57例Ⅰ期卵巢透明细胞癌临床分析

目的分析I期卵巢透明细胞癌患者的临床特点及预后影响因素。方法回顾性分析2010年1月至2018年8月期间在郑州大学第一附属医院首诊并接受手术治疗的57例Ⅰ期卵巢透明细胞癌患者的病例资料,随访时间截止至2019年10月。采用Cox回归模型进行生存分析。结果57例Ⅰ期卵巢透明细胞癌患者发病年龄为(50.51±7.40)岁,61.4%的患者以自觉腹部包块为主诉就诊,96.5%的患者为单侧发病,57.9%的患者的肿瘤直径在10 cm及以上(57.9%)。所有患者均接受手术治疗,仅1例未行全面分期手术,3例术后未行化疗,所有接受化疗的患者中,有3例发生耐药,7例复发,1例死亡。中位生存时间为30个月,中位疾病无进展生存时间为29个月。患者的疾病无进展生存时间与肿瘤直径(P=0.008)及化疗周期数(P=0.033)有关。结论Ⅰ期卵巢透明细胞癌患者经过全面分期手术及化疗后,预后相对较好,铂类耐药较少发生,肿瘤直径和化疗周期数是患者预后独立影响因素。     

妊娠恶性滋养细胞肿瘤34例诊治分析

为了分析恶性滋养细胞肿瘤的发病、诊断及治疗后转归,探讨妊娠恶性滋养细胞肿瘤临床分期的特点及最佳治疗手段,对34例妊娠恶性滋养细胞肿瘤患者采用5-氟尿嘧啶（5-FU）、放线菌素D静脉联合化疗和（或）顺铂（DDP）、5-FU、多柔比星介入化疗及栓塞治疗,甲氨蝶呤、5-FU局部化疗或联合手术治疗等手段。结果：Ⅰ、Ⅱ期侵蚀性葡萄胎（IM）和绒癌（CC）患者,经采用联合化疗、介入治疗兼手术治疗治愈率100％,Ⅲ、Ⅳ期患者采用联合化疗、手术治疗亦可获得较满意的效果。初步研究结果提示,恶性滋养细胞肿瘤应早诊断早治疗,采取以化疗为主、手术治疗为辅的综合治疗手段,多数患者可以获得相对满意的治疗效果。     

恶性滋养细胞肿瘤预后因素探讨

目的探讨不同治疗措施对恶性滋养细胞肿瘤预后的影响.方法对1994年1月～2000 年12月我院收治的58例恶性滋养细胞肿瘤患者的治疗措施及治疗效果进行回顾分析,随诊1～8年,比较刮宫次数≤2次或＞ 2以上、是否规范化疗及选择合理手术时机的治疗效果.结果恶性滋养细胞肿瘤患者刮宫次数≤2次与刮宫次数＞ 2次的疗效比较、是否选择合理手术时机的疗效比较差异均有显著性(P<0.05);不规范化疗与规范化疗的疗效比较差异有极显著性(P<0.01).结论正确的治疗措施即避免多次刮宫、进行规范化疗及选择合理手术时机是恶性滋养细胞肿瘤预后的重要影响因素.     

局部进展期中低位直肠癌术前调强放疗的临床效果及预后影响因素研究

目的 探讨中低位局部进展期直肠癌(LARC)术前调强放疗的临床效果及预后影响因素。方法 选取84例中低位LARC患者,所有患者均行调强放疗+同步化疗+手术治疗。术后随访3年,统计患者死亡、生存情况,并分为死亡组和生存组。收集患者一般资料,单因素及多因素Logistic分析中低位LARC术前调强放疗患者预后的影响因素。结果 经治疗临床总有效率为73.81%。术后随访3年,84例患者中生存70例(83.33%),死亡14例(16.67%)。生存组与死亡组患者性别、年龄、肿瘤最大直径、糖类抗原199(CA199)水平、癌胚抗原(CEA)水平、肿瘤距肛门距离、放化疗结束至手术间隔时间、术后完全缓解(CR)比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);死亡组cN+分期、cT4分期、肿瘤低分化、术后未足量化疗比率高于生存组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,cN+分期、cT4分期、肿瘤低分化、术后未足量化疗均是中低位LARC患者预后的独立危险因素。结论 中低位LARC患者术前行调强放疗可获得良好的治疗效果,cN+分期、cT4分期、肿瘤低分化、术后未足量化疗...     

