Preservice teachers' predictions, perceptions, and actual assessment of students with special needs in secondary general music

The purpose of the current study was to examine preservice teachers' predictions and perceptions of students with special needs' level of mastery of specific music education concepts and actual grades achieved by these students using alternative assessments and testing accommodations within two subpopulations: students with emotional and/or behavior disorders, and students with acute cognitive delays. The preservice teachers predicted students within the EDBD class would achieve a significantly higher level of mastery of the music concepts than students within the ACD classroom. After the field experience, however, the preservice teachers perceptions of all students' level of mastery increased from predictions scores overall. Additionally, pre-service teachers were able to execute testing accommodations and implement successful alternative assessments which gave empirical data on the students' level of mastery of the music education concepts within the curriculum. Finally, there was no correlation between how the preservice teachers thought students would perform, how they thought the students performed, and how the students actually performed based on assessment data.     

不同学制本科护理毕业生临床能力的差异性比较

目的比较不同学制本科护生的临床能力之间的差异,探讨相关因素,为本科护理教育提供有力依据。方法采用本科护生临床能力评价表对普通本科、高职本科及专升本共75名护生和44名教师进行调查。结果75名护生的临床能力均在及格或以上水平。三组护生临床处置、护理科研和临床教学能力的他评结果,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;临床能力总评和7项临床能力自评结果差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论本科护生的临床能力均达到了本科护理教育的目标,但三种类型的本科护生之间临床能力水平存在差异。在临床护理教学中,对于不同类型的护生,带教老师应按照“因材施教”的原则,进行个体化教学。     

Jordanian undergraduate nursing students' perceptions of effective clinical teachers

Clinical teaching is a dynamic process that occurs in a variety of sociocultural contexts. The quality of student-teacher interaction in the clinical field can either facilitate or hinder the students' learning in the clinical area. This paper presents the results of a study to explore Jordanian undergraduate nursing students' perceptions of effective clinical teacher characteristics. The results showed that overall, the nursing students rated the professional competence of the clinical teacher as the most important characteristic, which when compared to the Western population was different. When male and female nursing students' perceptions were compared, no significant differences were found. However, responses of nursing students from the three academic years differed significantly in that second-year students rated the clinical teachers' relationship with students as most important and fourth-year students rated personal qualities of the clinical teachers as most important. The results were significant in that they were congruent with the students' level of education and most importantly, their cultural beliefs and values about education.     

Effects of clinical practice environments on clinical teacher and nursing student outcomes

The purpose of this study was to use a cross-sectional survey design, with an integrated theoretical perspective, to examine clinical teachers' (n = 64) and nursing students' (n = 352) empowerment, teachers' and students' perceptions of teachers' use of empowering teaching behaviors, students' perceptions of nurses' practice behaviors, and students' confidence for practice in acute care settings. In this study, teachers and students were moderately empowered. Teachers reported using a high level of empowering teaching behaviors, which corresponded with students' perceptions of teachers' use of such behaviors. Teachers' empowerment predicted 21% of their use of empowering teaching behaviors. Students reported nurses as using a high level of professional practice behaviors. Students felt confident for professional nursing practice. The findings have implications for practice contexts related to empowering teaching-learning environments and self-efficacy.     

A review of preservice training in augmentative and alternative communication for speech-language pathologists, special education teachers, and occupational therapists

Speech-language pathologists, special education teachers, and occupational therapists are all likely to encounter individuals with complex communication needs who require augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) in clinical and educational practice. The research on preservice AAC training for these professionals was thus reviewed to investigate the adequacy and effectiveness of current practices. Results indicate that many preservice programs offer minimal AAC training, faculty members have minimal expertise in AAC, and the effectiveness of preservice programs in equipping professionals for entry-level AAC practice is unclear. Speech-language pathologists, special education teachers, and occupational therapists may thus be at risk of graduating with minimal to no exposure to AAC, with little knowledge or skill in AAC service provision, and may be unprepared for entry-level practice. Strengths and limitations of the reviewed research and future research directions are discussed, along with implications for improving preservice training in AAC.     

分层次教学模式下学生对临床护理教师带教的评价

目的探讨分层次教学模式下学生对临床护理教师带教的评价。方法对300名护理专业实习生实行分层次教学管理模式,采用自制的学生调查问卷和临床护理教师自评问卷对临床护理老师带教进行调查。结果不同学历学生对临床教师带教仪表和态度评价比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);在教学内容、教学方法和教学效果方面,不同学历学生对临床教师带教的评价比较,本科生<大专生<中专生,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同性别学生对临床教师带教评价之间的比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论临床护理教师的教学内容和教学方法有待提高,应根据不同学历层次的学生采取不同的临床护理教学方法,从而提高临床护理带教质量。     

