外周血血小板检测在妊娠高血压综合征病情判断中的应用

目的 探讨妊娠高血压综合征(简称妊高征)患者外周血血小板计数(PLT)及相关参数水平的变化及临床意义.方法 检测33例轻度妊高征患者(轻度组),29例中、重度妊高征患者(中重度组)及32例健康妊娠妇女(对照组)分娩前、后外周血PLT及血小板相关参数,并比较分析检测结果.结果 中重度组分娩前PLT低于轻度组和对照组(P<0.05),平均血小板体积(MPV)及血小板分布宽度(PDW)高于轻度组和对照组(P<0.05),血小板比容(PCT)比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);轻度组分娩前PLT及其他参数与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);各研究组分娩后各指标差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);中重度组分娩前、后PLT及血小板参数(PCT除外)差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 外周血PLT及血小板参数可作为判断妊高征病情及转归的辅助检测指标,对妊高征诊疗有一定的临床应用价值.     

血小板参数在血小板减少性疾病中的应用

目的 探讨血常规检测中血小板计数(PLT)及相关参数[血小板平均体积(MPV)、血小板分布宽度(PDW)、大血小板比率(P-LCR)、血小板压积(PCT)]对血小板减少性疾病的诊断价值及疗效观察,为临床诊治提供指导意义.方法 选取四类血小板减少患者115例,其中特发性血小板减少性紫癜(ITP) 71例,再生障碍性贫血(AA)29例,骨髓增生异常综合征(MDS)15例,采用Sysmex XE-5000全自动血细胞分析仪检测PLT、MPV、PDW、P-LCR、PCT,并与健康者及治疗前后对比.结果 初诊时ITP组PLT、PCT明显低于健康对照组(P<0.01),MPV、PDW、P-LCR明显高于健康对照组(P<0.01);AA组PLT、PCT、MPV、P-LCR明显低于健康对照组(P<0.01),PDW差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);MDS组PLT、PCT明显低于健康对照组(P<0.01),PDW明显高于健康对照组(P<0.01),MPV、P-LCR差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).ITP初诊时与治疗后缓解组比较,PLT、PCT明显升高(P<0.01),MPV、PDW、P-LCR明显降低(P<0.01).结论 血小板参数的检测对于血小板减少性疾病的疗效观察与预后判断具有重要的临床意义.     

妊娠高血压综合征患者外周血CD62P、CD63检测的临床意义

目的探讨妊娠高血压综合征(妊高征)患者、正常妊娠早期、中期、晚期妇女血小板活化状态、血小板指标、凝血功能指标的变化,探讨其对妊高征患者血栓前状态的临床预测及诊治价值。方法随机选取22例妊高征患者(妊高征组)、71例正常妊娠妇女(妊娠早期组24例、妊娠中期组23例、妊娠晚期组24例)和22例正常体检妇女(健康对照组)作为研究对象,运用流式细胞仪、血细胞分析仪、血凝仪观察各组血小板上CD62P、CD63的表达及血小板(PLT)、血小板压积(PCT)、血小板体积(MPV)、血小板宽度(PDW)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、凝血酶时间(TT)、纤维蛋白原(Fbg)等含量。结果妊高征组CD62P含量明显上调,与妊娠早期组、妊娠中期组和妊娠晚期组比较,差异具有统计学意义(分别P0.01、P0.01、P0.05);妊高征组CD63表达量也高于妊娠早期组、妊娠中期组及妊娠晚期组,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。妊娠晚期组CD62P表达量明显高于妊娠早期组及妊娠中期组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.01)。妊娠晚期组的PLT含量显著高于妊娠早期和妊娠中期组的孕妇(分别P0.01、P0.05)。妊高征组PLT含量减少,与妊娠早期组、妊娠中期组及妊娠晚期组相比差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。PLT与CD62P呈负相关(r=-0.256,P0.05);PLT与CD63呈负相关(r=-0.336,P0.01)。CD62P与CD63呈正相关(r=0.303,P0.01)。CD62P、CD63、PLT、MPV、PCT、PDW、PT、Fbg指标在妊娠晚期组、妊高征组和健康对照组之间差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。妊娠晚期组MPV、PDW、PT、Fbg与健康对照组相比明显上调,差异具有统计学意义(P0.01);TT与健康对照组相比明显下调,差异具有统计学意义(P0.01)。妊高征组CD62P、CD63、PDW、Fbg与健康对照组相比明显上调,差异具有统计学意义(P0.01);PLT、PCT与健康对照组相比明显下调,差异具有统计学意义(P0.01)。妊高征组CD62P与妊娠晚期组相比明显上调,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);MPV、PCT、PT、Fbg指标与妊娠晚期组相比明显下调,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。联合检测CD62P和CD63诊断妊高征敏感性为77.3%,特异性为67.6%,假阳性率为32.4%,假阴性率为22.7%,阳性预测值为42.5%,阴性预测值为90.6%。结论流式细胞术检测CD62P、CD63比血小板和凝血功能指标更能反映血栓形成倾向,对妊高征的防治具有重要价值。     

