TPN联合重组人生长激素在腹部大手术的应用

目的 研究腹部大手术后联合使用重组人生长激素（ｒｈＧＨ）和ＴＰＮ对病人氮平衡及营养状况的影响,方法 选择２７例接受腹部大手术和完全胃肠外营养的病人,随机分为研究组（１５例）和对照组（１２例）术后连续７天,每天皮下注射重组人生长激素４单位或安慰剂（等渗盐水）,结果：ｒｈＧＨ＋ＴＰＮ显著促进了氮平衡的恢复,提高了血浆白蛋白和转转蛋白水平,增加了体重和肌酐／身高指数,并降低了血尿素氮,但对肱三头肌皮皱厚     

重组人生长激素对术后患者营养状态的影响

目的探讨小剂量重组人生长激素对腹部手术患者营养状态的影响。方法48例需行腹部手术的患者随机分为3组，A、B组每日给予重组人生长激素皮下注射0.15U·kg－1·d-1和0．075U·kg-1·d-1，C组为对照组，以生理盐水为安慰剂。每例患者进行体重、握力、上臂中部周长、尿中尿素氮、肌酐、血中转铁蛋白及淋巴细胞总数定期测定和相关性分析。结果A组患者的体重、握力较C组显著增加（P＜0.05）；A组累积氮平衡亦明显高于对照组（P＜0.05）;其余指标无显著改变。而B组各项指标变化与对照组比较均无统计学差异。结论重组人生长激素能促进术后患者的蛋白质合成，尽快达到正氮平衡，增加患者的体重和握力，提高术后生活质量和对手术打击的耐受性，加速患者恢复，其作用与剂量有关。     

Nutritional and hormonal effects of biosynthetic human growth hormone in surgical patients on total parenteral nutrition.

The anabolic effects of biosynthetic human growth hormone (BHGH) were tested on 30 patients, aged 37-68 yr, divided into four groups: group 1 received surgery plus total parenteral nutrition (TPN) plus BHGH, group 2 received just surgery and TPN, Group 3 received TPN and BHGH, and group 4 received just TPN. TPN was given as an all-in-one formula (glucose 4.7 g.kg.-1day-1, amino acids 1.2 g.kg-1.day-1, lipids 0.7 g.kg-1.day-1, electrolytes and trace elements. BHGH (0.25 IU.kg-1.day-1) or placebo were administered subcutaneously at 0800 for 10 days. Nitrogen and phosphorous balance, as well as the common plasma nutritional markers (transferrin, albumin, prealbumin), triglycerides, apolipoprotein B, insulin, and cortisol were evaluated daily. Urinary creatinine loss was evaluated on days 3, 7, and 10. Cumulative nitrogen balance was better in group 1 (-16.1 +/- 3.2 g N2) than in group 2 (-33.7 +/- 4.6 g N2) (P less than 0.01), whereas the difference was nonsignificant in groups 3 and 4. Phosphorous balance and creatinine excretion paralleled nitrogen balance. Plasma markers were not significantly improved in group 1 compared with group 2; however, they were significantly better in group 3 than in group 4. Lipids were better metabolized in the BHGH-treated groups. Insulin was increased in both groups 1 and 3, whereas cortisol did not rise after surgical stress, probably because of BHGH administration. A positive effect of BHGH on nutritional status and hormonal background is suggested by these data.     

重组人生长激素对消化道术后病人的影响

对术后病人的机体进行调理是近年外科营养研究的热点。本文就重组人生长激素对术后病人的代谢，防御功能，伤口愈合的影响进行了综述。     

重组人生长激素对消化道术后病人氮平衡作用的研究

目的了解重组人生长激素(rhGH)对手术后病人氮平衡的影响。方法在肠全外营养(TIN)的基础上，加用rhGH治疗消化道大中型手术后10例病人，并与同期仅用TPN治疗的10例病人做对照研究。结果1．2组病人均未获得正氮平衡，但GH组氮平衡明显改善；术后5天累积氮平衡GH组显高于对照组。2．术后3天、5天，累积尿氮的排出，对照组较GH组高，二差别有显统计学意义。3．术后1天引流氮的排出、术后3天累积引流氮的排出及平均每天引流氮的排出，GH组均较对照组低，但无显的统计学意义。结论在低氮和低热的基础上，rhGH能减轻术后病人的负氮平衡。主要是通过减少尿氮的排出而达到节氮效果，rhGH对引流氮影响不大。     

