累及大血管的原发性腹膜后肿瘤的诊断与治疗

目的 探讨大血管受累的原发性腹膜后肿瘤的诊治经验.方法 回顾分析北京大学人民医院1990年1月至2010年1月82例腹膜后肿瘤患者的临床资料,评估术前影像学检查对肿瘤累及周围大血管的准确性,对比有无大血管受累的全切除率、术中出血量及手术时间的差异,观察血管受累病例中全切除与非全切除患者术后12个月的随访资料.结果 术前影像学检查对评价肿瘤累及周围大血管的灵敏度及特异度分别为70％和73％.对比周围大血管受累组与未受累组,前者的全切除率明显降低、术中出血量更多、手术时间更长,差异皆有统计学意义(P＜0.05).周围大血管受累组中,全切除术后12个月无一例死亡,而非全切除术后9个月内均死亡.结论 术前影像学检查可较准确和灵敏地评估腹膜后肿瘤累及血管的情况;周围大血管受累是影响原发性腹膜后肿瘤行全切除术的重要因素.血管受累的原发性腹膜后肿瘤应争取行全切除术.     

选择性血流阻断配合超声乳化吸引刀切除中央型肝肿瘤

目的 探讨选择性血流阻断配合超声乳化吸引刀切除中央型肝肿瘤的效果.方法 选择性阻断肿瘤所在肝叶的进出血流,超声乳化吸引刀解剖,行中央区肝段切除.结果 自2006年7月至2008年1月,采用这种外科技术治疗中央型肝肿瘤46例.本组患者术前肝功能Child A级43例,Child B级3例.39例患者一次性肝区域性全血流阻断8～33 min.术中出血量100～2400ml,平均490ml.43例术后在一周内肝功能恢复至A级;3例术后出现腹水,其中1例并发黄疸;2例发生胆瘘;1例胃瘫,1例术后第3天并发大面积心梗死亡.35例恶性肿瘤患者中位随访9个月,1例患者术后10个月因肿瘤腹腔及肝内转移死亡,34例患者至今无瘤生存.结论 肝区域性进出血流阻断能有效控制切肝时的出血;应用超声乳化吸引刀切肝,解剖清晰,综合应用这两种技术,能较安全地切除肝脏任何部位的肿瘤.     

Challenges of laparoscopic resection of abdominal neuroblastoma with lymphadenectomy

BACKGROUND: The laparoscopic procedure involving total resection of abdominal neuroblastoma combined with lymphadenectomy has not been reviewed in English literature. The aim of this study was to evaluate the significance and accuracy of laparoscopic resection of abdominal neuroblastoma. METHODS: Since July 1997, five patients with abdominal neuroblastoma underwent laparoscopic resection combined with lymphadenectomy or sampling of the lymph nodes. The length of operation, intraoperative blood loss, resectability, and complications were retrospectively reviewed and evaluated. RESULTS: Four cases were managed laparoscopically, but one case was converted to open procedure because of poor visualization around large vessels. The mean operation time was 135 min and the intraoperative blood loss 52 ml. CONCLUSIONS: Good visualization of the primary tumor and large vessels is, arguably, the most important factor for successful completion of this procedure laparoscopically. Precise indicators for laparoscopic resection of abdominal neuroblastoma provide a better prognosis and a good quality of life for children with neuroblastoma.     

Hepatic resection: value of operative ultrasound and ultrasonic dissection

Twenty-five patients having a major liver resection at the Austin Hospital were reviewed, 18 of whom had their operation after 1986. The indications were for metastatic disease in 14, hydatid in six and primary tumour in five. There were no operative deaths. Dissection was performed with the Cavitron Ultrasound Surgical Aspirator (CUSA) and peroperative ultrasound used in 18 and without in seven. Mean blood loss was 1.75 u in the CUSA group and 6.5 u in the non-CUSA group (P less than 0.05). It is concluded that intra-operative ultrasound and use of the CUSA makes major liver resection a more precise and less hazardous procedure.     

