c-myc反义寡核苷酸对缺氧内皮细胞条件培养液刺激的肺血管平滑肌细胞增殖的影响

目的探讨ｃ－ｍｙｃ反义寡核苷酸（ＯＤＮｓ）对缺氧内皮细胞条件培养液（ＨＥＣＣＭ）刺激的肺血管平滑肌细胞（ＳＭＣ）增殖的影响。方法制备ＨＥＣＣＭ，用其刺激肺动脉ＳＭＣ后，Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎ杂交分析ｃ－ｍｙｃ基因表达，３Ｈ－胸腺嘧啶核苷（３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ）掺入试验及细胞生长计数分析ＳＭＣ增殖情况。结果ＨＥＣＣＭ显著刺激ＳＭＣ增殖及ｃ－ｍｙｃ基因表达增强，反义ＯＤＮｓ显著下调ＨＥＣＣＭ刺激的ｃ－ｍｙｃ表达，显著抑制ＨＥＣＣＭ刺激的ＳＭＣ增殖。同义ＯＤＮｓ无上述作用。结论ＨＥＣＣＭ可能通过刺激ＳＭＣ之ｃ－ｍｙｃ表达而使ＳＭＣ增殖，反义ＯＤＮｓ通过下调ｃ－ｍｙｃｍＲＮＡ表达而抑制ＨＥＣ－ＣＭ刺激的ＳＭＣ增殖。     

大黄素对SV－40转基因小鼠系膜细胞生长和c－mycmRNA表达的影响

利用从ＳＶ－４０病毒转基因小鼠肾脏分离得到的系膜细胞株（ＳＶ－４０ＭＣ），观察了大黄素对ＳＶ－４０和ＭＣ生长、增殖细胞核抗原（ＰＣＮＡ）及原癌基因ｃ－ｍｙｃｍＲＮＡ表达的影响，大黄素可明显抑制ＳＶ－４０ＭＣ３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ掺入且与剂量呈正相关。经大黄素（５μｇ／ｍｌ）作用的ＳＶ－４０ＭＣ，ＰＣＮＡ阴性细胞数明显高于对照（２８％ｖｓ。５．５％、ｐ＜０．００１）大黄素同样抑制ＳＶ－４０ＭＣ，ｃ－ｍｙｃｍＲＮＡ表达，且不受蛋白合成抑制剂放线菌酮的影响。结果表明：大黄素对异常增殖状态的系膜细胞生长也有明确抑制作用，细胞分裂周期受抑制、此过程与细胞周期基因ｃ－ｍｙｃ表达受抑有关。     

单纯疱疹病毒Ⅱ型感染极早期对离体人动脉平滑肌细胞原癌基因c-sis及c-myc表达的影响

目的：观察单纯疱疹病毒Ⅱ型（ＨＳＶ－２）感染极早期对离体人动脉平滑肌细胞（ｈＡＳＭＣ）原癌基因ｃ－ｓｉｓ及ｃ－ｍｙｃ表达的影响。方法：采用不同感染剂量的ＨＳＶ－２吸附单层ｈＡＳＭＣ１小时作为病毒感染细胞模型,应用Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎ杂交方法观察上述原癌基因表达。结果：病毒吸附细胞后０分钟、３０分钟、６０分钟,病毒感染组［５感染复数（ＭＯＩ）和１０ＭＯＩ;ＭＯＩ＝空斑形成单位／细胞数（ＰＦＵ／细胞数）］均比对照组的原癌基因ｃ－ｓｉｓ、ｃ－ｍｙｃ表达增加,且基因表达与感染时间也有关。结论：ＨＳＶ－２感染可以诱导ｈＡＳＭＣ原癌基因ｃ－ｓｉｓ、ｃ－ｍｙｃ表达增加,该作用可能是病毒促进ｈＡＳＭＣ异常增殖进而参与动脉粥样硬化或血管成形术后再狭窄形成的分子机制之一。     