血小板参数与类风湿关节炎病情活动指标相关性分析

目的 观察类风湿关节炎(RA)患者血小板参数(血小板计数PLT、血小板压积PCT、血小板平均体积MPV、血小板分布宽度PDW)的变化及其与病情活动指标的相关性.方法 比较RA 活动组36例、缓解组15例和正常对照组20例的血小板参数变化,分析36 例活动期RA 患者血小板参数与病情活动指标(ESR、CRP)的相关性.结果 活动期RA患者的PLT和PCT明显高于临床缓解期(P< 0.05)及正常对照组(P<0.01),MPV明显小于临床缓解期及正常对照组(P<0.05),而临床缓解期患者的PLT和PCT与正常对照组比较差异无统计学意义,各组PDW差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 PLT、PCT、MPV与RA 病情变化有关,可作为判断RA 疾病活动的临床指标.     

脑梗塞患者血小板参数的变化及意义

目的探讨血小板5项参数对脑梗塞患者的临床意义.方法分别测定108例脑梗塞住院患者和40例中老年体检者的血小板数(PLT)、平均血小板体积(MPV)、血小板体积分布宽度(PDW)、血小板比积(PCT)和血小板最大聚集率(MAR),对血小板5项参数进行比较并作相关分析,同时对脑梗塞组中40例患者治疗前后的5项参数进行配对比较.结果脑梗塞组PLT减少、MPV和MAR增高较对照组有显著差异(P<0.01,0.05).PDW、 PCT两组间无显著差异.对照组PLT与MPV为中度负相关(r =-0.55,P<0.01),脑梗塞组二者为低度负相关(r =-0.37,P<0.05).脑梗塞组治疗后MPV减小,有显著差异(P<0.05);PLT、PDW、PCT和MAR无显著差异.结论 MPV增大是脑梗塞的独立危险指标,观察PLT、 MPV和 MAR的变化对脑梗塞的诊断和预防有指导意义.     

产后出血、重度妊娠高血压综合征患者血小板参数测定

目的:探讨产后出血、重度妊娠高血压综合征(简称重度妊高征)与正常妊娠妇女的血小板参数变化及意义。方法:用全自动血液分析仪检测产后出血患者86例(观察组1)、重度妊高征患者75例(观察组2)和正常妊娠妇女110例(对照组)的血小板参数(PLT、MPV、PDW、P-LCF)值,并比较各组之间的差异。结果:产后出血组血小板参数值与对照组比较差异无显著性,P>0.05;重度妊高征组与对照组相比,PLT值比较差异无显著性,P>0.05;而MPV、PDW、P-LCF值比较差异有显著性,P<0.05。结论:产后出血原因多见于子宫收缩乏力及产道裂伤等,单纯血小板凝血功能变化无预测性意义,血小板参数变化对重度妊高征病情监测及治疗有重要意义。     

