D-氨基酸氧化酶和戊二酰-7-氨基头孢烷酸酰基转移酶基因在大肠杆菌中的克隆和共表达 Luo H等[Enzyme Microb Technol，2004，35（6-7）：514．518]

为了将头孢菌素C转化成-7-氨基头孢烷酸(7-ACA)，克隆了来源于变异三角酵母的D-氨基酸氧化酶(DAAO)基因和来源于假单孢菌的戊二酰-7-氨基头孢烷酸(GL-7-ACA)酰基转移酶基因，并在重组大肠杆菌中表达。对DAAO重组菌BL21(DE3)/pET-DAAO而言，通过分批补料培养可获得250U／ml的高DAAO活性。信号肽序列缺失的GL-7-ACA酰基转移酶基因也成功地在重组大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)／pET-ACY中得到表达，     

重组人白介素18的发酵、纯化及功能鉴定

目的:利用构建的重组菌株Pichia pastoris X-33/hlL-18,在3.7L发酵罐中表达重组人自介素18(hIL-18),探讨其大规模发酵及纯化工艺.方法:复苏工程菌X-33/hIL-18于BMGY培养基,在其A600鲫达到6左右时转入发酵罐进行高密度发酵.发酵液经过滤浓缩柱、疏水层析和阴离子交换层析分离纯化.结果:工程菌在3.7 L发酵罐采用甲醇诱导补料批式发酵,在pH 6.0,溶氧值(DO)20%～30%,温度28℃,甲醇诱导48 h重组hIL-18的表达产量为202 mg/L,发酵液经纯化后纯度可达97%以上,并初步证明重组hIL-18能协同IL-2诱导PBMCs分泌IFN-γ和协同IL-2增强NK细胞的杀伤活性.结论:利用Pichia pastoris分泌型表达系统和建立的分离纯化方法,能获得大量较高纯度的重组hIL-18,为进一步研究其活性和功能奠定基础.     

鲑鱼降钙素前体多肽在毕赤酵母中的分泌表达

将鲑鱼降钙素前体多肽（sCTGly）基因克隆到表达载体pPIC9K上,然后转化毕赤酵母营养缺陷型菌株GS115,利用酿酒酵母分泌信号肽α-factor将目的产物分泌到发酵上清液中.经组氨酸缺陷筛选、G418高拷贝筛选及摇瓶表达筛选,获得较高水平表达菌株GS115-sCTGly.酶联免疫反应检测上清液中酶的活性,表明sCTGly产量在10mg/L以上.通过5L发酵罐发酵条件优化,表达水平提高到200mg/L上.     

重组人白细胞介素-18工程菌的培养及高密度发酵

目的优化重组人白细胞介素-18的发酵工艺,以获得工程菌的高密度发酵和目的蛋白的高表达.方法在10L发酵罐中,研究重组人白细胞介素-18工程菌在不同的pH值、溶氧和诱导时间对工程菌生长和目的蛋白表达的影响.结果根据优化条件,连续三批重复发酵10L工程菌,最终菌体密度均达A600nm=28,菌体获得量均可达湿重50g?L-1以上.目的蛋白表达量均为40%以上.结论优化了重组人白细胞介素-18基因工程菌的发酵和表达条件,为规模化生产奠定了基础.     

重组人干扰素α2b大批量发酵条件的研究

目的 探索大批量发酵生产毕赤酵母菌所表达的重组人干扰素a2b的培养条件并确定诱导时间.方法 选用5L玻璃发酵罐作为人干扰素α2b发酵工艺研究系统,用30L不锈钢发酵罐做验证.探索了培养基中基础盐(Fermentation Basal Salts Medium FBS)的浓度对菌株生物量的积累和重组蛋白表达量的影响,并用确定了利用甲醇进行诱导的时间.结果 培养基中基础盐浓度在FBS原始浓度的60%左右时,菌株的细胞浓度及目的蛋白表达量均最好;诱导39h就可获得高表达.在优化工艺条件下,用30L罐放大,验证方法改进后对人干扰素α2b表达量的影响,此时总蛋白得量为600mg·L-1～800mg·L-1,与过去同样30L罐的表达量相比,增加了30%左右.     

基于深孔板培养高通量筛选rakicidin B1高产菌的研究

目的 获得rakicidin B1的高产突变菌株。方法 建立深孔板发酵rakicidin B1的方法,结合常压室温等离子体技术(ARTP)及核糖体工程对rakicidin B1的产生菌进行高通量诱变选育。结果 获得一株高产突变菌株R36-27,其摇瓶发酵产量达到490mg/L左右,较出发菌株提高了237.9%;经遗传稳定性考察验证了该菌株稳定性较好。结论 采用ARTP为诱变源,以庆大霉素抗性为选择压力,结合深孔板高通量筛选,可以快速有效地获得高产菌株。     