1380例手术后的非小细胞肺癌的多因素预后分析

背景与目的 非小细胞肺癌的预后影响因素较多。本研究旨在结合临床资料对非小细胞肺癌术后的预后及其影响因素进行分析。方法 回顾性分析自1996年1月至2003年1月1380例手术治疗的非小细胞肺癌患者的资料，对影响其预后的临床病理因素进行了单因素及多因素分析。结果 全组1、3、5年生存率分别为78．85％、49．78％和38．96％，中位生存时间38．77月。单因素分析显示患者肿瘤大小、病理类型、临床类型（中心型和周围型）、病理分期、淋巴结转移情况、手术方式、术后是否化疗及化疗周期数是影响预后的因素，多因素分析显示肿瘤大小、病理分期、淋巴结转移情况及术后是否化疗和化疗的周期数是影响预后的独立因素。结论 对于手术治疗的非小细胞肺癌患者，肿瘤大小、病理分期、淋巴结转移情况及术后化疗情况是独立的预后因素。     

子宫切除术在妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤治疗中的应用

目的探讨子宫切除术在妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤治疗中的应用.方法对本院1985年1月～2003年12月,因妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤而行子宫切除术的61例病例进行回顾性分析.结果年龄较大无生育要求患者术前经短暂化疗后择期行全子宫切除术,均获完全缓解;因子宫穿孔或子宫大出血而急诊的患者进行全子宫切除术,其中1例死于大出血;因产生化疗耐药,且考虑病灶主要局限于子宫的患者施行子宫切除辅助化疗;无生育要求者为缩短化疗疗程,行选择性子宫切除.结论应严格把握手术指征,根据年龄、疾病类型及是否为高危患者选择适当的手术方式.     

妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤13例手术治疗临床分析

目的探讨手术治疗对妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤的疗效。方法回顾性分析13例妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤的临床资料。结果13例患者中有11例行全子宫切除术,2例行子宫病灶切除术。13例术前彩超均提示子宫存在病变,其中8例（61．5％）术后病理提示为坏死组织,5例（38．5％）可见滋养细胞。8例无滋养细胞残留的患者中2例（25．0％）HCG阳性,5例术后病理可见滋养细胞患者中有4例（80．0％）HCG阳性,两组相比差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤的治疗虽以化疗为主,但手术治疗仍有重要价值。     

耐药性妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤的临床观察

目的 探讨耐药性妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤（GTN）的临床病理特征、治疗及预后。方法 收集15例GTN患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 15例患者治疗均以化疗为主，其中单纯化疗10例，化疗联合手术5例。治疗结束时获血清学完全缓解12例，部分缓解3例。经6～117个月随访，3例失访，余12例无复发或死亡。结论 耐药性GTN的治疗以化疗为主。对于病灶持续存在或血清人绒毛膜促性腺激素β亚单位下降不理想的患者，联合手术治疗可改善预后。     

手术切除的N2期非小细胞肺癌预后影响因素分析

目的 探究手术切除的N2期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)预后的影响因素。方法 回顾性分析102例N2期NSCLC患者，所有患者均行根治性切除术和系统性淋巴结清扫，术后随访5年，根据是否死亡分为死亡组和生存组。收集患者一般资料，采用单因素及多因素分析手术切除的N2期NSCLC预后的影响因素。结果 术后随访5年，102例NSCLC患者中有25例生存，占比24.51%;77例死亡，占比75.49%。生存组和死亡组年龄、性别、体重指数(BMI)、吸烟史、肿瘤部位、病理类型比较，差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);死亡组肿瘤直径>3 cm、T3～4分期、脉管侵犯、淋巴结多站转移、非跳跃性转移、术后未辅助化疗比率高于生存组，差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析显示，肿瘤直径>3 cm、T3～4分期、脉管侵犯、淋巴结多站转移、非跳跃性转移、术后未辅助化疗均是手术切除的N2期NSCLC预后独立危险因素。结论 手术切除的N2期NSCLC预后独立危险因素包括肿瘤直径>3 cm、T3～4分期、脉管侵犯、淋巴结多站转移、非跳跃性转移、术后未辅助化疗，临床应给...     

子宫滋养细胞肿瘤彩色多普勒血流显像类型与临床治疗及预后

彩色多普勒血流显像(CDFI)在妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤的诊断及化疗疗效观察评估方面具有重要价值。我们分析42例滋养细胞肿瘤不同的子宫CDFI特征,比较各组间化疗治愈率、疗程数、手术率,以总结经验,为临床治疗手段的选择提供参考和依据。一、资料与方法1.临床资料:从我院2001年8月至2004年6月住院的滋养细胞肿瘤患者中,筛选病灶局限于子宫无远处转移的初治病例42例。年龄18~47岁,中位年龄34岁。按照宋鸿钊等的临床诊断及分期标准,其中侵蚀型葡萄胎27例,绒毛膜癌11例。2.方法:采用Aspen彩色超声诊断仪,探头频率3.5MHz,于化疗前进行检测,依据子…     

Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia management: an update

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia represents the malignant end of the gestational trophoblastic disease spectrum. This review updates readers on developments in the management of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia over the past few years. RECENT FINDINGS: Progress has been made in elucidating the genetic changes that give rise to gestational trophoblastic neoplasia. The importance of accurate human chorionic gonadotrophin monitoring and the types of human chorionic gonadotrophin produced in cancer are also topical. Fortunately, most patients are cured with chemotherapy, and the choice of treatment schedule according to low-risk and high-risk prognostic groups is relatively unchanged. Indeed, most patients with low-risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasia are treated with single agent chemotherapy, and those who have high-risk disease with combination chemotherapy using etoposide, methotrexate and actinomycin D, alternating with cyclophosphamide and oncovine. For resistant disease, new paclitaxel-containing regimens appear better tolerated than etoposide and cisplatin alternating weekly with etoposide, methotrexate and actinomycin D. SUMMARY: Prognosis in gestational trophoblastic neoplasia is now excellent following treatment. Virtually all patients with low-risk disease are cured, and survival is now 86% in high-risk patients. Optimization of treatment strategies for those who develop drug resistance remains a key challenge.     

Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia--pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets

Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia comprises a unique group of human neoplastic diseases that derive from fetal trophoblastic tissues and represent semiallografts in patients. This group is composed of choriocarcinoma, placental-site trophoblastic tumour, and epithelioid trophoblastic tumour, and many forms are derived from the precursor lesions, hydatidiform moles. Although most patients with gestational trophoblastic neoplasia are cured by chemotherapy and tumour resection, some patients suffer from metastatic diseases that are refractory to conventional chemotherapy. Therefore, new therapeutic regimens are needed to reduce the toxic effects associated with current chemotherapy and to salvage the occasional non-operable patients with recurrent and chemoresistant disease. Until the fundamental biology of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia becomes more clearly understood, development of a new treatment will remain empirical. This review will briefly summarise the recent advances in understanding the molecular aetiology of this group of diseases and highlight the molecules that can be potentially used for therapeutic targets to treat metastatic gestational trophoblastic neoplasia.     

子宫切除对治疗滋养细胞肿瘤价值的探讨

目的 评价子宫切除手术在滋养细胞肿瘤治疗中的作用。方法 对６８例行子宫切除术的滋养细胞肿瘤病例进行回顾性分析,其中侵蚀性葡萄胎３０例,绒癌３８例,结果２３例因年龄偏大,且无生育要求,术前经短暂化疗后,择期行全子宫切除术,２２例获完全缓解,总平均化疗程数为４．２。２７例因产生化疗耐药,且考虑病灶主要局限于子宫,在化疗的同时进行了全子宫切除术,２０例（７４．１％）获完全缓解,总平均化疗程数为９．４。     

Gestational trophoblastic disease: does central nervous system chemoprophylaxis have a role?

In the UK there are standardized surveillance procedures for gestational trophoblastic disease. However, there are differences in practice between the two treatment centres in terms of definition of persistent gestational trophoblastic disease, prognostic risk assessment and chemotherapeutic regimens. The role of prophylactic chemotherapy for cerebral micrometastatic disease in persistent gestational trophoblastic disease is unclear. We have analysed the outcome of 69 patients with lung metastases who elsewhere might have received prophylactic intrathecal chemotherapy. Of the 69 patients, 67 received intravenous chemotherapy only. The other two patients had cerebral metastases at presentation. One patient who received only intravenous chemotherapy subsequently developed a cerebral metastasis, but this patient's initial treatment was compromised by non-compliance. This experience supports our current policy of not treating patients with pulmonary metastases, without clinical evidence of central nervous system (CNS) involvement, with prophylactic intrathecal therapy.     

Gestational trophoblastic tumors

Gestational trophoblastic tumor is a term applied to invasive mole, choriocarcinoma, and placental-site trophoblastic tumor. The overall cure rate in the treatment of these gestational trophoblastic tumors now exceeds 90%. This high success rate is the result of (1) inherent sensitivity of trophoblastic tumors to chemotherapy, (2) ability to monitor therapy effectively with the use of human chorionic gonadotropin as a tumor marker, and (3) identification of prognostic factors which allows categorization of patients into high- and low-risk groups for selection of treatment. Virtually all patients with nonmetastatic and low-risk metastatic disease can be cured using single-agent methotrexate or Actinomycin-D chemotherapy. Intensive therapy with combination chemotherapy including etoposide, high-dose methotrexate and Actinomycin D and, where indicated, adjuvant radiotherapy and surgery has resulted in cure rates of 80-90% in patients with high-risk metastatic disease. The factors which are most important in determining response to treatment are: (1) clinicopathologic diagnosis of choriocarcinoma, (2) metastases to sites other than the lung or vagina, (3) number of metastases, (4) previous failed chemotherapy, and (5) WHO score greater than or equal to 8.     