中外合办护理专业教育环境的调查

目的：评估中外合办护理专业本科生对教育环境的感知。方法：采用教育环境测量工具DREEM表，对本校护理专业406名本科生，其中中外合办班学生192名（涉外班），普通班学生214名进行护理专业教育环境调查，对教育环境的感知（普通班作为常模）进行比较。结果：涉外班学生对总体教育环境及学习、教师、氛围的感受和学术自我感受4个子领域相对比较满意，但在社交方面的自我感受则不乐观，而且对教育环境的感知得分低于普通班（P〈0．01）。结论：针对中外合办护理专业存在的问题，应通过提高双语教师的师资水平、精简教学内容、整合优化课程体系、增设社区康复护理课程以及营造良好的人际交往环境来实现培养目标。     

北京市民办康复机构孤独症康复教师现状调查

目的了解北京市民办康复机构孤独症康复教师对相关知识技能的掌握情况。方法选取北京市10 所民办康复机构孤独症康复教师51 人,使用自编问卷进行测查。结果康复教师认为,知识重要性前三位为：专业知识、康复技能和特殊教育基础知识;知识掌握性前三位为：教师基本技能、专业知识、特殊教育基础知识,且存在学历和从业年限上的差异。95%认为,培训形式为知识+案例+指导形式,最佳培训时间为周末或寒暑假,课程设置主要集中在孤独症儿童的行为矫正知识与技能、班级管理知识与技能、国内几大系统训练方法的专业培训等。结论北京市民办康复机构孤独症康复教师急需进行专业知识和康复技能等方面的培训。     

Deaf and hard of Hearing Students’ Opportunities for Learning in a Regular Secondary School in Chile: Teacher Practices and Beliefs

This study aimed to analyze the learning context of deaf and hard of hearing (D/HH) students in a Chilean high school, in which 50 D/HH students (7th to 12th grade) attend classes together with hearing classmates. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven high school teachers and five deaf education teachers, to explore their practices and beliefs regarding teaching D/HH students in regular classrooms. Ten classroom observations were also carried out in classes with and without the presence of a deaf education teacher. Interview data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Class observations enabled a better understanding of the context in which D/HH students and their teachers interact daily. Results from interview analysis provided information of teachers’ beliefs about D/HH students; regular teachers and deaf education teachers’ perceptions of the roles they play in students’ learning; accommodations made for D/HH students; and facilitators and barriers for teaching in classes with D/HH students. High school teachers’ report of their difficulties to teach D/HH students and their need to rely on deaf education teachers in the classroom was corroborated by classroom observations, which showed that most D/HH students were unable to follow the class in absence of special teacher’s support, and regular teachers had problems communicating with them. D/HH students’ opportunities for learning are highly restricted in such environment. Implications for educational inclusion policies and teacher preparation programs are discussed.     

Perceptions of research utilization: comparisons between health care professionals, nursing students and a reference group of nurse clinicians

The study reported in this paper was carried out to investigate a group of nursing teachers' (n=37), nursing students' (n=166), nursing administrators' (n=33) and physicians' (n=127) perceptions of barriers to and facilitators of nurses' use of research findings in clinical practice. The results were compared with the corresponding figures for a reference group of nurse clinicians (n=237). The Barriers Scale and a questionnaire for the demographic issues were used for data collection. The organization and the communication of research were seen as barriers to research utilization by the nursing teachers, students and administrators in agreement with the nurse clinicians. The nurses' research-related competence and awareness were seen as barriers by the nursing teachers, students and administrators to a greater extent than by the nurse clinicians themselves. The physicians perceived barriers to a lesser extent than the other groups did. The students' perceptions were closest to the nurse clinicians, while the physicians' perceptions differed most. Education to increase the nurses' knowledge of research and to develop their competence to evaluate research results, increased resources for education, more staff, support from the administration and research presented in a user-friendly way were the most frequently suggested facilitators. The nurses' isolation from knowledgeable colleagues with whom to discuss the research was seen as a barrier by the majority of the participants. This indicates a need for positions in clinical practice for nursing researchers, in order to promote a research-based, nursing practice.     

Effect of field experiences on music therapy students' perceptions of choral music for geriatric wellness programs

The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of field experiences on music therapy students' perceptions of choral music for geriatric wellness programs. Specifically, the study investigated music therapy students': a) personal comfort working with senior adult singers; b) perceptions of preparation in their educational training to work with senior adults in a choral music wellness program; c) perceptions of senior adults' functioning levels as singers in choral ensembles; d) perceptions of senior adults' functioning levels as learners; and e) willingness to seek additional opportunities to lead senior adults in choral music wellness programs. Comparative analysis using pretest and posttest scores for each grouping was completed. Significant mean score differences were found in the categories of student comfort, preparation, perceptions of singing, and willingness, with gains from pre- to posttest in all categories. The general demographics and perceptions of learning groupings increased and decreased, respectively, though not significantly, following the field experience. Analysis combining all groups, creating an overall pretest and posttest score, was also completed. Results revealed that students felt significantly more positive about choral music being used in wellness programs for senior adults after the field experience.     

