗菌活性的观察

目的观察五倍子乙醇提取物对表皮葡萄球菌的体外抗菌活性.方法采用新的中药抑菌实验方法对五倍子乙醇提取物进行124株表皮葡萄球菌的最低抑菌浓度测定.结果五倍子乙醇提取物对43株耐甲氧西林表皮葡萄球菌(methi cillin-resi stant staphylococcus epidermidi s,MRSE)和81株甲氧西林敏感的表皮葡萄球菌(methicillin-sensitive staphylococcus epidermidi s,MSSE)的MIC50、MIC90分别为0.072、0.072、0.288、0.144 mg/mL.结论五倍子乙醇提取物对124株表皮葡萄球菌具有较强的抑菌力,说明五倍子是极具开发前景的抗感染中药.     

164种中药乙醇提取物抗真菌作用研究

目的：体外观察164种中药95％乙醇提取物对白色含珠菌、啤酒酵母和威克海姆原藻3种真菌的作用，并对其中抑菌效果明显的中药中的主要成分进行抗真菌药敏试验。方法：半固体药基混合法，微量稀释法。结果：22种中药乙醇提取物对1种或几种真菌显示较强的抑制作用，所试验的单体化合物对3种真菌无显著抑制作用。结论：首次对中药95％乙醇提取物应用半固体药基混合法进行抗真菌活性筛选，土槿皮、牡丹皮95％乙醇粗提物对3种真菌均有较强的抑制作用。     

Screening of antifungal agents using ethanol precipitation and bioautography of medicinal and food plants

In the search for bioactive compounds, bioautography and ethanol precipitation of macromolecules (proteins, polysaccharides, etc.) of plant aqueous extracts were associated in an antifungal screening. Thus, the supernatants, precipitates (obtained by ethanol precipitation) and aqueous extracts were investigated of medicinal and fruit bearing plants used against skin diseases by the Brazilian population. The agar diffusion and broth dilution methods were used to assess the activity against three fungi: Candida albicans, Trichophyton rubrum and Cryptococcus neoformans. The results, evaluated by the diameter of the inhibition zone of fungal growth, indicate that six plant species, among the 16 investigated, showed significant antifungal activity. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined on plant extracts that showed high efficacy against the tested microorganisms. The most susceptible yeast was Trichophyton rubrum and the best antifungal activity was shown by Xanthosoma sagittifolium supernatant. The bioautography was performed only for the aqueous extracts and supernatants of those plants that showed antifungal activity against Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans, using n-butanol/acetic acid/water (BAW) 8:1:1 to develop silica gel TLC plates. Clear inhibition zones were observed for aqueous extracts of Schinus molle (R(f) 0.89) and Schinus terebinthifolius (R(f) 0.80) against Candida albicans, as for supernatant of Anacardium occidentale (R(f) 0.31) against Cryptococcus neoformans. The separation of macromolecules from metabolites, as in the case of Anacardium occidentale, Solanum sp. and Xanthosoma sagittifolium, enhances antifungal activity. In other cases, the antifungal activity is destroyed, as observed for Momordica charantia, Schinus molle and Schinus terebinthifolius.     

Antibacterial and antifungal activity of Syzygium jambolanum seeds

The water and methanolic extracts of Syzygium jambolanum seeds were examined for antibacterial and antifungal activity in vitro using the disc diffusion method, minimum inhibitory concentration, minimum bactericidal concentration and minimum fungicidal concentration. Activity against gram positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus), gram negative bacteria (Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli) and fungal strains (Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus sp., Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Microsporum gypseum) is discussed.     

蛇床子镇静催眠有效成分提取方法筛选

目的：筛选蛇床子镇静催眠有效成分提取方法。方法：以小鼠自主活动和注射戊巴比妥钠催眠剂量的入睡潜伏期和持续睡眠时间为指标,比较蛇床子不同提取溶媒、提取方法、乙醇浓度对小鼠镇静催眠作用的影响。结果：石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇、乙醇、水提物小鼠持续睡眠时间均显著高于空白对照组,选乙醇为提取溶媒;乙醇加热回流提取物小鼠站立次数显著低于空白对照组,乙醇超声、渗漉、加热回流持续睡眠时间均显著高于空白对照组,且各组间无显著性差异;50％、65％、80％醇提物组小鼠站立次数显著低于空白对照组,50％、65％、95％醇提物组小鼠活动次数显著低于空白对照组;35％、50％、65％、80％、95％醇提物组小鼠持续睡眠时间均显著高于空白对照组。结论：蛇床子对小鼠镇静催眠作用以50％～95％乙醇加热回流提取法为最佳方法。     

Antimicrobial activity of Curcuma zedoaria and Curcuma malabarica tubers

The antimicrobial activity of extracts of Curcuma zedoaria and Curcuma malabarica tubers was tested against six bacterial and two fungal strains using the agar well diffusion and broth dilution methods. Petroleum ether, hexane, chloroform, acetone and ethanol extracts exhibited antibacterial as well as antifungal activity. Acetone and hexane extracts of both tubers showed comparable antimicrobial activity as indicated by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values, but other extracts of Curcuma malabarica showed significantly lower activity than those of Curcuma zedoaria. The MIC values for different strains and extracts ranged from 0.01 to 0.15 mg/ml in Curcuma zedoaria and from 0.01 to 0.94 mg/ml in Curcuma malabarica. Staphylococcus aureus (Gram positive) was inhibited by Curcuma malabarica but not by Curcuma zedoaria. This study is the first report of the antimicrobial properties of Curcuma malabarica. The findings also support the use of Curcuma zedoaria tubers in traditional medicine for the treatment of bacterial and fungal infections.     

