手术治疗儿童分泌性中耳炎疗效观察

目的比较鼓膜置管术和腺样体切除同时鼓膜骨管术治疗儿童分泌性中耳炎的疗效。方法将83例（142耳）经保守治疗无效的儿童分泌性中耳炎患者，随机分为鼓膜置管组和腺样体切除同时鼓膜置管组，评价术后疗效。结果腺样体切除同时鼓膜置管术组有效率为96．43％，鼓膜置管术组有效率为84．48％，二组有效率比较有显著性差异（x^2=4．88，P〈0．05）.结论经保守治疗无效的儿童分泌性中耳炎，腺样体切除同时鼓膜置管术是较理想的治疗方法.     

鼻内镜下腺样体切除联合鼓膜置管术治疗儿童分泌性中耳炎46例

目的观察鼻内镜下腺样体切除联合鼓膜置管术治疗儿童分泌性中耳炎的疗效。方法腺样体肥大伴分泌性中耳炎患儿46例,随机分为手术组与对照组。手术组常规在鼻内镜下行腺样体切除联合鼓膜置管术;对照组采用抗生素、糖皮质激素口服及减充血剂滴鼻等药物治疗。治疗1个月、3个月、6个月跟踪随访,观察其疗效。结果手术组痊愈18例(34耳),占77.3%;有效4例(6耳),占13.6%;无效2例(4耳),占9.1%。对照组痊愈9例(17耳),占43.6%;有效4例(6耳),占15.4%;无效9例(16耳),占41.0%。两组治愈有效率相比有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论鼻内镜下腺样体切除联合鼓膜置管术是一种微创、有效的手术,且对与腺样体肥大有关的分泌性中耳炎有良好的治疗效果。     

鼓膜穿刺和置管治疗儿童OSAHS合并分泌性中耳炎疗效分析

目的探讨鼓膜穿刺抽液和置管对于儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)合并分泌性中耳炎的疗效。方法将OSAHS合并分泌性中耳炎患儿202例(267耳)随机分为腺样体切除伴鼓膜穿刺组96例(145耳)和腺样体切除伴鼓膜置管组106例(122耳)。鼓膜穿刺组于术后1月和3月、鼓膜置管组通气管取出后1月复查声导抗,并对两组治疗后分泌性中耳炎的有效率、复发率进行比较。结果鼓膜穿刺组术后1个月及3个月分泌性中耳炎的治疗有效率分别为90.34%和93.10%;鼓膜置管组取管1月后分泌性中耳炎的治疗有效率为95.08%,两组间差异无显著统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后随访6个月,两组的复发率分别为2.0%和0.8%,再手术率均为0。结论对于OSAHS合并分泌性中耳炎的患儿,在腺样体切除的前提下行鼓膜穿刺与鼓膜置管治疗分泌性中耳炎的疗效相当。     

耳内镜下鼓膜置管联合腺样体切除术治疗儿童分泌性中耳炎

目的 探讨同期耳内镜下鼓膜置管联合腺样体切除术治疗儿童分泌性中耳炎的疗效、听力变化、复发率及并发症等.方法 对80例(132耳)病史超过3个月,保守治疗无效的4～12岁儿童分泌性中耳炎患者分为两组,A组42例(72耳)采用在耳内镜下同期行鼓膜置管联合腺样体切除术治疗,B组38例(60耳)则仅在耳内镜下行鼓膜置管而不行腺样体切除术.结果 A、B组术后纯音听力均提高.A组术后中耳积液平均时间为(8.5±1.2)天,通气管脱落或取出后3个月分泌性中耳炎复发率为8.3%,并发中耳感染率为2.7%;B组积液时间为(10.3±1.4)天,分泌性中耳炎复发率为21.7%,中耳感染率为11,7%.结论 耳内镜下鼓膜置管术联合腺样体切除治疗儿童分泌性中耳炎可改善听力,能缩短中耳积液时间,减少复发率及继发中耳感染的发生率.对儿童分泌性中耳炎伴有腺样体肥大的患者施行鼓膜置管联合腺样体切除术是最合理的治疗方法.     