Double synchronous occluding tumors of the large bowel: A report of three cases

The development of acute large bowel obstruction secondary to colorectal cancer is very common and, while right hemicolectomy with a primary anastomosis is the accepted procedure for right-sided obstructing tumors, the different strategies performed for left-sided tumors, including staged procedures, Hartmann's procedure, and resection with anastomosis, remain a subject of controversy. We present herein the case reports of three patients who developed two synchronous occlusive tumors of the large bowel. Complete exploration of the entire colon is highly recommended to assess the most feasible therapeutic option in such cases, as the second occlusive tumor, often hidden within the bowel segments, can cause failure of limited resection or intestinal decompression.     

A bloodless technique for tongue surgery

The Cavitron Ultrasonic Surgical Aspirator (CUSA System) has been used at our institution in the resection of carcinoma of the tongue in 10 patients. This device is an ultrasonically powered aspirator that selectively fragments and aspirates tissue within a 1- to 2-mm radius of its tip. The technique used in our unit in tongue surgery was to incise the tough mucosal capsule of the tongue with electrocautery, and then to divide muscle and skeletonize blood vessels using the CUSA System. Smaller vessels, up to 2 mm in size, were cauterized directly by the friction created at the tip of the instrument. In this way, excellent control was available at all times and blood loss was consequently minimal. As our experience in the use of the CUSA System increased, blood loss was virtually eliminated, anatomic landmarks were more easily defined, and at no stage did any tongue necrosis occur in any of the patients of the series.     

Laparoscopic resection of the pancreatic tail with splenic preservation

OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of feasibility and efficacy of left resection of the pancreas with preservation of the splenic vessels and spleen as a laparoscopic procedure. BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic technique is used less often on the pancreas than on other organs. The most common indications are enucleation of endocrine-active tumors and distal resections for benign primary pancreatic lesions. An important premise of these operations is atraumatic removal of as little of the pancreas as possible and the preservation of the spleen and its main vessels. METHODS: Five patients aged 16 to 56 years, all female, underwent laparoscopic left resection of the pancreas with preservation of the splenic vessels and the spleen. There were 4 cases of benign epithelial tumors of the pancreas and 1 case of a left-sided adrenal cyst, which pre- and intraoperatively gave the impression of a pancreatic cystadenoma. RESULTS: In all 5 cases, the laparoscopic procedure was completed with preservation of the splenic vessels and the spleen itself. No patient required blood transfusion, and there was only 1 postoperative fluid collection at the site of the tumor resection, which was drained percutaneously on the fourth postoperative day. CONCLUSION: Distal pancreas resection can be performed as a laparoscopic procedure, with the usual advantages that this techniques has for the patient. Optimal closure of the cut edge of the pancreas and the preservation of the spleen and its main vessels are the most important aspects of this operation.     

22例小儿肝脏肿物的治疗体会

【摘要】〓目的〓探讨小儿肿物的临床特征、治疗方法及效果。方法〓回顾性分析我科在2011年1月~2013年6月收治22例小儿肝脏肿物的临床资料,17例患儿行手术治疗,8例肝母细胞瘤患儿术前进行了介入栓塞治疗,10例患儿手术过程中未阻断肝门,7例患儿手术应用了CUSA和(或)Ligasure能量平台。结果〓病理证实肝母细胞瘤14例,未分化胚胎性肉瘤1例,局灶性结节性增生3例,婴儿型血管内皮瘤2例,纤维性错构瘤1例,单纯性囊肿1例。肝切除手术应用CUSA和Ligasure的有8例,平均失血量为121 mL;钳夹法肝切除手术9例,平均失血量为248 mL;两组失血量间的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术中阻断肝门的有7例,平均失血量为170 mL;未阻断肝门的有10例,平均失血量为198.64 mL;两组失血量间的差异无统计学意义。手术7例良性肿瘤术后均无病生存。1例未分化肝胚胎性肉瘤手术后6个月死亡。14例肝母细胞瘤中,9例行手术切除患儿至今仍存活;5例未手术患儿4例死亡,1例存活。结论〓利用精准肝切除的方法治疗小儿肝脏占位性病变,不论良恶性,都是安全有效的,但对于侵犯肝门或超过3个肝叶以上的肿瘤还需进一步的提高治疗手段。     

Evaluation of the histopathology of brain tumor tissue obtained by ultrasonic aspiration

Ultrasonic aspiration has been widely adopted in the resection of tumors of the central nervous system. In the past, the tumor tissue fragments obtained have been discarded. To evaluate these fragments as possible sources of material for histopathological study and tissue culture, we compared the microscopic features and viability in tissue culture of CUSA tissue fragments and biopsies obtained by conventional methods. Two cases (a meningioma and a subependymal astrocytoma) are presented to demonstrate that these tissue fragments retain good preservation of histological detail and tissue culture viability. Because the quantity of tumor tissue available from the CUSA tissue trap is consistently greater than that obtained by standard biopsy methods, utilization of this material may facilitate pathological interpretation by providing a more representative sample of tumor histology as well as providing an adequate and sterile source of material for tissue culture studies.     