重组人生长激素与肠外营养支持在腹部外科危重病人的应用

目的 :探讨重组人生长激素 (rhGH)与肠外营养支持 (PN)在腹部外科危重病人治疗中的作用。　方法 :随机选择有严重创伤、感染并伴有低白蛋白血症 (<30g/L)的腹部外科危重病人 4 0例 ,2 0例为对照组 (PN) ,2 0例为实验组 (rhGH PN) ,观察治疗前后病人氮平衡及血浆蛋白的变化。　结果 :对照组和实验组治疗干预后 ,负氮平衡均逐渐减少 ,与对照组相比 ,实验组负氮平衡减少更为明显 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,治疗后第 5天达到正氮平衡。治疗前两组病人血清蛋白指标无明显差异 ,治疗后均升高 ,而实验组血清蛋白水平明显高于对照组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,二者差异显著。　结论 :rhGH与PN联合应用可明显纠正负氮平衡 ,促进蛋白质合成 ,因而必将成为危重病人营养支持的理想方法。     

Calciuria in total parenteral nutrition: effects of amino acids and glucose in rats

Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is known to cause hypercalciuria and negative calcium balance in some patients. We have now shown that the administration of TPN to rats causes marked increases in urinary calcium losses. Moreover, urinary calcium excretion in the TPN rat responds to changes in the infusate concentration of calcium and amino acids similarly to what has been observed in TPN patients. For any given increase in the amount of calcium infused 130% more calcium was excreted in the urine by rats receiving TPN compared to rats receiving saline alone. At a fixed level of calcium infused, urinary calcium increased linearly when the amino acid content of the infusate was increased from 0 to 2.75 to 4.25%. However, a reduction in the glucose load, via isocaloric substitution with lipid by 60%, had no effect on urinary calcium excretion. The TPN rat appears to be a promising animal model in which to investigate the hypercalciuretic effect of intravenous nutrition, particularly as calcium homeostasis may be affected by various nutritional components of the TPN solution.     

Nutritional effects of branched-chain amino acids on injured rats in total parenteral nutrition

In this study, we investigated the optimal contents of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) in a balanced amino acid infusion in laparotomized rats. The BCAA contents of four infusion solutions used were prepared to 22, 31, 40, and 49% of total amino acids, respectively. The amounts of essential amino acids except for BCAA were equal in all the solutions. Rats weighing about 240 g were infused with about 200 mg of nitrogen and 10 g of glucose daily for 7 days and evaluated for body weight change, nitrogen balance, plasma and urinary amino acid levels, and plasma constituent levels. The body weights of all the groups were approximately maintained during the infusion period. The nitrogen balance of the BCAA-31 group was more positive than that of the BCAA-22 group and was not different from those of the BCAA-40 and BCAA-49 groups. Plasma total-protein level of the BCAA-31 group was higher than that of the BCAA-22 group and was equal to those of the BCAA-40 and BCAA-49 groups. Even when the BCAA content in an amino acid infusion was increased, no abnormal elevation was observed in plasma BCAA levels. There were no differences in the other nutritional parameters among the four infusion groups. These results suggest that the BCAA contents in an amino acid infusion are enough at 31% of total amino acids for this injured rat model.     

生长激素在高龄病人腹部手术后的应用

目的:探讨高龄病人腹部手术后生长激素的应用. 方法:将近2年我院收治26例腹部手术的高龄病人随机分为治疗组及对照组,于手术后第2天开始,每天皮下分别注射重组人生长激素8 U或等渗盐水2 ml,连续7天,并应用肠外营养.术前及术后第3、8天测体重、血清清蛋白、右手握力、睡眠时间及拆线天数. 结果:术后血清清蛋白水平提高、体重增加、右手握力及睡眠时间的恢复,实验组均明显优于对照组(P<0.01).拆线时间实验组也短于对照组. 结论:生长激素能使高龄病人蛋白质合成增加,促进切口愈合,并可减轻术后疲劳综合征.     