C－sis、C－myc癌基因反义寡脱氧核苷酸抑制动脉平滑肌细胞增殖

用合成Ｃ－ｓｉｓ、Ｃ－ｍｙｃ癌基因反义寡脱氧核苷酸（ＡＯＤＮ）与兔动脉平滑肌细胞（ＡＳＭＣｓ）共同培养，旨在通过ＡＯＤＮ对癌基因的封闭，动态观察ＡＯＤＮ对ＡＳＭＣｓ增殖的影响，探讨ＡＯＤＮ对动脉粥样硬化（ＡＳ）尤其是冠脉成形术后再狭窄（ＲＡＣＡ）的防治作用。结果表明：①Ｃ－ｓｉｓＡＯＤＮ、Ｃ－ｍｙｃＡＯＤＮ具有明显抑制ＡＳＭＣｓ增殖作用，其抑制作用随浓度增加而加强；②Ｃ－ｓｉｓＡＯＤＮ＋Ｃ－ｍｙｃＡＯＤＮ具有协同抑制ＡＳＭＣｓ增殖作用；③Ｃ－ｓｉｓＡＯＤＮ、Ｃ－ｍｙｃＡＯＤＮ明显抑制ＤＮＡ合成，二者联合应用，具有加强抑制ＤＮＡ合成作用。研究结果提示：Ｃ－ｓｉｓ、Ｃ－ｍｙｃ癌基因ＡＯＤＮ抑制ＡＳＭＣｓ增殖，尤其是二者联合应用，有可能为ＡＳ，特别是ＲＡＣＡ防治提供一个新的途径。     

莲心碱对自发性高血压大鼠血管平滑肌细胞增殖及对PDGF—B,bFGF,c …

用［＾３Ｈ］胸腺嘧啶核苷（［＾３Ｈ］ＴｄＲ）掺入法、电镜、免疫组化和原位杂交方法，在自发性高血压大鼠（ＳＨＲ）观察了莲心碱（Ｌｉｌｅｎ）对血管平滑肌细胞（ＶＳＭＣ）增殖的作用及对生长因子ＰＤＧＦ－Ｂ、ｂＦＧＦ及其相关癌基因ｃ－ｓｉｓ和ｃ－ｍｙｃ表达的影响。结果发现Ｌｉｅｎ在降低ＳＨＲ血压同时，能减少ＶＳＭＣ的线粒体，粗面内质网和［＾３Ｈ］ＴｄＲ掺入量，并能逆转ＶＳＭＣ增殖对ＰＤＧＦ０Ｂ、ｂＦＧＦ抗     

苯乙酸诱导分化胶质瘤细胞过程中基因表达变化

观察诱导分化剂苯乙酸对胶质细胞Ｃ６的增殖分化过程中基基因Ｃ－ｍｙｃ,抑癌基因Ｐ１６的蛋白水平变化。方法＾３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ掺入法测细胞增殖率;免疫组织化ＳＰ法检测Ｃ－ｍｙｃ、Ｐ１６基因蛋白水平的表达。结果应用苯乙酸后,细胞ＣＰＭ值降低;Ｃ－ｍｙｃ基因胞浆阳性表达下降,Ｐ１６基因胞浆阳性表达升高。     

反义c—myc寡核苷酸对AVP诱导鼠血管平滑肌细胞增殖的抑制作用

目的：探讨ＡＶＰ对鼠血管平滑肌细胞（ＶＳＭＣ）增殖的影响和反义ｃ－ｍｙｃ寡核苷酸对ＡＶＰ作用的干预效应。方法：以培养ＳＤ大鼠ＶＳＭＣ为模型,采用培养细胞计数,蛋白质定量和细胞周期分析方法及ｍＲＮＡ打点杂交技术,动蛋白质定量和细胞周期分析方法及ｍＲＮＡ打点杂交技术,动态观察ＡＶＰ对ＶＳＭＣ增殖的影响和反义ｃ－ｍｙｃ寡核苷酸的干预效果。结果：（１）ＡＶＰ促ＶＳＭＣ数目增加,在４８ｈ时与对照组比较,有统     

DDPH对实验性腹主动脉狭窄高血压大鼠血管平滑肌细胞增殖及癌基因表达的影响

观察１－（２，６－二甲基苯氧基）－２－（３，４－二甲氧基苯乙胺基）丙烷盐酸盐（ＤＤＰＨ）对实验性腹主动脉狭窄高血压大鼠血管平滑肌细胞（ＶＳＭＣ）增殖的作用及对原癌基因及抑癌基因的影响。方法氚－胸腺嘧啶核苷（３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ）掺入，电镜，原位杂交及Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎｂｌｏｔ杂交。结果ＤＤＰＨ在降低血压同时，能减少血管平滑肌细胞（ＶＳＭＣ）的线粒体，粗面内质网及３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ掺入量（Ｐ＜０．０１），并能逆转ｃ－ｆｏｓ，ｃ－ｍｙｃ，ｃ－ｓｉｓ原癌基因ｍＲＮＡ表达增强（Ｐ＜０．０５～０．０１），Ｐ５３抑癌基因ｍＲＮＡ表达减弱（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论ＤＤＰＨ能抑制实验性高血压大鼠的ＶＳＭＣ增殖，与癌基因调控的分子生物学机制有关。     

