单侧椎弓根螺钉固定联合椎间融合术治疗腰椎间盘突出症效果分析

目的:探讨单侧椎弓根螺钉固定联合椎间融合术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的临床效果.方法:回顾性分析本院2015年1月～2017年1月收治的经单侧椎弓根螺钉固定联合椎间融合术治疗的腰椎间盘突出症患者86例,对其术后随访,采用Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)评价患者术后6月的腰椎功能恢复情况;采取腰腿痛视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评价患者术前和术后6月的疼痛消除情况;末次随访时,采取改良Macnab标准评价临床疗效.结果:手术时间为80～106min,平均89min,术中出血60～110ml,平均76ml,术中无神经根损伤,术后无感染以及硬膜外血肿等并发症;术后6个月患者ODI指数、VAS评分差异显著(P＜0.01),术后6月患者疼痛为轻度痛痛,腰椎功能恢复较好;末次随访Macnab标准优良率为93.02％,临床疗效较好.结论:单侧椎弓根螺钉固定联合椎间融合术治疗腰椎间盘突出症临床效果显著.     

单侧椎弓根螺钉联合腰椎后路椎间融合术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的效果研究

目的：探讨单侧椎弓根螺钉联合腰椎后路椎间融合术在腰椎间盘突出症治疗中的临床效果。方法选取腰椎间盘突出症急性发作患者100例,随机分为双侧椎弓根螺钉内固定组(常规组)和单侧椎弓根螺钉联合腰椎后路椎间融合术组(结合组),各50例。对两组治疗前及治疗后1 w、2 w、30 d、60 d、90 d 及末次随访时患者的水肿、疼痛等症状和运动功能进行评价。结果治疗后结合组各阶段的腰腿痛 VAS 评分、MacNab 腰腿痛疗效评价、ODI 评分均优于常规组(P <0.05),水肿明显减轻,关节活动度增加,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。结论单侧椎弓根螺钉联合腰椎后路椎间融合术中远期可明显减轻患者的水肿、疼痛,促进其运动功能恢复。     

Quadrant微创系统下行单侧椎弓根螺钉内固定联合椎间植骨融合治疗极外侧型腰椎间盘突出症的临床疗效观察

目的探讨Quadrant微创系统单侧椎弓根螺钉内固定椎间植骨融合治疗极外侧型腰椎间盘突出症的疗效。方法对20例极外侧型腰椎间盘突出症患者通过Quadrant微创通道下单侧椎弓根螺钉内固定及椎间植骨融合内固定术,运用日本骨科学会评估治疗分数(JOA评分)和疼痛评估伤口视觉模拟法(VAS评分)评价疗效,并观察术后各项指标。结果20例患者均顺利完成手术,均按时门诊复查,平均随访26个月。随访腰椎正侧位及过伸过曲位X线片、腰椎CT及腰椎MRI检查示内固定器稳定,未出现腰椎失稳,20例病例植骨完全融合。临床疗效为优16例,良3例,可1例,无效0例。末次随访JOA评分明显高于术前(P<0.05),腰痛、腿痛VAS评分明显低于术前(P<0.05);术前与末次随访椎间隙高度比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 Quadrant系统下行单侧椎弓根螺钉内固定联合椎间植骨融合内固定术治疗极外侧型腰椎间盘突出症可维持术后的脊柱稳定性,具有损伤小、出血少、恢复快、疗效满意且操作简单等优点。     

小切口椎板开窗椎间融合联合经皮椎弓根钉固定治疗腰椎退行性疾病临床研究

目的:探讨小切口椎板开窗椎间融合联合经皮椎弓根钉固定治疗腰椎退行性疾病的临床疗效。方法:选择腰椎退行性疾病患者50例,其中腰椎间盘突出症23例,腰椎管狭窄症18例,腰椎Ⅰ~Ⅱ度滑脱9例。应用小切口椎板开窗椎间融合联合经皮椎弓根钉固定手术治疗,统计两组术中出血量、手术时间、术后引流量,术前术后疼痛视觉VAS评分、Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI),根据Macnab标准评定临床疗效。结果:术后随访9~25个月,平均16个月。手术时间(121.00±26.45)min;术中出血量(340.65±94.26)ml;术后引流量(156.36±43.73)ml。术后第3天、末次随访的VAS评分、ODI评分与术前比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。末次随访Mac Nab评价临床疗效:优37例(74%),良11例(22%),可1例(2%),差1例(2%),总优良率达96%。结论:小切口椎板开窗椎间融合联合经皮椎弓根钉固定治疗腰椎退行性疾病具有创伤小,术中出血少,术后恢复快,临床疗效显著等优点,值得在临床中推广应用。     

经椎旁肌间隙入路单侧椎弓根螺钉固定椎间融合治疗极外侧型腰椎间盘突出症的疗效

目的:探讨经椎旁肌间隙入路单侧椎弓根螺钉固定椎间植骨融合治疗极外侧型腰椎间盘突出症的临床疗效.方法:回顾性分析23例极外侧型腰椎间盘突出症患者行椎旁肌间隙入路单侧椎弓根螺钉固定椎间植骨融合内固定术的临床资料,对患者术前术后进行VAS、ODI评分,评价手术效果.结果:术后患者VAS、ODI评分均较术前明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);其中优19例,良3例,可1例,优良率96％.结论:经椎旁肌间隙入路单侧椎弓根螺钉固定融合治疗极外侧型腰椎间盘突出症,具有方法安全简单、创伤小、疗效好、费用少等优点.     