凝血指标及血小板参数与孕晚期子痫前期进展的相关性研究

目的 分析凝血指标及血小板参数水平与孕晚期子痫前期(PE)发生及疾病进展的关系.方法 回顾性分析2018年4月至2020年4月于该院接受治疗的100例孕晚期PE孕妇临床资料,按病情程度不同分为轻度组40例、重度组60例.另选取同期在该院接受产检的50例健康孕晚期孕妇作为对照组.检测孕妇凝血指标[凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)]及血小板参数[血小板计数(PLT)、血小板平均体积(MPV)、血小板分布宽度(PDW)、血小板压积(PCT)]水平,并分析各指标与孕晚期PE疾病进展的关系.结果 对照组APTT、PLT水平高于轻度组和重度组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);轻度组APTT、PLT水平高于重度组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);对照组FIB、MPV、PDW、PCT水平低于轻度组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),轻度组FIB、MPV、PDW、PCT水平低于重度组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);经回归分析检验结果显示,MPV、PDW、PCT是孕晚期重度PE发生的影响因素(OR>1,P<0.05);绘制ROC曲线发现,APTT、PLT、MPV、PDW、PCT水平预测孕晚期PE病情严重程度的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.905、0.929、0.931、0.760、0.730,均有一定预测价值.结论 凝血指标及血小板参数水平与PE病情有一定相关性,对临床评估PE患者疾病进展与指导治疗有重要意义.     

血小板参数在急性白血病疗效观察中的应用

目的探讨血小板(PLT)、血小板平均体积(MPV)和血小板分布宽度(PDW)在急性白血病(AL)诊断、疗效观察及预后判断中的临床意义。方法采用K-4500型全自动血细胞分析仪对242例急性白血病患者静脉血进行PLT、MPV、PDW的检测,并以100例健康人PLT、MPV和PDW的结果作正常对照。结果急性白血病各组PLT比健康对照组显著性降低(P<0.01);急性粒细胞性白血病MPV、PDW比健康对照组增高(P<0.01);而急性淋巴细胞性白血病、急性单核细胞性白血病MPV、PDW与健康对照组相比降低(P<0.05)。各白血病组经治疗后,完全缓解组PLT与治疗前相比显著增高(P<0.01),MPV、PDW与健康对照组相比明显增高(P<0.01);未缓解组与治疗前相比,PLT显著降低(P<0.05),MPV、PDW无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论定期观察急性白血病患者血小板参数在治疗过程中的变化,对AL预后的判断、疗效的观察以及预防出血发生等有一定的价值。     

血小板四项参数检测在肝硬化诊疗中的临床意义

目的 观察血小板四项参数的变化与肝硬化的关系并探讨其临床意义.方法 选择肝硬化患者118例和正常对照者60例,采用血细胞分析仪检测血小板计数(PLT)、血小板平均容积(MPV)、血小板比积(PCT)、血小板分布宽度(PDW).结果 较健康对照组肝硬化患者PLT、PCT显著降低(P＜0.01),MPV、PDW显著升高(P＜0.01).肝硬化出血组较非出血组PLT、PCT降低而MPV 、PDW升高(P＜0.05).结论 血小板参数可以间接反映血小板的功能变化,对评估肝硬化患者肝功能损害程度,判断有无出血倾向具有重要的指导意义.     

52例妊高征孕妇血小板四项参数检测分析

妊高征是孕妇并发疾病之一,尤其是重症妊高征孕妇其血小板变化明显,有严重出血倾向.血小板四项参数是预测和早期防止妊高征简单、易行的检验指标.本文对我院52例妊高征妇女血小板(PLT)、血小板压积(PCT)、血小板平均体积(MPV)、血小板平均分布宽度(PDW)四项参数进行监测,现将结果报告如下.     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.