肝星状细胞与肝纤维化的研究进展

一、ＨＳＣ的增殖活化及凋亡 当肝脏受到物理、化学及生物因素的刺激时,ＨＳＣ增殖并激活,转变为“肌成纤维细胞（ｍｙｏｆｉｂｒｏｂｌａｓｔ, ＭＦＢ）”,表达ａ－平滑肌动蛋白（ａ－ｓｍｏｏｔｈ ｍｕｓｃｌｅａｃｔｉｎ, ａ—ＳＭＡ）、合成ＥＣＭ等。Ｇｒｅｓｓ一ｆｉｅｒ等［１］根据已有的研究结果,提出了ＨＳＣ激活的“三步级联反应”模式。（１）炎症前期阶段,肝细胞受损后释放丝裂原,旁分泌作用于ＨＳＣ从而引起ＨＳＣ增殖,且肝细胞丧失接触抑制。（２）炎症阶段,活化的ｋｕｐｆｆｅｒ细胞、巨噬细胞及血小板释放细胞因…     

巨噬细胞集落刺激因子与血管平滑肌细胞增殖

目的一些以血管平滑肌细胞（ＶＳＭＣ）增殖为特点的血管疾病，在病变部位常有巨噬细胞浸润。本研究巨噬细胞集落刺激因子（ＭＣＳＦ）在ＶＳＭＣ生长调节中的作用。方法实验采用培养大鼠主动脉ＶＳＭＣ，细胞增殖观察指标采用氚标胸腺嘧啶核苷掺入法，并用Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎｂｌｏｔ技术测定原癌基因表达。结果（１）Ｌ９２９细胞上清液（富含ＭＣＳＦ）及重组ＭＣＳＦ以剂量依赖关系刺激氚标胸腺嘧啶核苷掺入；（２）ＶＳＭＣ在接受刺激后表达某些原癌基因，如ｃｆｏｓ、ｃｍｙｃ、ｅｒｇ１和ＪｕｎＢ；（３）凝血酶、ＰＤＧＦ、ｂＦＧＦ与ＭＣＳＦ在促增殖作用上具有协同作用。结论ＭＣＳＦ与其它生长因子协同作用，通过自分泌／旁分泌机制调控ＶＳＭＣ增殖，从而可能在血管病变的形成和进展中起重要作用     

Inhibitory effects of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides targeting c-myc mRNA on smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration.

Smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation and migration play pivotal roles in restenosis following angioplasty. c-myc is an immediate early response gene induced by various mitogens, and several lines of evidence derived from experiments using transformed or hematopoietic cell lines, or transgenic mice, suggest its protein product plays a role in numerous signaling transduction pathways, including those modulating cell division. We therefore reasoned that a strategy employing oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) complementary to c-myc mRNA (antisense ODNs) might be potent inhibitors of SMC proliferation and, perhaps, of SMC migration. To evaluate this concept, we tested several antisense ODNs targeted to c-myc mRNA (15- or 18-mer ODNs complementary to different c-myc mRNA sequences) by introducing them individually into the medium of cultured rat aortic SMCs. Phosphoroamidate-modified ODNs were employed to retard degradation. Antisense ODNs inhibited, in a concentration-dependent manner, SMC proliferation and SMC migration. Maximal inhibitory effect was 50% for proliferation and > 90% for migration. These effects were associated with decreased SMC expression of c-myc-encoded protein by Western immunoblotting and immunocytochemical staining. ODNs with the same nucleotides but a scrambled sequence caused no effect. These results indicate that the c-myc gene product is involved in the signal transduction pathways mediating SMC proliferation and migration in the in vitro model we employed. The results also suggest a potential role of antisense strategies designed to inhibit c-myc expression for the prevention of coronary restenosis.     