A case of pulmonary carcinoma removed safely from SVC by using CUSA

A 50-year-old man, who had his medical history of right pulmonary tuberculosis, was pointed out an abnormal shadow in the right upper mediastinum on the chest X-ray. Chest CT scan demonstrated a large tumor mass that was suspected to make partial invasions upon the great vessels (SVC and right PA). We could perform a safety removal of the tumor from the great vessels without perforation of vessels by using CUSA. The output of CUSA was set up 20-30% of the maximum (amplitude; 60-90 microns). The tumor came from rS2 and rS3 and was large cell carcinoma. Nevertheless taking a time, CUSA is a useful device for a bleeding-less tumor removal.     

Unclear retroperitoneal tumors,an interdisciplinary challenge – A case report and review of the literature

Introduction and importanceUnclear retroperitoneal tumors impose major challenges for clinicians. Tumors can originate primarily from retroperitoneal tissue or secondarily invade into the retroperitoneum. While benign lesions also occur, malignant tumors are far more common. Clinical presentation depends on replacement or invasion of other organs and is therefore highly variable. The heterogeneous tumor composition makes a definitive preoperative diagnosis difficult. Surgical resection is the gold standard for treatment but often proves challenging due to frequent involvement of large retroperitoneal vessels.Case presentationWe present the case of a 70-year old woman diagnosed with a large, unclear retroperitoneal tumor. Initial clinical symptoms were increasing dyspnea and dysphagia in our clinic. Gastroenterologic and cardiologic workup was unremarkable. Computed Tomography (CT) revealed a large retroperitoneal mass in the right upper abdomen with severe displacement of the inferior vena cava and renal veins. The patient was scheduled for primary tumor resection. The procedure was challenging due to the vessel involvement and large blood pressure alterations during tumor mobilization. The post-op pathologic workup then revealed the rare finding of a completely resected paraganglioma. The post-surgical course was uneventful. One year after diagnosis, the patient is relapse-free.Clinical discussionAmong retroperitoneal tumors, paragangliomas and pheochromocytomas are rare tumor entities. Asymptomatic, sporadic disease is hard to identify preoperatively and can cause unexpected complications in the OR. An experienced team is crucial in achieving best short- and long-term outcomes.ConclusionThis case impressively shows the challenges of retroperitoneal tumors and the importance of interdisciplinary work in these cases.     

Tumors at the aortoiliac/inferior vena cava bifurcation: preoperative, anesthetic, and intraoperative considerations

Primary and recurrent retroperitoneal tumors can involve the aortoiliac vasculature. They are often considered inoperable or incurable because of the locally advanced nature of the disease or the technical aspects involved in safely resecting the lesion. Safe resection of these lesions requires experience and extensive preoperative planning for success. A retrospective database review of 76 patients with retroperitoneal tumors identified tumors involving major vascular structures in the abdomen and pelvis undergoing resection of tumor en bloc with the aortoiliac vasculature. Preoperative planning and intraoperative technical maneuvers are reviewed. Patients were followed until time of this report. Four patients with retroperitoneal tumors involving the aortoiliac vessels underwent surgery: two patients with sarcoma (one primary and one recurrent), one with metastatic renal cell carcinoma, and one with a paraganglioma. All patients had resection of the aorta and vena cava or the iliac artery and vein. Arterial reconstruction (anatomic or extra-anatomic) was performed in all cases. The patient with renal cell carcinoma also required venous reconstruction to support a renal autotransplant. Veno-venous bypass was required in one patient. Local control was achieved in 3 of 4 cases. Surgery for retroperitoneal tumors involving major vascular structures is technically feasible with appropriate planning and technique. Multiple disciplines are required, including general surgical oncology, vascular surgery, and possibly, cardiothoracic surgery.     

