AIDS的流行趋势及防治措施研究进展

目的：综述获得性免疫缺陷综合征(Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome,AIDS)的流行趋势及防治措施研究进展。方法：参阅中外文献阐述AIDS是由人类免疫缺陷病毒(Human Immunodeficiency Virus,HIV)引起的一种严重的传染病。HIV通过病毒包膜糖蛋白gp^120／gp^41主要与人体免疫细胞膜上表达的CD4受体和辅助受体结合,进而侵入易感细胞,并且损伤宿主的免疫系统,最终导致AIDS的发生。HIV主要通过密切性接触、静脉吸毒经感染者的血液传播以及母婴传播。结果：自1981年由美国首次报道以来,到2004年底,全球已有190多个国家报道有HIV／AIDS感染者已达3940万人,其中310万人已死于AIDS。疫情蔓延迅速,死亡率极高,至今尚无有效防治措施。其传播方式已由高危人群转向普通人群。发病率、死亡率均有上升趋势。结论：因此,有效的预防及治疗措施的研究已经刻不容缓。本文就AIDS的流行趋势及防治措施研究进展作一简要综述。     

HIV-1病毒蛋白与细胞膜通道调制

人类免疫缺陷病毒(Human Immunodeficiency Virus,HIV)主要感染中枢神经系统(Central nervous system,CNS)和免疫系统,导致感染者血脑屏障(blood brain barrier,BBB)受损、免疫功能缺陷等神经病理性改变,人类免疫缺陷病毒1型(HIV-1)病毒蛋白对于病毒的病理变化发挥着重要作用。本文主要综述HIV-1的感染机制、HIV-1病毒蛋白及其对细胞膜通道的调制作用,以期为治疗AIDS提供更多思路。     

非洲绿猴在艾滋病研究中的应用进展

人类在人免疫缺陷病毒（human immunodeficiency virus,HIV-1）感染后,通常经过一段潜伏期,进展为艾滋病（acquired immunodeficiency syndromes,AIDS）。非洲绿猴（African green monkeys,AGM）是SIV（simian immunodeficiency virus,SIV）的天然宿主,虽然体内的病毒水平与HIV感染者相似,但不表现出艾滋病症状。因此,探索AGM控制病毒复制和疾病进展的分子机制,可以很好地促进对HIV感染致病机理的认识和AIDS疫苗与治疗方法的研究。本文简要介绍AGM在艾滋病研究中的应用和最新研究进展,为艾滋病动物模型的研究提供更多参考。     

如何尽早发现艾滋病

艾滋病在我国的流行呈现新特点 获得性免疫缺陷综合征（Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome）,简称艾滋病（AIDS）,是由人类免疫缺陷病毒（Hmuan Immunodeficiency Virus,HIV）引起的疾病。     

HIV-1亚型分析与研究综述

艾滋病（AIDS）是本世纪对人类社会威胁最大的传染性疾病。引发AIDS的人类免疫缺陷病毒（Human Immunodeficiency Virus，HIV）于20世纪80年代中期发现以来，随着分子生物学技术的不断完善，世界各国陆续开展针对其基因结构的分类研究。根据血清学和基因序列的差异，HIV分为HIV-1型和HIV-2型。     

Toll样受体与HIV-1病毒感染

感染人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)后,引起免疫系统的持续激活,进而导致CD4+T细胞数目不断减少,最终导致人类免疫缺陷综合征(AIDS)的发生。阻断免疫系统的持续激活,可能是减缓AIDS发展进程的重要途径。有研究表明,Toll样受体(TLR)与HIV感染后免疫系统的持续激活密切相关。同时,TLR是重要的模式识别受体,在抗微生物的非特异性免疫中发挥重要作用并参与调节特异性免疫。本文综述了TLR与HIV-1的关系,以给HIV-1治疗及疫苗的研究提供参考。     

抗人类免疫缺陷病毒-1的治疗研究

获得性免疫缺陷综合征(AIDS)是由人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染引起的一种严重的疾病，当HIV侵入人体后借细胞表面的CD4分子及某些趋化因子受体侵犯宿主细胞，造成机体免疫功能破坏，进而引起严重的机会感染及肿瘤。现就该病治疗的中心环节——抗病毒治疗，尤其是高效逆转录病毒疗法(HAART)的治疗现状及研究进展简介如下。     