角质细胞生长因子-2的发酵及纯化工艺研究

目的研究重组人角质细胞生长因子 2 (rhKGF 2 )工程菌的高密度发酵和提纯工艺。方法通过增加培养基营养成分 ,发酵过程补加葡萄糖 ,获得高产率菌体。细菌裂解液经硫酸铵沉淀、分子筛、肝素亲和色谱和离子交换色谱等方法进行纯化 ,电泳分析结果。结果每 1L发酵液可获得菌体 12 .2g ,表达率达 2 8.7%。纯化后rhKGF 2纯度达 97%。结论rhKGF 2工程菌可获得高密度发酵。纯化工艺适用于rhKGF 2的大量制备     

巴斯德毕赤酵母表达人微小纤溶酶原的放大研究

目的:研究巴斯德毕赤酵母(Pichia pastoris)表达重组人微小纤溶酶原(rh-mPlg)的放大工艺。方法:分别采用1 L摇瓶、7.5 L发酵罐对Pichia pastoris工程菌rh-MPLG/GS115进行高密度培养、甲醇诱导表达。摇瓶培液经2步纯化:SP-Seph-arose FF、Superdex 75;发酵罐培液经3步纯化:超滤、Sephacryl S-100、Q-Sepharose FF,活性组分透析后冷冻干燥。以组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(t-PA)激活rh-mPlg,纤维蛋白平板测定其纤维蛋白溶解活性,计算并比较2种制备方法所获rh-mPlg比活性及得率。结果:采用1 L摇瓶和7.5 L发酵罐发酵可分别获得34 mg.L-1培液、210 mg.L-1培液的得率,经纯化后rh-mPlg纯度分别为95%和97%,比活性分别为20.6和23.0 U.mg-1。结论:以发酵罐生产rh-mPlg,可显著提高其产量,且比活性与摇瓶表达相近,验证了放大生产的可行性。     

人骨唾液酸蛋白酵母工程细胞的构建与表达

目的构建表达重组人骨唾液酸蛋白 (rhBSP)的巴斯德毕赤酵母工程细胞 ,实现rhBSP的酵母胞外分泌性高表达。方法通过PCR扩增获得人BSP基因后 ,构建重组表达载体pPICZaA hbsp ,经电转化导入到毕赤酵母GS115菌中 ,获得GS115 pPICZaA hbsp工程菌 ,通过Zeocin高抗性筛选和摇瓶发酵筛选出高表达rhBSP的菌株 ,并进行高密度发酵提高表达量。结果rhBSP分子量接近 6 6 0 0 0 ,产物可达上清液总蛋白的 80 % ,浓度约 0 .2 4 8g L。结论基因工程菌GS115 pPICZaA hbsp能高效地表达rhBSP并分泌到胞外     

生物技术文摘

B35-24 d-氨基酸氧化酶和戊二酰-7-ACA酰化酶融合蛋白的构建和用于头孢菌素C直接生物转化为7-ACA Luo H 等 [Biote-chnol Lett,2004, 26(11): 939]设计了由d-氨基酸氧化酶(DAAO)和戊二酰-7-ACA酰化酶(GLA)组成的两种融合蛋白,使头孢菌素C转化为7-ACA的生物转化过程简化。构建了两个重组质粒pET-DLA和pET-ALD,并分别表达了DAAO-连接物-GLA(DLA)和GLA-连接物-DAAO(ALD)两种融合蛋白。当这两个重组质粒在E.coli中表达时,DLA融合蛋白没有正确折叠,只检测到DAAO的活性。但ALD具有DAAO和GLA两种活性,可直接催化…     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.     

Alzheimer’s disease – current trends in basic and clinical research. Highlights from the 16th ECNP

Advances in the molecular biological knowledge of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have led to a growing interest by the pharmaceutical industry in the development of novel compounds that selectively modulate nAChR function. The ability of (-)-nicotine, an activator of nAChRs, to enhance attentional aspects of cognition in animals and humans, to exert neuroprotective and anxiolytic-like effects, and presumably to mediate the negative correlation between smoking and Alzheimer's (and Parkinson's) Disease, has focused interest on the potential therapeutic utility of modulators of nAChR function for treatment of some of the deficits associated with these progressive, neurodegenerative conditions. Numerous compounds are known which activate nAChRs and which might serve as lead compounds toward the development of such agents. The pharmacologic diversity of neuronal nAChR subtypes suggests the possibility of developing selective compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents. This broader class of agents, collectively called cholinergic channel modulators (ChCMs), is anticipated to encompass compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents, which generally exhibit low selectivity. This selectivity may be achieved by preferentially activating some subtypes of nAChRs (i.e., Cholinergic Channel Activators, ChCAs) or inhibiting the function of other subtypes (Cholinergic Channel Inhibitors, ChCIs). An overview of the biology of nAChRs and the rationale for the use of ChCMs for the treatment of dementia related to neurodegenerative diseases are presented, followed by a discussion of lead compounds and compounds under consideration for clinical evaluation.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.