弹性髓内钉摇杆技术治疗儿童桡骨远端干骺交界区骨折

[目的]介绍弹性髓内钉摇杆技术闭合复位内固定治疗儿童桡骨远端干骺交界区骨折的手术技术和初步临床效果。[方法]对28例儿童桡骨远端干骺交界区骨折患儿行弹性髓内钉摇杆技术闭合复位内固定治疗。透视下用克氏针或止血钳定位桡骨近端“安全区”并标记，以此区为中心行切口，暴露至桡骨。开髓器钻孔，置入髓内钉，旋转弹性髓内钉手柄使骨折远端完成骨折冠状面复位，若骨折仍有旋转移位，可采用“擀面杖”技术纠正。[结果] 28例患儿均顺利完成手术，未出现严重并发症。随访6～18个月，平均（8.4±4.6）个月。末次随访时，患儿腕关节活动度、握力及局部疼痛均较术前明显改善。腕关节改良Mayo评分为80～100分，平均（92.6±7.9）分。临床结果评定为优20例，良8例，优良率为100%。[结论]弹性髓内钉摇杆闭合复位内固定是治疗儿童桡骨远端干骺端骨折微创、简单、安全的方法。     

经皮克氏针撬拨闭合复位弹性髓内钉内固定治疗Judet Ⅲ、Ⅳ型儿童桡骨颈骨折疗效观察

目的 观察经皮克氏针撬拨闭合复位弹性髓内钉内固定治疗Judet Ⅲ、Ⅳ型儿童桡骨颈骨折的临床疗效。方法 回顾性分析自2019-01—2021-12采用经皮克氏针撬拨闭合复位弹性髓内钉内固定治疗的21例Judet Ⅲ、Ⅳ型儿童桡骨颈骨折,标记桡骨颈骨折处,于后外侧将直径2.0 mm或2.5 mm克氏针置入骨折断端并找到桡骨头的位置,采用杠杆原理进行撬拨复位,同时用拇指将移位的桡骨头向内侧推辅助复位,透视确认骨折复位满意后于桡骨远端骨骺近端桡背侧开口,将弹性髓内钉逆行置入桡骨至骨折端,旋转髓内钉确认钉尖向外,缓慢推进穿过骨折端进入桡骨头骺板,不进入关节腔。结果 术后骨折复位质量采用Métaizeau放射学标准评估：优19例,良2例。术后骨折端成角0°～16°,平均5.2°。21例均获得随访,随访时间为6～15个月,平均9.2个月。未出现切口感染、神经或肌腱损伤、弹性髓内钉钉尾激惹、骨骺早闭等并发症。末次随访所有患儿患侧肘关节的屈曲、伸直、旋前、旋后活动度恢复满意,与健侧肘关节活动度比较无明显差异。结论 经皮克氏针撬拨闭合复位弹性髓内钉内固定治疗Judet Ⅲ、Ⅳ型儿童桡骨颈骨折是一种微创手...     

弹性髓内钉微创闭合复位内固定治疗小儿尺桡骨干骨折76例

目的 探讨弹性髓内钉经皮微创闭合复位内固定在儿童尺桡骨干骨折治疗中的临床效果。方法 对2020年1月-2022年3月收治的儿童尺桡骨骨折76例,均使用闭合复位经皮微创弹性髓内钉内固定方法治疗。结果 术后76例患儿均获得随访,随访时间3～9个月,骨折均愈合,未发生桡神经损伤、骨折不愈合、再次骨折等情况。结论 弹性髓内钉闭合复位内固定治疗儿童尺桡骨干骨折是一种较好的内固定方式,创伤小,恢复快,效果满意。     

弹性钉与外固定治疗儿童桡骨远端干骺区骨折

目的探讨弹性髓内钉内固定技术与外固定器技术治疗儿童桡骨远端干骺区骨折的疗效。方法回顾性分析自2017年4月至2021年3月我院收治的儿童桡骨远端干骺区骨折患者65例, 采用弹性髓内钉内固定治疗27例和外固定器治疗38例。弹性钉组中5例、外固定组中12例行辅助撬拨复位, 其余病例均闭合复位。以改良Green-O′Brien腕关节评分比较术后6周和末次随访时患儿肢体功能恢复情况, 以独立样本t检验比较两组病例患侧腕关节屈伸侧偏和前臂旋转功能的差异, P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果术后随访时间为12～15个月, 平均13个月。术后6周, 外固定组的改良Green-O′Brien评分和腕关节、前臂活动范围均优于弹性钉组(P<0.05)。末次随访时, 两组病例的改良Green-O′Brien评分均为优, 该评分和腕关节、前臂活动范围两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论弹性钉内固定技术和外固定器技术均可用于复位固定儿童桡骨远端干骺区骨折, 并可获得满意疗效, 临床应根据患儿和家属的具体诉求进行选择, 以发挥方便护理和早期康复的不同优势。     