Effectiveness of craniotomy and long-term survival in 35 patients with gestational trophoblastic neoplasia with brain metastases: a clinical retrospective analysis

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical characteristics, treatments, and prognostic factors among patients with gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) exhibiting brain metastases who underwent craniotomy.MethodsThirty-five patients with GTN who had brain metastases and subsequently underwent craniotomies between January 1990 and December 2018 at Peking Union Medical College Hospital were identified using the GTN database. Their clinical manifestations, treatments, outcomes, and prognostic factors were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsAll 35 patients underwent decompressive craniotomy, hematoma removal, and metastatic tumor resection combined with multiagent chemotherapy. Eighty percent (28/35) achieved complete remission, 11.4% (4/35) achieved partial remission, and 8.6% (3/35) had progressive disease. Not counting 2 patients who were lost to follow-up, 81.8% of the patients (27/33) were alive after a median follow-up of 72 months. The 5-year overall survival rate was 80.4%. Univariate analysis revealed that a history of chemotherapy failure (p=0.020) and a >1-week interval between craniotomy and chemotherapy commencement (p=0.027) were adverse risk factors for survival. Multivariate analysis showed that previous chemotherapy failure remained an independent risk factor for poor survival (odds ratio=11.50; 95% confidence interval=1.55–85.15; p=0.017).ConclusionDecompressive craniotomy is a life-saving option if metastatic hemorrhage and intracranial hypertension produce a risk of cerebral hernia in patients with GTN who have brain metastases. Higher survival rates and improved prognoses can be achieved through perioperative multidisciplinary cooperation and timely standard postoperative chemotherapy.     

Major surgeries performed for gestational trophoblastic neoplasms in a teaching hospital in Tehran, Iran

Objective

This study aim was to evaluate indications and outcomes of surgical interventions performed in patients with gestational trophoblastic neoplasm.

Methods

During January 1995 to December 2005, 110 patients with a diagnosis of persistent gestational trophoblastic neoplasm were treated in our Gynecologic Oncologic Department. Risk score calculation was carried out based on the revised FIGO 2000 scoring system for gestational trophoblastic neoplasm. Data from the patients'' records and pathologic reports were analyzed by the chi-square and Fisher''s exact tests and logistic regression. The Kaplan-Meier method including the log rank test was used to compare survival and recurrence.

Results

Eight patients did not complete their treatment and were excluded from the study. We evaluated treatment responses and outcomes in 102 patients. Seventy-nine patients (77.5%) responded fully to chemotherapy while 23 patients (22.5%) required surgery. Among 23 patients who underwent surgery, 10 cases (43.5%) had bleeding, and 13 cases (56.5%) had drug resistance. Several factors were found to be significantly different between the groups who responded to chemotherapy and those who needed surgery, including age (p=0.001), antecedent non-molar pregnancy (0.028), tumor stage (p=0.009), and pre-treatment risk scores (p=0.008). But, the total courses of chemotherapy (p=0.521), need to salvage chemotherapy (p=0.074), survival rates (p=0.714), and disease free survival rates (p=0.206) were not significantly different.

Conclusion

The data suggest that age, antecedent non-molar pregnancy, tumor stage and the prognostic score are clinical predictors of need for surgery. But, it dose not seem that surgery have any effect on the total course of chemotherapy, need for salvage chemotherapy, and patient prognosis.     

Optimal management of low-risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasia

Low-risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasia is a highly curable form of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia that arises largely from molar pregnancy and, on rare occasions, from other types of gestations. Risk is defined as the risk of developing drug resistance as determined by the WHO Prognostic Scoring System. All patients with non-metastatic disease and patients with risk scores <7 are considered to have low-risk disease. The sequential use of methotrexate and actinomycin D is associated with a complete remission rate of 80%. The most commonly utilized regimen for the treatment of patients resistant to single-agent chemotherapy is a multiagent regimen consisting of etoposide, methotrexate, actinomycin D, vincristine and cyclophosphamide. The measurement of human chorionic gonadotropin provides an accurate and reliable tumor marker for diagnosis, monitoring the effects of chemotherapy and follow-up to determine recurrence. Pregnancy is allowed after 12 months of normal serum tumor marker. Pregnancy outcomes are similar to those of normal population.     

静脉及腹腔联合化疗治疗滋养细胞肿瘤的探讨（附3例报道）

目的：探讨滋养细胞肿瘤治疗的另一种给药途径。方法：总结2000年以来以静脉联合腹腔化疗给药方式治疗的3例滋养细胞肿瘤患者治疗情况。结果：用常规给药途径治疗效果不佳的3例患者均取得满意疗效。其中2例痊愈出院，1例继续治疗。结论：静脉联合腹腔化疗对子宫穿破、盆腹腔病灶及术后局部复发的滋养细胞肿瘤患者，是一种有效的治疗方案。