Liver resection. A comparison using the Nd-YAG laser, an ultrasonic surgical aspirator, or blunt dissection

Before gaining wide acceptance, possible surgical tools should be compared with the standard ones. This study, therefore, compared the Nd-YAG laser and the CUSA with the standard blunt dissection technique for liver resection in 24 dogs (8 in each group). Using a noncontact technique, the Nd-YAG laser was used for cutting as well as coagulation. The Nd-YAG laser or the CUSA reduced the resection time, with the laser being the faster of the two, and was accompanied by a probable but not significant decrease in perioperative blood loss. The CUSA delineated the blood vessels and bile ducts and gave superior control. It also caused significantly less tissue damage on light and electron microscopic examination than the other two methods. Cultures taken 1 week after operation showed that the risk of bacterial infection correlated well with the extent of tissue necrosis and was significantly greater after use of the Nd-YAG laser than after use of the CUSA. The numbers of animals are small and the conclusions should be tempered by caution, but it appears that the CUSA, but not the Nd-YAG laser, may improve the results of elective liver resection.     

Surgical techniques and outcomes for primary nonseminomatous germ cell tumors

Patients with primary mediastinal nonseminomatous germ cell tumors are usually young men with large anterior mediastinal masses. The diagnosis can usually be established with measurement of serum tumor markers and a fine-needle aspiration biopsy. The mainstay of treatment is cisplatin-based chemotherapy. Resection of the residual postchemotherapy mass is usually necessary and is performed even with persistently elevated tumor markers if a clean resection is possible. The finding of necrotic tumor predicts long-term survival, whereas persistent germ cell cancer has a less favorable prognosis.     

Preoperative superselective arteriolar embolization: a new approach to enhance resectability of spinal tumors

The extent of surgical resection of spinal tumors is frequently limited by blood loss and technical difficulty associated with the vascularity of the tumors. We report here the use of superselective percutaneous arterial embolization to reduce the rate of blood loss at the time of surgical resection and enhance resectability. The types of tumors treated were metastatic renal carcinoma, metastatic thyroid carcinoma, metastatic melanoma, and giant cell tumor of the sacrum. Two of the patients required repeated embolization and surgery for recurrent symptoms. The estimated blood loss in seven of nine procedures performed on the six patients ranged from 300 to 800 ml, after which no transfusion was required. In two procedures, extensive resection of very large tumors resulted in larger losses of blood, and postoperative transfusion was necessary. No significant complications of embolization or surgery occurred. A key factor in our embolization technique is the use of microfibrillar collagen, which allows occlusion of tumor vessels as small as 20 microns and may prevent reconstitution of the embolized vessels by collateral flow. We conclude that preoperative arterial embolization enhances the resectability of a variety of spinal tumors by reducing intraoperative blood loss. This may provide an additional benefit by reducing the risk related to postoperative transfusion. By permitting a more aggressive surgical approach, the use of preoperative embolization also has the potential to improve outcome in patients with spinal tumors.     

Sutureless Repair of Major Intracranial Vessels with the Sundt Clip-Graft: Technical Note

Summary Major intracranial vessels can be damaged during tumor resection. With the availability of refined microvascular techniques, direct repair or by-pass of the damaged segment is possible. These methods, however, often require temporary occlusion of the offending vessel, can result in a less than optimal angiographic result, and are difficult to perform in a deep field. Additionally, in some patients direct repair or by-pass is not feasible because of the friability of the vessel or as a result of the large size of the tear. In these cases the Sundt clip-graft represents a valid adjunct to the armamentarium of the surgeon. Over the years, it has been used by the senior author in five patients where vascular injury occurred during the removal of brain tumors (3 meningiomas, one pituitary adenoma, and one low-grade glioma). In this report we illustrate our most recent experience with this ingenious tool. A 22-year-old man underwent resection of a recurrent left temporal lobe low-grade glioma. During resection of the tumor, a tear occurred in a branch of middle cerebral artery. The tear was repaired using a Sundt clip-graft. A post-operative angiogram, performed five days later, showed patency of the vessel with no evidence of wall irregularities. Described 30 years ago to be used primarily in aneurysm surgery, the Sundt clip-graft provides an excellent, too often forgotten, sutureless method of repairing intracranial vessels damaged during tumor removal.     