重组人生长激素体外干预人肝癌细胞生长及受体表达

目的研究体外环境下重组人生长激素（rhGH）对生长激素受体（GHR）不同表达状态的人肝癌细胞株增殖、凋亡及其细胞膜表面GHR密度的影响。方法体外培养人肝癌细胞株HepG-2、SMMC7721和QGY-7701,采用免疫细胞化学方法检测这3种肝癌细胞GHR的表达。每种肝癌细胞根据不同处理分为4组：未处理组、50ng／mlrhGH干预组、100ng／mlrhGH干预组、200ng／mlrhGH干预组。采用四甲基偶氮唑蓝比色法、羟基荧光素二醋酸盐琥珀酰亚胺脂（CFSE）荧光染色法、酶联免疫吸附法分析不同浓度rhGH对人肝癌细胞系的细胞生长、增殖、胰岛素样生长因子-1（IGF-1）分泌等的影响。流式、放射性受体分析方法检测rhGH处理后细胞膜表面GHR表达情况。结果细胞株HepG-2高表达GHR;与未处理组相比,50、100、200ng／mlrhGH干预24h后生长率明显增高为：107．705％、114．181％、107．406％（P〈0．05）,48h后生长率明显增高为：109．594％、114．156％、109．292％（P〈0．05）;CFSE荧光强度明显减弱（P〈0．05）;50、100、200ng／mlrhGH干预组24h后下游蛋白IGF-1分别为（236．94±19．07）、（247．16±14．56）、（217．94±33．61）pg／ml,明显高于未处理组的（173．86±27．46）pg/ml（P〈0．05）;50、100、200ng／mlrhGH干预后,流式细胞术检测胞膜表面GHR表达情况,荧光强度较未处理组明显增加（P〈0．05）;放射性受体分析法检测50、100、200ng／mlrhGH干预后胞膜表面GHR位点数（10^3／细胞）分别为：8．44±0．24、9．40±0．51、8．33±0．31,明显多于空白对照组的7．51±0．54（P〈0．05）。细胞株SMMC7721弱表达GHR,细胞株QGY-7701未表达GHR,与未处理组比,rhGH干预组生长率、CFSE荧光强度、下游蛋白IGF-1、GHR表达差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论体外环境下,rhGH可以促进GHR高表达人肝癌细胞株HepG-2增殖,提高其IGF-1的表达量和增加其胞膜GHR密度;但不促进人肝癌细胞株QGY-7701、SMMC7721增殖,不能使其GHR表达状态发生改变。     

重组人生长激素对GHD和ISS患儿的临床影响

目的 观察重组人生长激素对生长激素缺乏症(GHD)和特发性矮身材(ISS)患儿的影响.方法 于2013年3月至2016年6月,在湖北省恩施市中心医院儿科随机选取47例ISS患儿及47例GHD患儿予以重组人生长激素治疗.对比ISS组患儿及GHD组患儿治疗前后的生长速率、体重、身高、身高标准差计数、骨龄及胰岛素样生长因子-1.结果 治疗后与治疗前相比,两组患儿的生长速率、身高标准差计数及胰岛素样生长因子-1水平均明显增高,差异具有统计学意义(ISS组:t值分别为19.45、5.28、23.66,均P<0.05;GHD组:t值分别为20.29、5.71、22.77,均P<0.05);而体重、身高及骨龄均较治疗前增加,但差异无明显统计学意义(ISS组:t值分别为1.86、1.48、1.87,均P>0.05;GHD组:t值分别为1.78、1.43、1.81,均P>0.05).治疗过程中两组患儿均无严重的不良反应出现.结论 重组人生长激素对于ISS和GHD患儿的疗效显著,安全性高.     