谈谈“本世纪最可怕的瘟疫”——艾滋病

艾滋病（Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome,AIDS)是由人类免疫缺陷病毒(Human Immunodeficiency Virus，HIV)所致的传染病。传染源为AIDS患者及HIV携带者，主要通过性交、接吻、血及血制品等途径传播．临床上以致命的条件致病性感染、恶性肿瘤和神系统损害为主要表现。     

调节性T细胞与HIV感染相关性的研究进展

艾滋病(acquired immunodeficiency syndrome,AIDS)主要是由人类免疫缺陷病毒Ⅰ型(human immune deficiency vi-rus,HIV-1)引起的一种免疫缺陷性疾病.HIV感染机体的免疫细胞,导致CD4+T淋巴细胞损伤和数量的下降,患者出现免疫功能低下甚至免疫功能缺陷.     

HIV-1NefR作用机制的研究进展

人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)在病毒学上属于逆转录病毒科,慢病毒属。目前发现两种HIV,分别为人类免疫缺陷病毒-1(HIV-1)和人类免疫缺陷病毒-2(HIV-2),两者具有相似的病毒结构和传播途径。HIV-2毒力和传播力都低于HIV-1,它引起的艾滋病(AIDS)病程也较缓和。HIV-1是目前引起全世界AIDS流行的主要病原,其感染人群占全球HIV感染者的     

人类免疫缺陷病毒感染的免疫学

全世界已经有超过二千万人死于获得性免疫缺陷综合征（又称艾滋病）。人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）是引起艾滋病的病原体，是由Montagnier在1983年发现的。HIV是一种逆转录病毒，有两条单链RNA组成，在逆转录酶的作用下，转录成前病毒双链DNA。HIV主要通过使CD4T细胞衰竭来破坏免疫系统。当CD4 T细胞降至全血200个／mm^-3时，免疫系统功能就会发生紊乱，并且会伴随机会性感染如结核杆菌、隐孢子虫等。本文概述了由于HIV感染引起的复杂、多面性的免疫反应，并重点介绍了CD4 T细胞衰竭的机制。Th1和Th2辅助细胞的平衡改变也与疾病的进展有关。为了控制此疾病，研究者设计了多种疫苗，并且有些疫苗已经进入了临床试验阶段。     

长非编码RNA在HIV-1感染单核细胞中的作用

目的 观察外周血单核细胞的长非编码RNA(lncRNA)在感染人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)-1前后的表达差异,并研究差异表达的lncRNAs在HIV-1感染单核细胞中的作用. 方法 采用基因芯片从HIV-1感染的单核细胞和未感染的对照单核细胞中筛选出表达差异最大的lncRNAs,并进行qRT-PCR验证.设计siRNA并转染到单核细胞中,ELISA检测转染siRNAs前后单核细胞表达白介素(IL)-1β、IL-10和肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α的变化. 结果 基因芯片和qRT-PCR结果均显示,单核细胞感染HIV-1后,lncRNA-n266623表达显著上升;在转染lncRNA-n266623的siRNA后,单核细胞分泌IL-1β、IL-10和TNF-α的能力增强.结论 HIV感染单核细胞后能促进单核细胞高表达lncRNA-n266623;lncRNA-n266623可能抑制单核细胞的IL-1β、IL-10和TNF-α的分泌,从而负向调控机体对HIV-1感染的免疫应答.     