Trying something new: Implementing and evaluating narrative pedagogy using a multimethod approach

To meet the challenges of rapidly changing health care systems, teacher-scholars are rethinking conventional approaches to education and developing new pedagogies that offer new ways of thinking about and using current approaches. The practices, strategies, and assumptions of teaching and learning that are now taken for granted are being challenged, critiqued, and deconstructed with these new approaches. There are very few studies in the higher education or nursing literature that evaluate these pedagogies in actual classroom situations. This article reports the findings of a multimethod study that was developed to document how to implement an alternative pedagogy to develop new partnerships among teachers and students, how implementation is experienced by the teacher and students, and how Narrative Pedagogy influenced students' perceptions of the classroom learning climate.     

对临床教师有效教学行为的调查

目的 :了解护理临床带教老师和本科学生对临床教学行为的认知。方法 :选择整群抽样 ,采用自设调查表对北京和天津地区四所三级甲等教学医院承担本科生临床带教工作的临床教师以及本科学生进行了问卷调查和部分访谈。结果 :教师和学生都认为“护理能力”行为是临床教师最重要的行为特征 ,其次是“教学能力”行为和“评价”行为。国内教师和学生对临床教师的“教学能力”行为重要性认识与国外相比仍有差异。结论 :国内师生对临床教师的“教学能力”行为重要性认识不足 ,师生双方在护理教育理念上与国外教育者、学习者存在一定差距。     

Epistemological development and collaborative learning: a hermeneutic analysis of music therapy students' experience

Undergraduate education must address student's developmental needs, as well as their learning needs. Yet, there has been little discussion regarding music therapy students' epistemological development, how that influences their education and clinical training, and how that understanding can inform educators and clinical supervisors. As part of an introductory music therapy course that was taught using collaborative learning consensus groups, students provided written and verbal comments about their experience and some students agreed to a series of interviews (Luce, 2002). This hermeneutic analysis of that data was based upon Perry's Scheme and Women's Ways of Knowing suggested that (a) the students' comments reflected the various perspectives or positions within the models, (b) the collaborative learning consensus groups facilitated transitions and movement within the models, and (c) there was a need for more research to understand music therapy students' developmental needs, to enhance teaching methods and pedagogy, and to address students' developmental needs as they prepare to enter the profession.     

Development and implementation of a clinical needs assessment to support nursing and midwifery students with a disability in clinical practice: Part 1

Equality and disability legislation, coupled with increasing numbers of students with a disability, and inadequate supports in clinical practice, acted as catalysts to explore how best to support undergraduate nursing and midwifery students on clinical placements. Historically, higher education institutions provide reasonable accommodations for theoretical rather than clinical modules for practice placements. This paper describes the development and implementation of a Clinical Needs Assessment designed to identify the necessary supports or reasonable accommodations for nursing and midwifery students with a disability undertaking work placements in clinical practice.The existing literature, and consultation with an expert panel, revealed that needs assessments should be competency based and clearly identify the core skills or elements of practice that the student must attain to achieve proficiency and competence. The five Domains of Competence, advocated by An Bord Altranais, the Nursing and Midwifery Board of Ireland, formed the framework for the Clinical Needs Assessment. A panel of experts generated performance indicators to enable the identification of individualised reasonable accommodations for year 1 nursing and midwifery students in one Irish University. Development and implementation of the Clinical Needs Assessment promoted equality, inclusion and a level playing field for nursing and midwifery students with a disability in clinical practice.     

Clinical supervision of nursing students: a survey in Nepal

Students, teachers, hospital staff and doctors alike indicate a dissatisfaction with clinical and field experience for student nurses. Students often feel lost, insecure and sometimes misused in both hospital and community settings. Teachers are reluctant to become involved on the wards because of lack of confidence in their own skills and potential conflicts with staff. Hospital staff feel that because teachers are incompetent, the teachers relinquish the practical demonstrations to the more experienced ward nurses. Doctors bemoan new graduates who have never been guided to properly execute procedures. How can this fear and resentment of clinical experiences by both students and teachers be alleviated? How adequate is the supervision provided by nursing teachers? These were the questions raised by nursing educators in Nepal. They sought the answers by first conducting a survey of teachers' and students' perceptions of clinical supervision and then using the findings to alert teachers to the problems.     

Being a supportive presence in online courses: knowing and connecting with students through writing

Enacting Narrative Pedagogy, teachers often reflect on how practices, such as knowing and connecting, influence the nature of the experiences they co-create with students. There is a reciprocity in the tone of both students' and teachers' communication-in both classroom and online environments. Through attention to how teachers know and connect with students, the words and phrases they use can help put students at ease and preserve a continual future openness for learning. Without attention to how language "speaks" to students, especially in distance education, teachers perhaps, too often, "look through" experience to the outcomes of learning and do not address the potentially problematic nature of the experiences they co-create with students. Focusing attention on the meaning and significance of language in online learning restores the connective and gathering possibilities of written communication.