重组人生长激素体外干预人肝癌细胞生长及受体表达

24、9.40±0.51、8.33±0.31,明显多于空白对照组的7.51±0.54(P＜0.05).细胞株SMMC7721弱表达GHR,细胞株QGY-7701未表达GHR,与未处理组比,rhGH干预组生长率、CFSE荧光强度、下游蛋白IGF-1、GHR表达差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 体外环境下,rhGH可以促进GHR高表达人肝癌细胞株HepG-2增殖,提高其IGF-1的表达量和增加其胞膜GHR密度;但不促进人肝癌细胞株QGY-7701、SMMC7721增殖,不能使其GHR表达状态发生改变.     

重组人生长激素治疗原发性肾病综合征高脂血症的疗效观察

[目的]探讨重组人生长激素(rhGH)对原发性肾病综合征高脂血症的治疗效果. [方法]对53例原发性肾病综合征患儿常规应用低盐、低脂、低蛋白饮食和泼尼松治疗,其中rhGH治疗组22例(7例为初发病例,15例为复发病例)加用rhGH 0.1 U/(kg*d) 治疗10 d,肾病对照组31例(6例为初发病例,25例为复发病例)不加用rhGH治疗;治疗前和治疗10 d后两组分别采血测定血脂水平. [结果]初发和复发肾病rhGH治疗组的TG、TC、VLDL、LDL-C和ApoB100水平均分别低于初发和复发肾病对照组,HDL-C、ApoAⅠ、ApoCⅡ和ALB水平均分别高于初发和复发肾病对照组,而两组的Lp(a)、BUN、Scr、Ccr、TUP水平无明显差别. [结论]rhGH能安全、有效地治疗原发性肾病综合征的高脂血症.     

较长时间肠外营养支持病人加用生长激素的临床观察

目的观察重组人生长激素(rHGH)对较长时间接受肠外营养(PN)支持患的影响。     

添加rhGH与Gln的肠外营养对短肠大鼠代谢效应的影响

目的研究添加人重组生长激素(rhGH)及谷氨酰胺(Gln)的肠外营养(PN)对短肠大鼠机体合成代谢的作用及作用机制. 方法将SD大鼠按2×2析因设计方案随机分成STD、Gln、rhGH及GG 4组,建立PN短肠大鼠动物模型.测定各组大鼠体重及氮平衡变化,测定PN后大鼠各组织器官重量及机体总体水、脂肪及蛋白含量变化,测定血GH及IGF-1浓度. 结果 rhGH组及GG组大鼠体重显著增加,氮平衡改善;腓肠肌重量增加;机体总体蛋白明显升高,体脂下降;血GH及IGF-1显著升高,P值均<0.05;单位长度小肠重量在Gln与rhGH组显著增加,GG组增加最为明显,P<0.05. 结论 rhGH具有显著的促机体合成代谢作用,Gln作用不明显,但二者对残余小肠代偿具有协同促进作用.IGF-1在rhGH的促合成代谢机制中起重要介导作用.     

重组人生长激素对荷人胃癌裸鼠移植瘤血管内皮生长因子表达的影响

目的研究重组人生长激素（rhGH）对生长激素受体（GHR）不同表达状态裸鼠人胃癌移植瘤生长及血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）表达的影响。方法采用免疫细胞化学染色法筛选出GHR阳性和阴性表达的细胞株各1株,分别接种于24只裸鼠皮下。将两种细胞接种裸鼠均随机分为对照组（0．9％NaCl,0．2ml／d）、低剂量rhGH组（0．5U·kg^-1·d^-1,0．2ml／d）和高剂量rhGH组（2．5U·kg^-1·d^-1,0．2mL／d）3组,每组8只,各组均连续给药14d,观察并记录裸鼠体重和肿瘤体积变化;采用酶联免疫吸附法测定各组裸鼠血清VEGF含量,免疫组织化学方法检测胃癌组织中VEGF蛋白表达,RT-PCR方法检测胃癌组织VEGFmRNA水平变化。结果筛选出GHR阳性表达的人胃癌细胞株SGC-7901和阴性表达的MKN-45。对于GHR^＋SGC-7901接种裸鼠,rhGH给药组皮下移植瘤体积较对照组增大（P〈0．05）,且高剂量rhGH组促增长效应最为显著（P〈0．05）,3组间体重差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;高剂量rhGH组的血清VEGF浓度为（252．94±15．32）ng／L,明显高于对照组的（49．94±5．73）ng／L和低剂量rhGH组的（167．60±9．54）ng／L（P〈0．05）;对照组VEGF表达为中度阳性,rhGH给药组呈强阳性;高剂量rhGH组肿瘤组织中VEGFmRNA相对表达量为0．6470±0．0447,明显高于对照组的0．3230±0．0258和低剂量rhGH组的0．4120±0．0351（P〈0．05）。对于GHR—MKN-45接种裸鼠,rhGH给药组体重明显大于对照组（P〈0．05）;肿瘤体积大小、血清VEGF水平、肿瘤组织VEGF蛋白及mRNA表达,3组间差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论rhGH能促进GHR阳性表达的SGC-7901移植瘤生长,并促进VEGF表达增高;对于GHR阴性的MKN-45移植瘤,则没有表现出明显的促肿瘤生长及促VEGF表达效应。GHR存在可能是rhGH影响VEGF分泌的关键靶点。     

