Usefulness of autologous blood transfusion for avoiding allogenic transfusion and infectious complications after esophageal cancer resection

BACKGROUND: A retrospective investigation was conducted to determine whether autologous blood collection could reduce allogenic transfusion after resection of esophageal cancer and whether allogenic transfusion influenced postoperative infection. METHODS: Patients (n = 100) who met the criteria for hemoglobin, age, body weight, and serum protein donated 800 mL of autologous blood from May 1994 to December 1997. The control group (n = 248) was selected from patients who met the same criteria and did not donate autologous blood over the 10 years before the start of autologous blood collection. RESULTS: Only three patients (3%) from the autologous group required allogenic transfusion versus 84 patients (33.7%) from the control group. Sixteen of the 26 patients who received more than 4 units of allogenic blood contracted postoperative infections compared with 25 of 165 patients who did not (P < .0001). Autologous blood transfusion significantly increased the probability of avoiding allogenic transfusion (odds ratio, 27.58), and allogenic transfusion was significantly related to postoperative infection (odds ratio, 1.19), according to logistic regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Autologous blood collection reduces the need for allogenic transfusion in patients undergoing resection of esophageal cancer, and avoidance of allogenic transfusion may reduce the risk of postoperative infection.     

Perioperative blood transfusion associated with infectious complications after colorectal cancer operations

We prospectively studied 168 consecutive patients with colorectal cancer to identify perioperative determinants of infectious complications. All patients received preoperative bowel preparation with laxatives, enemas, oral neomycin and erythromycin base, and intravenous cefazolin. Age, sex, admission hematocrit value, operative procedure, specimen length, duration of operation, blood loss, transfusions, tumor size, tumor differentiation, nodal status, and Dukes' stage were evaluated in relation to infectious complications using multivariate analysis. Infectious complications developed in 24 of the 168 patients in the study (14 percent) and these accounted for the four deaths. Blood transfusion (p = 0.0100) and admission hematocrit value (p = 0.0191) were significantly related to postoperative infectious complications. Low admission hematocrit values appeared to protect patients from infectious complications. Patients who had postoperative infectious complications received 2.14 +/- 2.75 units of blood compared with 0.82 +/- 1.37 units in patients without infectious complications (p = 0.0005). Although blood transfusion was associated with high operative blood loss, prolonged procedures, and large specimens (p less than 0.005), none of these factors was significantly associated with infectious complications (p greater than 0.10). Blood transfusion is immunosuppressive in other clinical situations and may be a more significant factor affecting postoperative immune function and susceptibility to infectious complications than previously recognized.     

Informed consent, risk, and blood transfusion

Informed consent for blood transfusion has become a necessity in light of the known risks associated with this service. All transfusion services should institute written informed consent that clearly defines the patient's options, including the use of homologous blood, autologous blood, and directed donations. The risk of transfusion with an infectious blood product is dependent on the number of donors per recipient and the prevalence of undetected, contaminated blood in the tested blood supply. The chance that an adverse transfusion will occur can be calculated by use of these variables. Comparative risks can be explained to patients, thereby providing an understanding of the transfusion risk of human immunodeficiency virus, the human T-cell leukemia virus, and the agent of non-A, non-B hepatitis (hepatitis C).     

The transfusion of conserved blood

A brief résumé has been given of the technic and results of transfusion with conserved blood. Conserved blood from a living donor is superior to blood obtained from the placenta or the cadaver but is inferior to fresh blood from a living donor.     

Blood transfusion strategies for total knee arthroplasty: Minimizing autologous blood wastage,risk of homologous blood transfusion,and transfusion cost

In this nonrandomized study, alternative strategies were suggested to 10 orthopaedic surgeons to minimize autologous blood wastage, the risk of homologous blood transfusion, and cost associated with blood product usage after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). One hundred fifty-five patients with 177 consecutive TKAs over a 2-year period were studied. Group 1 patients had undergone unilateral TKA and did not predonate; 1A patients (n = 19) were drained with a Hemovac, and 1B patients (n = 28) with a postoperative blood recovery system. Group 2 patients (n = 47) predonated one packed red blood cell (pRBC) unit. Group 3 patients (n = 20) predonated 2 pRBC units. Group 4 patients had undergone bilateral sequential TKAs (n = 21) and had predonated 2 pRBC units. Group 5 patients (n = 14) had undergone revision TKA procedures and their blood requirements were individualized. Group 6 patients (n = 6) had preexisting anemia and were excluded from the study. There was no significant difference in total blood loss (909 mL) between groups. Female sex was associated with significantly lower admission hematocrit. Homologous blood was required for 4% of patients in the entire study and the percentage was not statistically different between groups. Twenty-five percent of patients who predonated autologous pRBCs did not use all or some of it. In group 1, the postoperative blood recovery system had a significant effect on reducing postoperative hematocrit drop (P = .0001), but it was not a significant factor if autologous pRBCs were available. The costs associated with group 1A were significantly less (P = .0001) compared with the other groups; group 1A had the highest admission hematocrit (43.2). Transfusion with autologous pRBCs was related to lower admission hematocrit rather than to increased postoperative blood loss. An algorithm is presented to provide cost-effective management of blood products after TKA.     