预弯“S”形弹性髓内钉治疗大龄儿童桡骨下段骨折

目的 探讨预弯“S”形弹性髓内钉治疗大龄儿童桡骨下段骨折的疗效。方法 采用预弯“S”形弹性髓内钉治疗36例大龄儿童桡骨下段骨折。记录骨折愈合情况及并发症发生情况，按照Grace-Eversmann前臂功能评价标准评价疗效。结果 患儿均获得随访，时间9～12个月。骨折均愈合，时间2～3个月。均未出现感染及骨折不愈合、延迟愈合、畸形愈合等并发症。末次随访按照Grace-Eversmann前臂功能评价标准评价疗效，36例均为优。结论 采用预弯“S”形弹性髓内钉治疗大龄儿童桡骨下段骨折，骨折复位及愈合良好，功能恢复良好，疗效确切。     

弹性髓内钉联合经皮撬拨治疗Judet Ⅲ/Ⅳ型儿童桡骨颈骨折的临床观察

[目的]探讨应用弹性髓内钉联合经皮撬拨治疗JudetⅢ/Ⅳ型儿童桡骨颈骨折的临床疗效。[方法]自2010年1月²012年3月收治JudetⅢ/Ⅳ型儿童桡骨颈骨折患者17例,男9例、女8例,年龄62012年3月收治JudetⅢ/Ⅳ型儿童桡骨颈骨折患者17例,男9例、女8例,年龄6¹2岁,平均9.2岁。采用Metaizeau法弹性髓内钉联合经皮撬拨治疗所有病例,定期随访评估疗效。[结果]本组病例均获得随访,时间(1312岁,平均9.2岁。采用Metaizeau法弹性髓内钉联合经皮撬拨治疗所有病例,定期随访评估疗效。[结果]本组病例均获得随访,时间(13²7)个月,平均17.3个月。X线评估骨折复位优良率100%,远期未出现桡骨头骨骺发育异常、缺血坏死及异位骨化改变等。末次随访肘关节伸直(5°±2°)、屈曲(137°±13°)、前臂旋前(80°±7°)、前臂旋后(81°±8°),与健侧相比较均无显著差异(P<0.05)。Metaizeau法评估肘关节功能优良率达95.2%。[结论]采用Metaizeau法弹性髓内钉联合经皮撬拨治疗JudetⅢ/Ⅳ型儿童桡骨颈骨折微创安全、疗效可靠。     

小切口弹性髓内钉内固定治疗儿童尺桡骨骨折

目的探讨小切口弹性髓内钉内固定治疗儿童尺桡骨骨折的疗效。方法应用双根弹性髓内钉治疗22例尺桡骨闭合骨折患儿。结果患儿均获得随访,时间12～24个月。患儿均达到骨性愈合,无神经损伤、骨折畸形愈合及延迟愈合、骨骺损伤等并发症发生。1例术中闭合复位不佳,1例术后前臂活动受限,2例钉尾皮肤激惹反应形成假性囊肿,1例拇长伸肌腱断裂,均经对症治疗后症状消失。结论选择合适直径的弹性髓内钉,采用小切口闭合复位内固定治疗儿童尺桡骨骨折,是一种比较理想的治疗方法。     

闭合复位弹性髓内钉固定治疗儿童桡骨颈骨折

目的 探讨闭合复位弹性髓内钉固定治疗儿童桡骨颈骨折的疗效。方法 将100例O'BrienⅡ型桡骨颈骨折患儿按随机数字表法分为观察组(使用闭合复位弹性髓内钉固定,50例)与对照组(使用切开复位克氏针固定,50例)。记录术后并发症发生情况。术后12个月采用Mayo肘关节功能评分、肘关节活动度评价临床疗效。结果 患儿均获得随访,观察组随访时间12～18(14. 20±3. 05)个月,对照组随访时间12～19(14. 70±3. 10)个月。术后并发症发生率对照组明显高于观察组(P 0. 01);术后12个月Mayo肘关节功能评分观察组均明显高于对照组(P 0. 05);术后12个月肘关节活动度两组比较差异均无统计学意义(P0. 05)。结论 闭合复位弹性髓内钉固定治疗儿童桡骨颈骨折疗效满意,能有效降低并发症发生率,促进肘关节功能恢复。     