小剂量重组人生长激素对腹腔脓毒症病人疾病严重度的影响

目的:观察腹腔脓毒症病人应用小剂量生长激素(GH)后疾病严重度的变化,评估GH对脓毒症病人病情和预后的影响,从而评价GH在脓毒症病人中应用的安全性.方法:18例非肿瘤、既往无代谢性疾病史的腹腔脓毒症病人,在进行外科引流并且血流动力学平稳后进入8天的研究,第1天为基准阶段,其后每天给予重组人生长激素(rhGH)10 U,肌内注射,检测每天的血清GH、IGF-1和IGFBP-3的浓度,应用APACHE-Ⅱ评分系统和Elebute＆Stoner的脓毒症评分系统,每天进行疾病严重度的评估.结果:应用rhGH后,血清GH、IGF-1和IGFBP-3的浓度均有明显升高,疾病严重度的评分均有明显下降.结论:rhGH在腹腔脓毒症病人中应用可以发挥其生物学效应;腹腔脓毒症病人在行病灶清除引流,生命体征平稳后应用rhGH是安全的.脓毒症病人的疾病严重度评分并未增加,脓毒症评分在用药期间明显减小.     

Integrated nutritional, hormonal, and metabolic effects of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) supplementation in trauma patients

An anabolic stimulus is needed in addition to conventional nutritional support in the catabolic “flow” phase of severe trauma. One promising therapy appears to be rhGH infusion which has direct as well as hormonal mediated substrate effects. We investigated on a whole-body level, the basic metabolic effects of trauma within 48–60 h after injury in 20 severely injured (injury severity score [ISS] = 31 ± 2), highly catabolic (N LOSS = 19 ± 2 g/d), hypermetabolic (resting energy expenditure [REE] = 141 ± 5% basal energy expenditure [BEE]), adult (age 46 ± 5 y) multiple-trauma victims, before starting nutrition therapy and its modification after 1 wk of rhGH supplementation with TPN (1.1 × REE calories, 250 mg N·kg⁻¹·d⁻¹). Group H (n = 10) randomly received at 8:00 a.m. on a daily basis rhGH (0.15 mg·kg⁻¹·d⁻¹) and Group C (n = 10) received the vehicle of infusion. Protein metabolism (turnover, synthesis and breakdown rates, and N balance); glucose kinetics (production, oxidation, and recycling); lipid metabolism, (lipolysis and fat oxidation rates), daily metabolic and fuel substrate oxidation rate (indirect calorimetry); and plasma levels of hormones, substrates, and amino acids were quantified. In group H compared to group C: N balance is less negative (−41 ± 18 vs −121 ± 19 mg N·kg⁻¹·d⁻¹, P = 0.001); whole body protein synthesis rate is 28 ± 2% (P = 0.05) higher; protein synthesis efficiency is higher (62 ± 2% vs 48 ± 3%, P = 0.010); plasma glucose level is significantly elevated (256 ± 25 vs 202 ± 17 mg/dL, P = 0.05) without affecting hepatic glucose output (1.51 ± 0.20 vs 1.56 ± 0.6 mg N·kg⁻¹·min⁻¹), glucose oxidation and recycling rates; significantly enhanced rate of lipolysis (P = 0.006) and free fatty acid reesterification (P = 0.05); significantly elevated plasma levels of anabolic GH, IGF-1, IGFBP-3, and insulin; trauma induced counter-regulatory hormone (cortisol, glucagon, catecholamines) levels are not altered; trauma induced hypoaminoacidemia is normalized (P < 0.05) and 3-methylhistidine excretion is significantly low (P < 0.001). Improved plasma IGF-1 levels in Group H compared with Group C account for protein anabolic effects of adjuvant rhGH and may be helpful in promoting tissue repair and early recovery. Skeletal muscle protein is spared by rhGH resulting in the stimulation of visceral protein breakdown. The hyperglycemic, hyperinsulinemia observed during rhGH supplementation may be due to defective nonoxidative glucose disposal, as well as inhibition of glucose transport activity into tissue cells. The simultaneous operation of increased lipolytic and reesterification processes may allow the adipocyte to respond rapidly to changes in peripheral metabolic fuel requirements during injury. This integral approach helps us to better understand the mechanism of the metabolic effects of rhGH.     