内镜手术治疗腺样体肥大致儿童分泌性中耳炎

目的：探讨腺样体肥大致儿童分泌性中耳炎的诊治方法和手术效果。方法：对37例患儿行内镜下腺样体切除＋鼓膜置管术。结果：患儿术后听力均提高，拔管后随访13～17个月未见复发。结论：内镜下腺样体切除＋鼓膜置管术对腺样体肥大致儿童分泌性中耳炎有确切疗效。     

鼓膜置管术和腺样体消融术联合治疗小儿分泌性中耳炎的临床观察

目的 探讨鼓膜置管术与鼻内镜下经口腺样体低温等离子消融术联合治疗小儿分泌性中耳炎的疗效及对远期听力恢复的影响。方法 将我院收治的78例儿童分泌性中耳炎患者,随机法将其分为对照组和试验组,每组各39例,对照组患儿使用采取单纯鼓膜置管术治疗,观察组采取鼓膜置管术与鼻内镜下腺样体切除术联合治疗。比较两组患儿治疗的总有效率、中耳积液吸收时间、近远期听力功能、术后并发症及疾病复发率。结果 观察组的治疗总有效率94.87%(37/39)明显高于对照组的79.49%(31/39)(P<0.05)。对照组患儿中耳积液吸收时间平均为(8.93±0.52)天,观察组患儿中耳积液吸收时间平均为(6.97±0.38)天,与对照组患儿相比,试验组患儿中耳积液吸收时间更短(P<0.05)。术后1个月、6个月、1年及3年复查患儿听力功能,两组患儿双耳高频平均听阈较手术前明显降低(P<0.05)。且观察组显著低于同一时间对照组(P<0.05)。两组患儿ABR阈值水平较手术前明显降低(P<0.05)。且观察组明显低于同一时间对照组(P<0.05)。术后1月,观察组患儿鼓膜切口感染率明显低于对照组(P<0.05);术后3年内,两组患儿出现鼓室硬化及粘连性中耳炎比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组患儿比较总并发症发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后3年,观察组疾病复发率明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 对儿童SOM患者联合鼓膜置管术与鼻内镜下经口腺样体低温等离子消融术治疗,可缩短中耳积液吸收时间,降低术后感染发生风险,改善其远期听力,降低复发率,具有临床应用价值。     

鼓室置管联合鼻内镜下腺样体切除术治疗分泌性中耳炎的疗效观察

目的探讨鼓室置管术加腺样体切除术治疗儿童分泌性中耳炎的疗效。方法将保守治疗无效的75例(96耳)分泌性中耳炎患儿随机分为两组:治疗组39例(51耳),行鼓室置管术加鼻内镜下腺样体切除术;对照组36例(45耳),单纯行鼓室置管术。结果治疗组患儿术后咽鼓管功能、鼓膜形态、中耳积液吸收。鼓室压图峰压值改善情况明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论鼓室置管术联合鼻内镜下腺样体吸切除术治疗儿童SOM有较好的疗效,并且避免了传统的腺样体刮除术的缺点。     

治疗儿童腺样体肥大相关性分泌性中耳炎的网状Meta分析

目的　采用网状Meta分析的方法比较7种干预措施治疗儿童腺样体肥大相关性分泌性中耳炎的疗效和安全性。方法　计算机检索PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、Cochrane Library、CNKI、中国生物医学文献数据库（CBM）、维普（VIP）和万方数据库,检索时间为以上各数据库建库至2019-12-31止,纳入不同干预措施治疗儿童腺样体肥大相关性分泌性中耳炎的随机对照试验及半随机对照试验,由两名研究者根据纳入与排除标准及Cochrane手册要求,单独进行文献筛查及数据提取,并完成交叉核对。使用Cochrane偏倚风险评估工具,对纳入文献进行质量评价,采用Stata14.0、Review Manager 5.3和GeMTC0.14.3软件对纳入文献进行Meta分析。结果　最终纳入28个研究,2994例分泌性中耳炎伴腺样体肥大儿童。结果显示：①网状Meta分析对治疗后总有效率进行比较,等级概率图显示腺样体切除联合鼓膜置管术最佳,其次为腺样体切除联合鼓膜激光打孔术;纯音听阈测定（pure tone audiometry,PTA）显示腺样体切除联合鼓膜置管术改善最佳。②并发症发生率比较,等级概率图显示腺样体切除联合鼓膜激光打孔术优于腺样体切除联合鼓膜置管术,但二者差异无统计学意义（OR 1.32,95%CI 0.26～5.36）。③复发率方面,等级概率图显示复发率最少是腺样体切除联合鼓膜置管术。④直接Meta分析将腺样体切除联合鼓膜置管术与单纯鼓膜置管术比较,鼓膜愈合时间比较两者差异无统计学意义（P =0.16）,鼓室积液消失时间比较差异有统计学意义（WMD -2.10,95%CI -2.4～-1.8,P＜0.00001）。结论　治疗儿童分泌性中耳炎伴腺样体肥大的7种干预措施中,腺样体切除联合鼓膜置管术疗效最佳,复发率最低,受纳入文献数量及质量影响,上述结论需在今后研究中进一步验证。     