手法复位联合外固定治疗儿童尺桡骨远段骨折

目的 探讨手法复位联合外固定治疗儿童尺桡骨远段骨折的疗效。方法 采用手法复位联合外固定治疗40例尺桡骨远段骨折患儿。记录骨折复位情况、骨折愈合情况、腕关节活动度、前臂旋转度。采用Gartland-Werley评分评价腕关节功能。结果 患儿均获得3个月随访。28例采用夹板合并中立板固定,12例采用夹板合并钢丝托板固定。骨折均复位成功。治疗后2周均可见骨痂生长,治疗后10～12周骨折均愈合。末次随访时,腕关节活动度：背伸65°～70°（68.23°±1.25°）,掌屈77°～80°（78.18°±1.45°）;前臂旋前81°～90°（82.86°±3.82°）,旋后78°～90°（82.14°±3.27°）;采用Gartland-Werley评分评价腕关节功能：优34例,良6例,优良率100%。结论 手法复位联合外固定治疗儿童尺桡骨远段骨折疗效确切、并发症少,更容易被患儿及家长接受。     

微创弹性髓内钉治疗儿童桡骨颈骨折17例临床观察

目的 探讨微创弹性髓内钉治疗儿童桡骨颈骨折的疗效.方法 回顾性研究17例儿童桡骨颈骨折弹性髓内钉的治疗.分析桡骨颈的解剖特点、C型臂X线透机视下撬拨复位、桡骨远端小切口弹性钉固定手术操作要点及优点.结果 患者均获得随访,时间6～24个月.X线愈合时间9～14周,平均11.5周.无畸形愈合及不愈合病例.1例钉尾磨破皮肤,拔钉后愈合.按照肘关节功能HHS评分标准评定前臂旋转功能,旋前均大于90°,旋后均大于60°,评定结果为优.结论 经皮撬拨复位弹性髓内钉治疗儿童桡骨颈骨折创伤小、并发症少等优点.     

Pre‐bent elastic stable intramedullary nail fixation for distal radial shaft fractures in children

Objective: To investigate the functional and radiographic outcomes of pre‐bent elastic stable intramedullary nail in treatment of distal radial shaft fractures in children. Methods: From January 2006 to December 2008, 18 children with distal radial shaft fracture were treated by close reduction and internal fixation with a pre‐bent elastic stable intramedullary nail. The age range was from 5 years to 15 years, with an average of 9 years and 8 months. The minimum follow‐up was 12 months. Results: All fractures maintained good alignment postoperatively, and 94.4% (17/18) of the patients regained a full range of rotation of the forearm. One patient has limitation of rotation to less than 10°, this had improved by final follow‐up. Complications included soft tissue irritation at the site of nail insertion in one patient and transient scar hypersensitivity in another. Conclusion: Fixation with a pre‐bent elastic stable intramedullary nail is an effective, safe and convenient method for treating distal radial shaft fractures in children.     

Elastic intramedullary nail for treatment of extremity fractures in children

Objective： To assess the clinical therapeutic effects of elastic intramedullary nail on extremity fractures in children.
Methods： From June 2005 to March 2008, 40 children with extremity fractures were treated by elastic intramedullary nail, in whom femoral shaft fractures occurred in 26 cases, tibiofibular fractures in 8 cases, radial capitular fractures in 4 cases, ulnoradial fractures in 2 cases. All patients were treated by closed reduction and elastic intramedullary nail fixation. Results： All the fractures gained satisfactory reduction and healing. The average duration needed for fracturehealing was 1-2 months. Postoperative follow-up confirmed a sound functional recovery.
Conclusions： The elastic intramedullary nail is a minimally invasive and effective surgical approach for treatment of extremity fractures in children. It allows early functional exercises after operation and secures a satisfactory bone union and functional recovery.     