增加全髋患者术中术后输血的原因分析

目的: 探讨一些因素对全髋置换术中术后输血的影响。方法: 利用统计学方法, 评价年龄、性别、血压、体重指数和手术入路等因素对 65例择期、单侧、骨水泥型全髋置换患者术中术后输血的影响。结果: 年龄、性别、血压、体重指数和手术入路等单独一个因素对全髋置换术中术后输血的影响无显著性。当两个或更多的因素共同存在时, 患者术中术后输血显著性增加 (P=0. 037)。结论: 多个因素协同作用时, 全髋患者术中术后输血的可能性明显增加。     

Incidence and risk factors for blood transfusion in shoulder arthroplasty

Although there have been numerous reports concerning the incidence and risk factors for transfusion with knee and hip arthroplasty, there is no information available for shoulder arthroplasty. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of transfusion in a consecutive group of patients undergoing shoulder arthroplasty and examine risk factors for a transfusion. Between January 1, 1998, and December 31, 2002, the senior author performed 407 consecutive primary shoulder arthroplasties. Risk factors analyzed included preoperative hemoglobin level, age, sex, diagnosis, and hemiarthroplasty versus total shoulder arthroplasty. The indications for transfusion and associated complications were also reviewed. The overall transfusion rate was 8.1% (33/407). The incidence of transfusion was significantly greater among women (13.6% [29/213]) in comparison to men (2.1% [4/194]) (P = .0002). The risk for transfusion was significantly greater for patients undergoing shoulder arthroplasty for sequelae of trauma (15.8% [9/57]) (P = .0048) and rheumatoid arthritis (13.8% [8/58]) (P = .0153) compared with osteoarthritis (4.6% [10/218]). Preoperative hemoglobin level was found to be a significant risk factor for the need for transfusion (P < .0001). The rate of transfusion for hemiarthroplasty (8.3% [9/108]) and that for total shoulder arthroplasty (8.0% [24/299]) were not significantly different (P = .9203). The data from this study suggest that the rate of transfusion for shoulder arthroplasty varies markedly by sex and diagnosis. This information may be used to more accurately predict the need for transfusion and tailor preoperative blood ordering accordingly.     

Allogenic blood transfusion is an independent risk factor for infective complications after less invasive gastrointestinal surgery

BACKGROUND: The present study aimed to clarify the predisposing factors for postoperative infectious complications after less invasive surgery. METHODS: A total 150 surgical patients were placed in either group H (operative blood loss > or = 500 mL) or group L (<500 mL). The patients' background factors and postoperative inflammatory responses were assessed. RESULTS: The operating time was an independent risk factor for infectious complication in group H. In contrast, allogenic blood transfusion was the only significant risk factor for infection in group L. In the patients who received blood transfusion, exaggerated postoperative interleukin-6 response was found in group H, whereas an increased consumption of interleukin-6 soluble receptor with resultant induction of immunosuppressive acidic protein (IAP) were found in group L. CONCLUSIONS: Perioperative blood transfusion may predominantly contribute to increased susceptibility to infection after less invasive surgery through increased affinity of interleukin-6 soluble receptor and enhanced IAP response.     

Delayed haemolytic transfusion reaction and hyperhaemolysis complicating peri-operative blood transfusion in sickle cell disease

We present a case of delayed haemolytic transfusion reaction and hyperhaemolysis syndrome in a patient with sickle cell disease. A 32-year-old woman with a history of sickle cell disease was scheduled for total hip replacement. She was transfused pre-operatively and suffered a delayed haemolytic transfusion reaction. Postoperatively the patient continued to haemolyse, despite the use of antigen compatible blood, suggesting that she had developed hyperhaemolysis syndrome following her delayed haemolytic transfusion reaction. Although rare, both conditions must be borne in mind when dealing with patients who have undergone multiple transfusions.     