儿童分泌性中耳炎手术治疗后生活质量的评估

目的分析评估儿童分泌性中耳炎患儿鼓膜置管合并腺样体切除的术后疗效及生活质量,为临床治疗提供依据。方法 60例(102耳)儿童分泌性中耳炎患儿分为两组,研究组采用鼓膜置管联合腺样体切除术进行治疗,对照组单纯采用鼓膜置管术进行治疗,评价两组的疗效,并在术前及术后1年左右由患儿家属填写中文版慢性耳病调查量表及OM-6调查问卷,评价患儿的生活质量。结果研究组有效率94.12%,对照组有效率73.08%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组术前中文版慢性耳病调查量表、OM-6调查问卷评分差异无统计学意义,术后差异显著,有统计学意义;中文版慢性耳病调查量表结果示治疗后各维度的评分均增高,P<0.01;OM-6调查问卷结果示除了言语障碍外,治疗后其他各维度的评分均下降,P<0.01;结论鼓膜置管联合腺样体切除术治疗儿童分泌性中耳炎,能够有效地改善患儿的听力,疗效显著,并提高患儿的生活质量。     

鼻腔冲洗治疗儿童分泌性中耳炎疗效分析

目的探讨鼻腔冲洗对腺样体切除术后儿童分泌性中耳炎的疗效。方法对2005年6月至2009年8月期间30例(42耳)已行腺样体切除术、经药物治疗疗效不满意且仍反复发作的分泌性中耳炎患儿,应用生理盐水500ml加地塞米松5mg鼻腔冲洗,每日2次,连续2周,同时辅以桉柠派口服及呋嘛滴鼻液滴鼻,观察疗效。结果除3例未能坚持治疗失访者及2例治疗后3月鼓室导抗图仍为B型、行鼓膜切开置管术治愈者外,其余25例均取得较好疗效,纯音听阈及鼓室导抗图均恢复正常。结论鼻腔冲洗能改善鼻咽部局部环境,促进咽鼓管功能恢复,可有效治疗儿童分泌性中耳炎。     

The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF‐C in early laryngeal cancer: relationship with radioresistance

The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF‐C in early laryngeal cancer: relationship with radioresistance Angiogenesis is essential for tumour growth and invasion. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a prime mediator of tumour angiogenesis. VEGF‐C is a closely related protein that effects lymphatic endothelial cells and may be important in the process of lymphatic metastasis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the expression of these cytokines in patients with T1 and T2a glottic, squamous cell carcinoma, in comparison with normal epithelial control tissue, to ascertain any association with radioresistance. Twenty‐two tumours treated by radiotherapy (13 radiosensitive, nine radioresistant) and seven normal control tissues were studied. The minimum follow‐up was 2 years after radiotherapy. Expression of VEGF and VEGF‐C was evaluated by immunohistochemistry of formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded biopsy specimens. Analysis was carried out using a quantitative computer image analyser. Both VEGF and VEGF‐C were detectable in tumour and normal control specimens. There was increased expression in tumour specimens of both VEGF (P = 0.03) and VEGF‐C (P < 0.001). In addition, the expression of VEGF‐C was associated with tumours of higher histological grade (P = 0.021). There was, however, no difference in VEGF and VEGF‐C expression between radioresistant and radiosensitive tumours. The expression of VEGF and VEGF‐C is increased in early laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). However, measuring the expression of these proteins cannot predict radioresistance in this tumour group.     

Treatment of Maxillary Sinus Carcinoma: Clinical Results Using the Kitasato Modality

The conventional therapeutic regimen for maxillary sinus carcinoma consists of dissection of the maxilla, full-dose irradiation and extensive chemotherapy. However, the results obtained with this treatment are often poor. Even when patients recover, their quality of life is significantly reduced as a result of deformity of facial structures and swallowing and articulation dysfunctions. A retrospective analysis of 68 patients with maxillary sinus carcinoma treated with the Kitasato modality between 1975 and 1999 was conducted. All patients underwent pergingival maxillary sinus surgery combined with pre- and postoperative irradiation therapy with standardized total doses of 16 Gy; the postoperative irradiation was given in combination with regional intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy administered via the superficial temporal artery. All visible tumor lesions were removed where possible in order to preserve or facilitate cellular immunity after surgery. The cumulative 5-year survival rates were 85.7% for Stage II patients, 88.1% for Stage III, 76.6% for Stage IVA and 75.0% for Stage IVB.     