Angular malalignment after intramedullary nailing of femoral shaft fractures

OBJECTIVES: To determine factors associated with angular malalignment of femoral shaft fractures treated with intramedullary nails and to determine differences in the incidence of angular malalignment based on fracture location, fracture comminution, and method of treatment (i.e., antegrade or retrograde). DESIGN: Retrospective. SETTING: Level I trauma center. PATIENTS: Three hundred sixty patients with 374 femoral shaft fractures were identified from a prospectively obtained orthopaedic trauma database. Complete sets of immediate postoperative anteroposterior and lateral radiographs were available for 355 (95 percent) of the 374 fractures. INTERVENTION: Patients were treated with antegrade (183 cases) or retrograde (174 cases) intramedullary femoral nailing. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Goniometric measurements were made on all immediate postoperative radiographs to determine the coronal plane and sagittal plane angular alignments. A multiple linear regression statistical analysis was used to determine factors associated with increasing angular malalignment. The incidence of malalignment was determined using more than 5 degrees of deformity in any plane as the definition of malalignment. RESULTS: Proximal fracture location, distal fracture location, and unstable fracture pattern were associated with increasing fracture angulation (p < 0.001). Fracture location in the middle third, stable fracture pattern, method of treatment (i.e., antegrade or retrograde), and nail diameter were not associated with increasing fracture angulation (p > 0.05). The incidence of malalignment was 9 percent for the entire group of patients, 30 percent when the fracture was of the proximal third of the femoral shaft, 2 percent when the fracture was of the middle third, and 10 percent when the fracture was of the distal third. The incidence of malreduction was 7 percent for patients with stable fracture patterns and 12 percent for those with unstable fracture patterns. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with fractures of the proximal third of the femoral shaft treated with intramedullary nails are at highest risk for malalignment. Proximal fracture location, distal fracture location, and unstable fracture pattern are associated with increasing fracture angulation.     

Pediatric femoral shaft fractures treated by flexible intramedullary nailing

Background: Nowadays pediatric femoral fractures are more commonly managed with operative treatment rather than conservative treatment because of more rapid recovery and avoidance of prolonged immobilization. Children between the ages of 5e13 years are treated either by traction plus hip spica and flexible/elastic stable retrograde intramedullary nail, or external fixators in the case of open fractures. The aim of this study is to evaluate the outcome of pediatric femoral shaft fractures treated by stainless steel flexible intramedullary nail in children between 5 and 13 years of age. Methods: There were 32 cases of femoral shaft fractures which were all fixed with stainless steel flexible intramedullary nail under fluoroscopy. Long leg cast was applied at the time of fixation. Partial weight bearing was started 2 weeks after surgery. Patients were evaluated in follow-up study to observe the alignment of fracture, infection, delayed union, nonunion, limb length discrepancy, motion of knee joint, and time to unite the fracture. Results: We were able to follow up 28 out of 32 patients. The patients were 8.14 years of age on average. The mean hospital stay after operation was 4 days and fracture union time was 9.57 weeks. There were 3 cases of varus angulation, 2 cases of anterior angulation, and 4 cases of limb lengthening. Conclusion: Patients aged between 5 and 13 years treated with flexible intramedullary nail for closed femoral shaft fracture have rapid union and recovery, short rehabilitation period, less immobilization and psychological impact, and cost-effective.     

Intramedullary fixation for pediatric unstable forearm fractures

Forty-nine children with diaphyseal both-bone forearm fractures were treated with either both-bone intramedullary wire fixation (24), single ulnar intramedullary wire fixation (22), or single radial intramedullary wire fixation (3). Six fractures were open and 43 were closed. A limited open approach to one or both bones was necessary for insertion of the intramedullary wire in 10 of 43 closed fractures. All both-bone and single radial intramedullary wire fixations healed with less than 5 degrees angulation. Progressive reangulation of the nonfixed radial fracture after an initial satisfactory reduction was seen in seven of the 22 fractures treated with single ulnar intramedullary wire fixation. In four patients, the reangulation was controlled by a change of cast and molding of the fracture and was between 8 degrees and 12 degrees at union. In two other patients a second operative procedure was required to reduce and internally fix the radius. One fracture healed with a radial angulation of 25 degrees. Three fractures in older patients showed late reangulation after early removal of intramedullary wires at 5 weeks. The results of the current study suggest that the radius and ulna should be stabilized with intramedullary wires and that the wires should be buried to reduce the need for early removal.     