反义c-myc RNA对大鼠血管平滑肌细胞增殖的抑制作用

构建一个含1．53kb反义c－myc片段的逆转录病毒载体PAS-c-myc，将其通过Lipofectin导入PA317细胞并经G418筛选获得分泌病毒上清液的阳性克隆。病毒上清波感染血管平滑肌细胞（SMC）经G418筛选获得抗性克区。DNA印迹杂交证实了反义c-myc片段整合于SMC基因组中。RNA印迹杂交证实了反义c－mycRNA在SMC中得到了表达，且显著降低了SMC中c－mycmRNA的水平。蛋白印迹杂交证实了反义c－mycRNA抑制了c－myc蛋白的翻译。提示：c－myc基因表达在SMC增殖中起重要作用。     

Antiproliferative effects of a c-myc antisense oligonucleotide on human arterial smooth muscle cells

Summary The effects of a c-myc antisense phosphorothioate DNA oligonucleotide were assessed on the proliferation rate of human arterial smooth muscle cells (HSMCs). Compared to a control oligonucleotide the antisense oligonucleotide suppressed the proliferation of HSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner without a major cytotoxic effect. Outgrowth of HSMCs from media explants was significantly inhibited as well. Induction of c-myc expression by serum stimulation of cells was blunted by the antisense oligonucleotide, as shown by immunoblotting.These results demonstrate that c-myc expression is an essential factor for proliferation of HSMCs after growth stimulation, and they show the potential of antisense technology for modulating gene expression of HSMCs in vitro.Supported by a grant fromt the SFB 330Results of the study have been presented at the XIIIth Congress of the European Society of Cardiology (1991) and the 64th Scientific Session of the American Heart Association (1991)     

Antisense oligodeoxynucleotide combination therapy of primary chronic myelogenous leukemia blast crisis in SCID mice

The proliferation of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) cells and the transformation of normal hematopoietic cells by BCR-ABL appear to require the expression of a functional MYC protein, suggesting an approach to treatment of Philadelphia leukemias based on simultaneous targeting of BCR-ABL and c-MYC. To test this hypothesis, CML-blast crisis (CML-BC) primary cells were treated in vitro with bcr-abl and c- myc antisense phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides ([S]ODNs), individually or in combination. Compared with antisense ODNs targeting of individual oncogenes, downregulation of both BCR-ABL and c-MYC by specific antisense [S]ODNs resulted in a synergistic antiproliferative effect. Colony formation of normal bone marrow cells was not affected by either treatment. To assess the therapeutic potential of multiple oncogene downregulation, SCID mice injected with CML-BC primary cells were treated systematically with equal doses of bcr-abl or c-myc antisense [S]ODNs or with a combination of both antisense [S]ODNs. Compared with mice treated with individual compounds, the disease process was significantly retarded in the group treated with both [S]ODNs as revealed by flow cytometry, clonogenic assay, and RT-PCR analysis to detect leukemic cells in mouse tissue cell suspensions. These effects correlated with a markedly increased survival of leukemic mice treated with both antisense [S]ODNs. Leukemic cells harvested from antisense [S]ODN-treated mice were sensitive to the effects of antisense [S]ODNs in vitro, suggesting that the treatment can be successfully repeated. These data demonstrate the therapeutic potential of targeting multiple cooperating oncogenes.     

Inhibition of smooth muscle cell proliferation by an antisense oligodeoxynucleotide targeting the messenger RNA encoding proliferating cell nuclear antigen.

BACKGROUND. The process by which normally quiescent vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) change into proliferating cells, which express and respond to multiple growth factors, plays a major role in restenosis after coronary angioplasty. We are attempting to inhibit SMC proliferation by interventions that inhibit specific factors involved in signal transduction pathways leading to cell division. To date, all studies taking this approach have attempted to block the effects of mitogens acting on the cell surface. In contrast, we have focused on a strategy that bypasses cell surface-mediated events by directly inhibiting the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), an intranuclear protein that functions in a final common pathway shared by diverse mitogen-induced signals. In the present investigation, we determined whether antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) complementary to the messenger RNA of PCNA will inhibit PCNA expression and thereby reduce SMC proliferation. METHODS AND RESULTS. When antisense ODNs (15- or 18-mer), modified to inhibit their degradation, are introduced into the medium of rat aortic SMCs in concentrations ranging from 10 to 100 microM, the 18-mer ODN, in a concentration-related manner, decreases SMC growth (as assessed by cell counting) by more than 50%. This effect persists for at least 9 days. An ODN with the same nucleotides but a scrambled sequence has little effect. Western blots and immunocytochemistry indicate that the antisense ODN reduces expression of PCNA protein. CONCLUSIONS. Our results demonstrate that an antisense ODN directed at the messenger RNA of PCNA decreases expression of the PCNA gene product and reduces SMC proliferation. In addition, these results provide an important impetus to initiating in vivo studies to determine the feasibility of antisense strategies in the prevention of coronary restenosis.     