Identification of risk factors for allogenic transfusion in cardiac surgery from an observational study

OBJECTIVE: To determine perioperative variables for predicting allogenic transfusion in adult cardiac surgery. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective study. PATIENTS: We included 335 consecutive patients undergoing cardiac surgery between February and April 2001. METHODS: Perioperative variables were prospectively collected in a database. For each patient who received transfusion, hemoglobin threshold for transfusion and total number of units of red cell concentrates were collected. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed. RESULTS: The two strategies for blood conservation which were predominantly used were aprotinin therapy (78%) and blood salvage from the extracorporeal circuit (68%). During perioperative period, 42% of patients [95% CI: 37-47%] received allogenic transfusion. The haemoglobin threshold for transfusion was 7.4 +/- 1.1 and 8.0 +/- 0.7 g x dl(-1) in operating room and in intensive care unit, respectively. On average, 3.4 +/- 2.7 units of red cell concentrates were transfused perioperatively per patient. Using multivariate analysis, perioperative allogenic transfusion was significantly associated with the following variables: preoperative haemoglobin level < 12 g x dl(-1) (odds ratio 8.9; p = 0.001), emergency procedure (odds = 3.7, p = 0.01), reoperation (odds ratio = 3.3; p = 0.002), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (odds ratio = 2.5; p = 0.03) and complex surgery (odds ratio = 2.4; p = 0.01). The age, the gender, and body mass index were only independent risk factors by univariate analysis. CONCLUSION: In despite of techniques to limit requirement of allogenic transfusion, a large proportion of cardiac surgical patients remains transfused. Independent risk factors of perioperative transfusion are haemoglobin level < 12 g x dl(-1), emergency procedure, reoperation, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and complex surgery.     

A case of graft-versus-host disease following irradiated fresh blood transfusion

We reported a case of a fatal graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) which developed in a 65-year-old, male patient which was considered to have been induced by irradiated fresh blood donated by his son after a coronary bypass surgery. Fresh blood was obtained from his relatives, and a 15 Gy irradiation was performed before transfusion. The diagnosis of acute GVHD was made by clinical symptoms and histological examinations of the skin and the bone marrow. He died of sepsis on the 19th post-operative day. The HLA typing of the lymphocytes, revealed that the patient had A 2, A 24, Bw 52, Bw 62, Cw 4, DR 2, and his son had A 24, Bw 52, DR 2. A 24 and Bw 52 were homogeneous making his son histocompatible with one of the patient's haplotype. This might well be attributable to the occurrence of GVHD in this case, meaning that 15 Gy irradiation was not sufficient for the prevention of this disease.     

腰椎后路融合内固定术围手术期输注悬浮红细胞的危险因素分析

目的 探讨行腰椎后路融合内固定术病人围手术期输注悬浮红细胞的危险因素。方法 回顾性分析2016年1月至2018年6月在广州市番禺区中医院骨伤科施行腰椎后路融合手术的468例病人的临床资料,选取性别、年龄、身体质量指数（body mass index, BMI）、吸烟史、饮酒史、糖尿病、高血压、肺部疾病、心脏疾病、肾脏疾病、骨质疏松症、低蛋白血症、美国麻醉师协会（American Society of Anesthesiologists, ASA）评分、术前血红蛋白（hemoglobin, Hb）、抗凝药物使用史、手术时间、融合节段、椎管减压方式等可能影响围手术期输血的危险因素,先后应用单因素分析和多元Logistic回归分析围手术期输血的独立危险因素。结果 468例病人中有61例（13%）发生输注红细胞事件。单因素分析显示年龄、性别、BMI、术前Hb水平、术前合并心脏疾病、低蛋白血症、骨质疏松症、术前使用抗凝药、ASA评分、融合节段、手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量及术后并发症是输血事件发生的危险因素。多元Logistic回归分析结果提示,年龄≥66岁（OR=2.3,95%CI为1.2~4.7）、术前Hb≤125 g/L（OR=2.6,95%CI为1.3~5.1）、融合节段≥3个（OR=3.0,95%CI为1.4~6.3）、手术时间≥215 min（OR=4.0,95%CI为2.1~7.6）是增加围手术期输血事件发生的独立危险因素。结论 高龄、术前Hb偏低、多节段融合、手术时间过长的病人行腰椎后路融合内固定术围手术期输血风险较高,故在术前准备中应考虑上述预期输血的因素。     

关爱护士小组在应对突发重大疫情中的作用探讨

目的 探讨综合医院在应对突发重大疫情时关爱护士小组的作用,为护理管理提供参考.方法 充分发挥护理部关爱护士小组的关爱职责,给予一线护士准备期、支援期、支援结束隔离期各阶段特殊的关爱,观察一线护士问题反馈的数量变化.结果 在护理部倡导下,160名护士长参与了一线护士关爱行动,关爱小组平均每日关爱一线护士约600名.一线护...