牡丹皮等10种中药对白色念珠菌浮游菌 和生物膜作用的研究

目的:观察牡丹皮等10种中药和土槿皮乙酸体外对白色念珠菌浮游菌和生物膜的作用。方法:10种中药为牡丹皮,黄连,丁香,肉桂,高良姜,桂枝,知母,苦参,蛇床子,白花蛇舌草,用水煎煮后浓缩,提取物用DMSO溶解,培养基稀释,体外微量稀释法检测药物对白色念珠菌浮游菌最低抑菌浓度(MIC)和抑制生物膜50%的浓度(SMIC50)的作用。结果:土槿皮乙酸对白色念珠菌的MIC为15.6 mg.L-1,对生物膜的SMIC50是31.2 mg.L-1。牡丹皮和高良姜对白色念珠菌生物膜有一定的抑制作用,SMIC50分别125,250 mg.L-1。黄连,丁香,肉桂,桂枝,知母,苦参,蛇床子,白花蛇舌草在2 000 mg.L-1均没有表现出抑菌活性。结论:体外微量稀释法检测到土槿皮乙酸对白色念珠菌浮游菌和生物膜具有明显的抑制作用,10种中药材中仅牡丹皮和高良姜的水煎液对白色念珠菌生物膜有一定的抑制作用,其他8种中药材的水煎液对白色念珠菌浮游菌和生物膜的抑制作用不明显。对中药抗真菌活性的评价值得进一步探讨。     

In vitro antifungal activity of extract and plumbagin from the stem bark of Diospyros crassiflora Hiern (Ebenaceae)

In this study the methanol/dichloromethane (1:1) extract and plumbagin isolated from extract of stem barks of Diospyros crassiflora were tested for their antifungal activity against 12 strains of yeast pathogens and filamentous fungi: Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida krusei, Candida tropicalis, Cryptococcus neoformans, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Alternaria sp., Cladosporium sp., Geotrichum candidum, Fusarium sp. and Penicillium sp. The growth of all fungi strains tested was inhibited by the extract and plumbagin. The diameter of inhibition zones varied from 12 to 18 mm and from 21 to 35 mm for the extract and plumbagin, respectively. The MIC values ranged from 12.5 to 25 mg/mL for the extract and 0.78-3.12 microg/mL for plumbagin. It is therefore suggested that extracts from the stem bark of Diospyros crassiflora could be used traditionally in the treatment of fungal infections. Compared with ketoconazole used as a standard antifungal, plumbagin could be considered as a promising antifungal agent.     

黄芩有效化学成分及抑菌作用的研究分析

目的观察水煮法及乙醇回流法提取黄芩有效成分的抑菌效果。方法采用水煮法及乙醇回流法提取黄芩有效成分然后分别制得两法提取黄芩有效成分结晶物,并对4种提取物对肠炎沙门氏菌体外抑菌活性进行比较。结果黄芩水煮法提取液的最低抑菌浓度范围在125～500mg/ml,乙醇回流法提取液的最低抑菌浓度范围在62.5～250mg/ml。水煮法提取黄芩结晶物对肠炎沙门氏菌的最低抑菌浓度为1.25～5.00mg/ml,乙醇回流法提取的黄芩结晶物对肠炎沙门氏菌的最低抑菌浓度为0.625～1.25mg/ml。结论乙醇回流法提取黄芩有效成分的抑菌效果较水煮法好。     

华中五味子含药血清对成骨细胞增殖分化的影响

目的:探讨甘肃产华中五味子对大鼠成骨细胞增殖分化的作用。方法:采用血清药理学方法,对体外培养的大鼠成骨细胞作MTT法细胞增殖测定、PNPP法ALP活性测定、以及茜素红染色矿化结节计数。结果:培养48h,10%、15%和培养72h,5%、10%华中五味子95%乙醇提取物血清组的细胞增殖速度比对照组快(P<0.01);培养48h,10%、15%和培养72h,10%华中五味子乙醇提取物血清组的ALP活性较对照组增加(P<0.05和P<0.01);培养2周,矿化结节计数显示10%华中五味子乙醇提取物血清组多于对照组(P<0.01),华中五味子水提取物各血清组对成骨细胞增殖分化没有显著作用。结论:甘肃产华中五味子95%乙醇提取物对体外大鼠成骨细胞的增殖和分化具有促进作用。