反义c—myc寡聚核苷酸对动脉平滑肌细胞的生长抑制及其Myc蛋白合成的抑制

本文合成了反义和正义c—myc 5′—端编码区的前6个密码子。分别导入培养的WKY太鼠主动脉平滑肌细胞(SMCs),同时用内皮素(ET)诱导SMCs增殖,反义c—myc寡核苷酸(ODNs)抗细胞增殖作用随浓度(6μmol/L至12μmol/L)增加而增加。用12μmol/L反义ODNs抗细胞增殖能力随时间廷长而下降。免疫组化显示受抑制细胞Myc水平较同期对照组或正义ODNs组低。本研究为反义ODNs抑制外源性生长因子或细胞因子诱导靶基因的高表达和细胞增殖提供了新的线索,同时为探讨癌基因表达调控与动脉SMCs增殖的关系提供了一种新方法。     

反义c—myc寡聚核苷酸对动脉平滑肌细胞的生长抑制及其Myc蛋白合成的抑制

本文合成了反义和正义c—myc 5′—端编码区的前6个密码子。分别导入培养的WKY太鼠主动脉平滑肌细胞(SMCs),同时用内皮素(ET)诱导SMCs增殖,反义c—myc寡核苷酸(ODNs)抗细胞增殖作用随浓度(6μmol/L至12μmol/L)增加而增加。用12μmol/L反义ODNs抗细胞增殖能力随时间廷长而下降。免疫组化显示受抑制细胞Myc水平较同期对照组或正义ODNs组低。本研究为反义ODNs抑制外源性生长因子或细胞因子诱导靶基因的高表达和细胞增殖提供了新的线索,同时为探讨癌基因表达调控与动脉SMCs增殖的关系提供了一种新方法。     

反义c-myc寡核苷酸对骨肉瘤细胞MG-63增殖的影响及机制

目的探讨反义c-myc寡核苷酸对人骨肉瘤MG-63细胞增殖的影响及机制。方法采用反义核酸技术设计反义c-myc寡核苷酸片段,转染入人骨肉瘤MG-63细胞,MTT法及流式细胞仪法检测瘤细胞体外增殖、细胞周期及c-myc基因蛋白表达情况。结果MTT法示人骨肉瘤MG-63细胞的增殖受抑,10．0μmol／L、作用48h效果最明显;流式细胞仪示反义c—myc寡核苷酸主要阻止人骨肉瘤MG-63细胞进入S期,c-myc基因蛋白表达受抑。结论反义c-myc寡核苷酸可抑制人骨肉瘤MG-63细胞的增殖;其机制为在基因水平干扰c-myc基因蛋白的表达。推测用反义策略抑制癌基因表达,或用基因敲除、基因替换的方法去除癌基因,可达到基因治疗的目的。     

In vitro differences between venous and arterial-derived smooth muscle cells: potential modulatory role of decorin

OBJECTIVE: We analyzed the phenotypic and functional differences between venous and arterial smooth muscle cells (SMC) and the role of decorin in modulating these differences. METHODS AND RESULTS: SMC were isolated from the jugular veins and carotid arteries of male white New Zealand rabbits. Venous SMC demonstrated increased proliferation (2-fold, p<0.001), migration (1.7-fold, p<0.001), and collagen synthesis (4-fold, p<0.001), with decreased adhesion to collagen and fibronectin (1.2-fold, p<0.01) compared to arterial SMC. Higher levels of gelatinase activity (MMP-2 and MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP) were also observed in venous SMC. Venous SMC demonstrated increased expression of SMemb and decreased expression of SM1--markers of a dedifferentiated and differentiated phenotype, respectively. Arterial SMC produced increased levels of the inhibitory proteoglycan, decorin, compared to venous SMC. Conditioned medium from arterial SMC (ASMC-CM) significantly decreased DNA synthesis, collagen synthesis, and gelatinase activity in venous SMC. Removal of decorin from ASMC-CM by immunoprecipitation significantly reversed the inhibitory effects of ASMC-CM on venous SMC proliferation and collagen synthesis but did not affect gelatinase activities. CONCLUSION: Venous SMC are more dedifferentiated and demonstrate increased proliferative and synthetic capacity than arterial SMC. Differential decorin expression between arterial and venous SMC contributes to these differences in biologic behavior. Venous SMC properties may contribute to accelerated atherosclerosis in venous bypass grafts.