重组人生长激素在肠瘘伴低白蛋白血症病人中前瞻性应用研究

本研究前瞻性观察重组人生长激素（ｒｅｃｏｍｂｉｎａｔｅｄｈｕｍａｎＧｒｏｗｔｈＨｏｒｍｏｎｅ，ｒｈＧＨ）在肠外瘘伴低白蛋白血症病人的作用。选择１９９５年１２月～１９９７年６月间住院的肠瘘伴低白蛋白血症（＜３０ｇ／Ｌ）病人３０例，随机分为对照组１５例和ｒｈＧＨ组１５例，重组人生长激素（瑞士，Ｓｅｒｏｎｏ产品）４Ｕ×３／ｄ，肌肉注射，连续７天。实验前（０天）、实验第４和第８天，测定病人体重、血生化、血浆蛋白。结果示（１）两组病人治疗后体重均无明显的变化（Ｐ＞０．０５），两组病人的血糖、血清肌酐、ＡＫＰ、ＡＬＴ和总胆红素亦无明显差异。（２）ｒｈＧＨ组第８天的血清白蛋白浓度（３５．４±４．５ｇ／Ｌ）显著高于治疗前（２８．７±３．０ｇ／Ｌ）（Ｐ＜０．０１），而对照组血清白蛋白浓度无显著提高（Ｐ＞０．０５）。在实验第８天ｒｈＧＨ组的血清白蛋白浓度（３５．４±４．５ｇ／Ｌ）显著高于对照组（２９．１４±３．０ｇ／Ｌ）（Ｐ＜０．０５）。（３）ｒｈＧＨ组病人治疗后血清前白蛋白浓度（４．５±１．８ｇ／Ｌ）显著高于治疗前（２．９±１．７ｇ／Ｌ）和对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。（４）ｒｈＧＨ组病人治疗后血清转铁蛋白浓度显著高于治疗前和对照     

低热量肠外营养联合生长激素在胃肠道肿瘤病人术后应用的临床研究

目的:探讨重组人生长激素(rhGH)对胃肠道肿瘤病人术后蛋白质代谢的影响.方法:将39例胃肠道肿瘤病人随机、双盲分为两组:低热量肠外营养支持 安慰剂为对照组(n=20);低热量肠外营养支持 rhGH为治疗组(n=19).观察病人术后血清胰岛素样生长因子(IGF-1)和蛋白质代谢的变化情况.结果:IGF-1、前清蛋白、转铁蛋白、纤维连接蛋白术后3 d均有明显下降,治疗后都有不同程度的恢复.治疗组术后10 d IGF-1、前清蛋白、转铁蛋白、纤维连接蛋白明显高于对照组(P＜0.05);治疗组正氮平衡也比对照组恢复得早(P＜0.05).结论:低热量肠外营养支持联合rhGH能促进胃肠道肿瘤病人的蛋白质合成,明显改善病人术后的营养状况.