Tongue Base Reduction with Temperature-controlled Radiofrequency Volumetric Tissue Reduction for Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome

In recent years a considerable effort has been made to establish the use of different surgical techniques for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Nevertheless, treatment of hypopharyngeal obstruction due to tongue base hypertrophy remains in many ways an unsolved problem. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of tongue base reduction with temperature-controlled radiofrequency volumetric tissue reduction in the treatment of OSAS. Twenty patients with OSAS and tongue base hypertrophy were treated with radiofrequency tissue ablation. An intensified treatment protocol was used, delivering 2,800 J per treatment session under local anesthesia. Two nights of polysomnography testing were performed before and after treatment. Daytime sleepiness, snoring and postoperative morbidity were assessed using questionnaires. Mean respiratory disturbance index (RDI) was reduced from 32.1 to 24.9/h after a mean of 3.4 treatment sessions. Six patients (33%) were cured after the procedure (reduction in RDI of &#83 50% and a postoperative RDI of <15/h) and ten (55%) showed an improvement of >20% in their RDI. Daytime sleepiness and snoring improved significantly. Peri- and postoperative morbidity was low; one severe complication occurred (tongue base abscess). We were able to achieve similar cure and responder rates to those reported in a recently published pilot study but with a reduced number of treatment sessions. We believe that this technique may improve patient acceptance and have beneficial cost implications.     

Cervical Reflex Induced by Click Stimuli in Cats

We studied click-evoked potentials in the anterior horn of the spinal cord in 17 cats. A concentric needle electrode was inserted into the anterior horn of the spinal cord at levels C3-C6. Potentials evoked with 105 dB SPL clicks were recorded with a peak latency of 4.89-5.10 ms only at the C3 level. These responses were observed 45-60 dB SPL above the auditory brainstem response (ABR) threshold, and no potentials were evoked by stimulation of the contralateral ear. Average was performed 100 times with changes in stimulation frequency of 1-20 Hz. The amplitude of the potentials decreased with increasing stimulus frequency, but there were no changes in ABRs. The responses disappeared after destruction of the medial vestibulospinal tract at the obex level, but ABRs were still recorded. The spinal nucleus of the accessory nerves was located in the anterior horn of the spinal cord at levels C1-C6, and the sternocleidomastoid muscle motoneurons were found at levels C1-C3. The click-evoked potentials recorded in this study reflect responses of the spinal nucleus of accessory nerves through the vestibulospinal tract to click stimulation. The responses have the same characteristics as vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials that can be recorded using surface electrodes over the sternocleidomastoid muscles of humans.     

Lack of significant estrogen and progesterone receptor expression in nasal telangiectasias in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia: an immunohistochemical analysis

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is characterized by snoring and apnea during sleep leading to decreased oxygen saturation and disturbed sleep, excessive daytime sleepiness and neuropsychological disturbances. This study investigates cognitive neuropsychological abilities in a group of 53 OSAS patients before and after treatment with uvulopalatopharyngoplasty. General intellectual ability, verbal learning and memory as well as executive functioning were measured at baseline and 6 months postoperatively. After surgery there were significant improvements in verbal learning and memory (mean change - 39, SD 57.3, p <0.001), recall (mean change - 24.3, SD 39.3, p <0.001) and executive functioning (as assessed by percentage of errors on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test; mean change-9.1, SD 15.7, p <0.001). These improvements were in accordance with improvements in the degree of sleep apnea, the oxygen desaturation index (mean change -9.7, SD 15.9, p <0.001) and arterial minimum oxygen saturation (mean change 4.5%, SD 10.2%, p <0.01). Surgical treatment seems to improve verbal learning, memory and recall and executive functions in parallel with better oxygenation in OSAS.     

Measurement of chemosensory function

Although hundreds of thousands of patients seek medical help annually for disorders of taste and smell, relatively few medical practitioners quantitatively test their patients' chemosensory function, taking their complaints at face value. This is clearly not the approach paid to patients complaining of visual, hearing, or balance problems. Accurate chemosensory testing is essential to establish the nature, degree, and veracity of a patient's complaint, as well as to aid in counseling and in monitoring the effectiveness of treatment strategies and decisions. In many cases, patients perseverate on chemosensory loss that objective assessment demonstrates has resolved. In other cases, patients are malingering. Olfactory testing is critical for not only establishing the validity and degree of the chemosensory dysfunction, but for helping patients place their dysfunction into perspective relative to the function of their peer group. It is well established, for example, that olfactory dysfunction is the rule, rather than the exception, in members of the older population. Moreover, it is now apparent that such dysfunction can be an early sign of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. Importantly, older anosmics are three times more likely to die over the course of an ensuring five-year period than their normosmic peers, a situation that may be averted in some cases by appropriate nutritional and safety counseling. This review provides the clinician, as well as the academic and industrial researcher, with an overview of the available means for accurately assessing smell and taste function, including up-to-date information and normative data for advances in this field.