Co-infection by the human T-cell lymphotropic virus type II in patients infected by the human immunodeficiency virus in Yucatan, Mexico

BACKGROUND: The HTLV-II infection has been reported in patients with HIV infection as often in asymptomatic as those with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of HTLV-II infection in a group of patients infected by HIV in our region, as well as determining the risk factors associated with HTLV-II transmission in this group of patients and its impact on the clinical course of HIV infection. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the prevalence of co-infection of HIV-1 and HTLV-II among 192 patients from Yucatán, México. Serum specimens were tested for HTLV antibodies by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test. Positive results were confirmed and typed by Western blot. Twenty four (12.5%) patients were confirmed with antibodies for HTLV-II, but none had antibodies for HTLV-I. Specific risk factors for HTLV-II transmission were not identified. RESULTS: Candidiasis (42 vs. 12%, p = 0.0004) and more than two defining entities of AIDS (37 vs. 18%, p = 0.02) was observed with greater prevalence in the group co-infected. CONCLUSIONS: In our study, a higher frequency of candidiasis and a larger number of AIDS-defining pathologies were observed in the co-infected patients, suggesting that co-infection is associated with greater immunodeficiency.     

Tactics used by HIV-1 to evade host innate, adaptive, and intrinsic immunities

Objective To review the mechanisms by which HIV evades different components of the host immune system.Data sources This review is based on data obtained from published articles from 1991 to 2012.To per...     

ART治疗对HIV感染者CD4+FoxP3+T细胞水平的影响

目的:探索抗逆转录病毒疗法(ART)治疗在HIV-1疾病进程中对调节性T细胞(Treg细胞)的影响,并探讨Treg细胞频率在HIV-1疾病进程中的作用.方法:抽取114例(男96例、女18例)HIV-1阳性患者及17例健康对照者外周血,应用流式细胞术检测Treg细胞,并分析其表达水平(频率和绝对数)在 HIV-1疾病进程中的变化趋势及其与CD4+细胞绝对数之间的相关性.结果:随着HIV-1感染者病情进展,患者外周血中Treg细胞绝对数趋向下降并且与CD4+T细胞绝对数呈正相关,而Treg细胞频率趋向升高并且与CD4+T细胞绝对数呈负相关.Treg细胞频率及绝对数在ART治疗无症状HIV-1阳性感染者中显著降低,而在AIDS患者中却显著升高.结论:Treg细胞参与艾滋病免疫发病过程,并且在HIV-1感染的不同阶段,ART治疗对Treg细胞水平具有一定的影响,提示通过控制Treg细胞的水平可能有助于HIV-1感染疾病的临床控制.     

The surveillance definition of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and the clinical classification of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1

In 1982, one year after the first cases of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) were reported, a case definition of AIDS was produced by the Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. This definition was implemented world-wide, and it allowed the standardization of the reporting of cases. The identification of the virus that is responsible for AIDS, which subsequently was named the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), led to the development of laboratory test procedures to detect its presence. The use of these tests confirmed that additional clinical manifestations were associated with severe outcomes of HIV-1 infection, which resulted in an increase in the number of conditions that were encompassed by AIDS. Moreover, the diagnosis of many AIDS-defining conditions could be made presumptively in the presence of proved HIV-1 infection. Thus the case definition required revision in 1985, and again in 1987. In addition, clinical expressions other than AIDS definitively were attributed to infection with HIV-1 after the widespread use of the testing procedures. The case definition of AIDS, as revised by the Centers for Disease Control in 1987, now is the current definition that is used in Australia. The clinical classification of HIV infection, which was produced by the Centers for Disease Control in 1986, was implemented in this country in January 1988.     

HIV-Associated Pathogenesis： The Role of HIV-1 Nef Gene

It has been esti mated by the UNAIDS thatnearly 40 million people aroundthe world werelivingwith HIV/AIDS,including 5 million who acquiredHIVeach year.The epidemic in Asia is expandingrapidly.An esti mated 7.4 million people are livingwith HIV in the region and over 1 million peoplebecame newly infected each year.Given that Asiahas 60%of the world s population,the fast-growingAsian epidemic has huge i mplications globally[1].HIVis a member of the Retroviridae family.Itinfects mainly…     

HIV/AIDS发病机制的研究进展

获得性免疫缺陷综合征是由人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)所引起的致命性慢性传染病,除可通过相关表面分子受体主要感染CD4+T淋巴细胞外,还能影响CD8+T淋巴细胞、单核/巨噬细胞、B细胞及自然杀伤细胞的功能和数量,甚至Th1/Th2的平衡也会发生改变。而这些改变与宿主感染HIV后病情进展的相关机制越来越多地被人们发现,同时也为疫苗的研究指明了方向。