单侧椎弓根钉内固定结合椎间融合术治疗腰椎间盘突出症疗效分析

目的：探讨单侧椎弓根钉内固定结合椎间融合术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的临床疗效及优势。方法：在2006年3月～2009年2月期间对52例腰椎间盘突出症的患者采用了内固定椎间融合器治疗,其中单侧椎弓根固定组24例,双侧椎弓根固定组28例。比较两种手术患者手术前后日本骨科协会评分（Japanese Orthopaedic Association,JOA）及腰痛指数（Oswestry disability index,ODI）、手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院天数、住院费用、融合率的情况。结果：术后随访12～20个月（平均16个月）,两组患者术前JOA和ODI评分比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,末次随访时的JOA及ODI评分、融合率的差异也无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。所有患者术后的功能参数均优于术前。单侧椎弓根固定组在手术时间、出血量、住院费用方面优于双侧椎弓根固定组（P〈0.01）。结论：单侧椎弓根钉内固定结合椎间融合术治疗腰椎间盘突出症能够取得同双侧椎弓根钉内固定相同的手术效果,而且能够减少手术创伤,适于在临床应用。     

单侧椎弓根螺钉内固定并单枚cage置入椎间融合术治疗腰椎间盘突出症21例

目的：：观察单侧椎弓根螺钉内固定并单枚 cage置入椎间融合术治疗单侧突出合并不稳定因素的腰椎间盘突出症的疗效。方法：收集2010年10月至2012年12月单侧突出及合并有不稳定因素的腰椎间盘突出症患者21例,行后路单侧开窗髓核摘除加单侧椎弓根螺钉内固定,单枚 cage置入椎间融合术。随访12个月,采用JOA评分评估术后患者功能症状改善情况,按Schulte融合评估标准对椎间融合情况进行评估。结果：全部病例均顺利完成手术,手术时间为85~115 min,平均(108.5±2)min,术中出血量150~350 mL,平均(251.5±5)mL。根据JOA评分,术后改善明显,根据 Schulte 标准,该组病例椎间融合率100%。结论：单侧椎弓根螺钉内固定并单枚 cage置入椎间融合术是治疗合并不稳定因素的单侧腰椎间盘突出症的有效方法之一。     

单侧和双侧椎弓根螺钉内固定联合经椎间孔椎间融合术治疗单节段腰椎退行性疾病比较研究

摘要 背景：双侧椎弓根螺钉内固定和椎间融合被广泛应用于腰椎退行性疾病的治疗,这种传统固定方式存在一些缺点。 目的：该研究的目的是对比单侧椎弓根螺钉内固定联合经椎间孔椎间融合术和双侧固定椎间融合在治疗单节段腰椎退行性疾病的临床疗效。 材料和方法：本组共纳入66例单节段腰椎退行性疾病患者。根据手术方式分为两组,单侧固定组（A组）和双侧固定组（B组）。所有患者进行了视觉模拟评分（VAS）和ODI腰椎评分,同时对两组患者手术视觉、失血量、住院时间和并发症进行了比较。所有患者术后1,3,6个月和12个月进行了随访。 结果：A组术前VAS和ODI评分分别为7.03 0.98,64.22% 6.38%,末次随访结果为2.91 0.88,14.42% 2.08%（P=0.000）。B组术前VAS和ODI评分分别为6.79 0.86,63.22% 4.70%,末次随访结果为3.12 0.96,14.62% 2.08%（P=0.000）。住院时间差别无统计学意义。A组手术时间和失血量为125.9 13.0 分钟和211.4 28.3 ml,B组为165.2 15.3分钟和258.6 18.3ml,差别有统计学意义 (P=0.000)。所有患者在末次随访获得骨性融合,未见假关节形成。 结论：研究证实对于单节段腰椎退行性疾病,单侧或双侧椎弓根螺钉内固定联合经椎间孔椎间融合术临床疗效相仿。单侧固定能节省手术时间,减少失血和降低住院费用。只要严格把握适应症,单侧椎弓根螺钉内固定联合经椎间孔椎间融合术能取得良好疗效。     

单侧椎弓根固定椎间融合治疗腰椎间盘突出症

目的：研究经单侧椎弓根固定椎间融合治疗腰椎间盘突出症的疗效。方法：对腰椎间盘突出症38例行单侧椎弓根螺钉内固定,椎间盘摘除,椎间融合器植骨融合术。结果：随访5-23个月,平均10个月,优30例,良5例,可3例,优良率达92.1％。结论：单侧椎弓根内固定椎间融合器植骨融合术治疗腰椎间盘突出症特别适合伴椎管狭窄、腰椎不稳定以及术后复发的患者。     

两种术式治疗腰椎间盘突出症并节段不稳的疗效比较

目的比较传统全椎板减压、腰椎椎间融合术和单侧椎旁肌剥离入路、腰椎椎间融合术两种术式治疗腰椎间盘突出症并节段不稳的疗效。方法回顾性分析2009年1月-2011年4月宁夏医科大学总医院收治的52例腰椎间盘突出症并节段不稳患者,按手术方法分为两组,A组28例,采用全椎板减压、双侧椎弓根螺钉固定、腰椎椎间融合术,即经典PLIF组;B组24例,采用单侧减压、单侧椎弓根螺钉固定、腰椎椎间融合术,即单侧经后路腰椎间融和术(PLIF)组。采用疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scal,VAS)、Oswestry功能障碍指数(oswetry disability index,ODI)评估两组患者手术后的临床效果,采用suk法评价两组患者术后的椎间融合情况。结果全部病例均获随访,平均24个月。B组手术时间、术中出血量明显低于A组(P>0.05)。两组术后VAS和ODI均较术前明显降低,术后3个月及末次随访,B组腰痛VAS评分低于A组(P<0.05),ODI评分两组则差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。椎间融合率比较两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论单侧PLIF和经典PLIF两种术式治疗腰椎间盘突出症并节段不稳均可达到满意疗效,单侧PLIF术创伤相对小,术后早期功能恢复较好,腰痛发生率相对较低。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.