Remodeling of forearm fractures in children

A prospective study of 42 children with forearm fractures, treated by closed reduction and plaster, was conducted to assess the remodeling capacity of the radial epiphyseal plate after union of fracture with angulation. The children's ages ranged from 3 to 15 years. The effect of residual angulation of the healed fracture on the distal radial epiphyseal plate was examined radiographically over a median follow-up time of 3 years and 2 months, to observe the behavior of the distal radial epiphyseal plate during remodeling and to identify the factors that influenced this process. On the basis of these findings, guidelines are proposed for the treatment of forearm fractures that have healed with residual angulation. The inclinations of the distal radial epiphyseal plate on the fractured and normal forearms were compared on anteroposterior and lateral radiographs, at union and at final follow-up, in both the radioulnar and the dorsovolar planes. An alteration of inclination was seen in all patients with dorsovolar angulation of the radial growth plate, which always tended toward a correction of the abnormal inclination. In diaphyseal fractures, the distal radial epiphyseal plate realigned well only in children aged < or = 10 years, whereas with distal radial fractures, realignment of the epiphyseal plate and restoration of function was uniformly good up to age 15. Diaphyseal fractures, with radioulnar angulation in the growth plate, did not seem to remodel completely and were associated with loss of motion, whereas in distal fractures, irrespective of the final inclination of the epiphyseal plate, the range of motion returned completely at the end of follow-up. Abnormal angulation in the radioulnar plane was poorly corrected in all patients. These results could be helpful in the treatment of forearm fractures that are positioned or have healed in residual angulation.     

弹性髓内钉固定与外固定支架治疗儿童股骨干骨折疗效比较

目的：比较弹性髓内针与外固定支架治疗儿童股骨干骨折的疗效。方法：2002年9月至2008年8月治疗儿童股骨干骨折共67例,使用弹性髓内针治疗儿童股骨干骨折36例,男23例,女13例,年龄5～11岁,平均（7.1±1.6）岁;外固定支架治疗31例,男19例,女12例,年龄3～12岁,平均（6.5±2.3）岁。所有病例均为闭合复位,对两种不同内固定术后骨折愈合时间、术后并发症进行比较分析。结果：全部病例均获随访,时间9～24个月,平均（12±3）个月。弹性随内针组治疗小儿股骨骨折在骨折临床愈合时间和骨性愈合时间均短于外固定支架组（P〈0.05）。外固定支架组,继发钉道感染5例,骨折延迟愈合3例,再骨折2例,螺钉断裂1例;弹性髓内针组钉尾激惹3例。结论：弹性髓内针治疗儿童股骨干骨折有很大优势,而对高能量骨折及多发伤的病例外固定支架则不失为一种良好的选择,股骨近端和远端骨折尽量避免使用弹性髓内针固定。     

Treatment of isolated ulnar shaft fractures with prefabricated functional fracture braces

In a prospective study, from September 1980 to December 1984, 146 isolated ulnar shaft fractures were treated with prefabricated fracture braces. Clinical and roentgenographic follow-up data were available for 73 fractures. Functional results were rated excellent in 64 fractures (88%), good in seven (9%), and poor in two (3%). All fractures healed in an average time of 57 days. The mean angulation measured 6 degrees in the mediolateral plane and 4 degrees in the anteroposterior plane. The complication rate was 18%, relating mostly to residual angulation. Most isolated fractures of the distal one-half of the ulnar shaft can be treated successfully with prefabricated fracture braces.     

预置阻挡钉在治疗胫骨螺旋形骨折合并后踝骨折中的作用

目的 探讨预置阻挡钉在治疗胫骨中下1/3 螺旋形骨折合并后踝骨折中的作用.方法 回顾性分析2018 年5月至2020 年6 月收治的24 例胫骨中下1/3 螺旋形骨折合并后踝骨折患者临床资料.所有患者均采用预置阻挡钉技术,并进行髓内钉及空心钉内固定治疗.术后记录胫骨正位 X 线片上冠状面力线(胫骨远端外侧角)、膝关节疼...     

Completely displaced distal radius fractures with intact ulnas in children

Completely displaced distal radius fractures with intact ulnas are uncommon, difficult-to-reduce fractures in children. Ten of these fractures were retrospectively reviewed from a series of more than 600 forearm fractures. Eight of ten patients were available for follow up clinically and radiologically at an average of 21 months. Considerable remodeling was noted including two fractures that were left in an overriding position of 10 mm. If angulation does not exceed 16 degrees of radial deviation and 20 degrees of dorsal angulation, repeat manipulations need not be performed. Stimulation of growth by the fracture restored radial length. Thus, reduction of the overriding is unnecessary.