Use of ultrasonic surgical aspirator in renal surgery

The Cavitron ultrasonic surgical aspirator (CUSA) was used to fragment and aspirate normal and pathologic renal tissue. The operative blood loss utilizing the CUSA was markedly reduced compared to electrocautery or the cold scalpel. This is due to the ability of the instrument selectively to fragment and aspirate tissue with high-water content, such as renal parenchyma, while sparing tissue with higher elastin and collagen content, such as collecting system or blood vessel. The surgeon can therefore skeletonize and secure the blood vessels before they are divided.     

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??Abdominoinguinal incision in the resection of large soft tissue tumor at the area of iliac fossa??A report of 15 patients QIU Hui??Wu Jian-hui??LI Cheng-peng??et al. Sarcoma Center??Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute??Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education)??Beijing 100142??China
Corresponding author??HAO Chun-yi??E-mail??haochunyi@vip.sina.com
Abstract Objective To explore the safety and feasibility of abdominoinguinal incision in large tumors at the area of the iliac fossa. Methods A total of 15 cases of large tumor at the area of the iliac fossa were performed operation through the abdominoinguinal incision from August 2015 to February 2018 in Sarcoma Center of Peking University Cancer Hospital.The clinical data were analyzed retrospectively. Results Complete resection were successfully performed in all patients??13 R0 resection????combined with 13 colectomy??9 nephrectomy??4 total/partial cystectomy??4 adnexectomy/orchiectomy and 10 partial resection and reconstruction of external iliac vessels. The operation time and blood loss was 360 to 720 min and 500 to 8000 mL respectively. One wound infection??6.7%??was observed??and no patient died in hospital. Conclusion The abdominoinguinal incision has a good exposure for the removal of large tumors at the area of iliac fossa.The tumors could be resected integratedly and safely.     

Practical Usefulness of Ultrasonic Surgical Aspirator with Argon Beam Coagulation for Hepatic Parenchymal Transection

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and feasibility of using the Cavitron ultrasonic surgical aspirator (CUSA) with argon beam coagulation (ABC) during hepatic resection, in comparison with a conventional method using CUSA with bipolar cautery. Between April 2003 and March 2004, a series of 14 consecutive patients underwent hepatic resection of normal liver. Hepatectomies were performed using CUSA and bipolar irrigation electrocautery (BP) in eight patients between April 2003 and December 2003. CUSA and an ABC were used in six patients between January 2004 and March 2004. There were no differences in patient characteristics between the two groups. Blood loss per area of transected liver surface was significantly lower for CUSA with ABC than for CUSA with BP (2.9 ± l.44 vs. 6.33 ± 3.14 ml/cm²). Furthermore, the speed of resection, defined as resection time per area of transected liver surface, was significantly greater for CUSA with ABC than for CUSA with BP (0.53 ± 0.14 vs.2.18 ± 1.73 min/cm²). This new technique of combining CUSA with ABC can decrease blood loss during hepatic parenchymal transection and shorten the resection time.     

Ultrasound-guided radiofrequency thermal ablation of liver tumors: Percutaneous, laparoscopic, and open surgical approaches

Only 10% to 20% of patients with primary and colorectal metastatic liver tumors are candidates for curative surgical resection. Even after curative treatment, tumors recur commonly in the liver. As a less invasive therapy, radiofrequency thermal ablation (RFA) of primary, metastatic, and recurrent liver tumors was performed under percutaneous, laparoscopic, or open intraoperative ultrasound guidance. The safety and local control efficacy of RFA were investigated. RFA was performed mostly in patients with unresectable hepatomas or metastatic liver tumors. Patients with large tumors, major vessel or bile duct invasion, limited extrahepatic metastases, or liver dysfunction were not excluded. An RFA system with a 15-gauge electrode-cannula with four-pronged retractable needles was used. All patients were followed for more than 8 months to assess morbidity and mortality, and to determine tumor recurrence. Sixty RFA operations were performed in 46 patients: 11 patients underwent repeat RFA once or twice. A total of 204 tumors were treated: 70 hepatomas and 134 metastatic tumors. Tumor size ranged from 5 mm to 180 mm (mean 36 mm). RFA was performed in 29 operations for 81 tumors percutaneously, in seven operations for 14 tumors laparoscopically, and in 24 operations for 109 tumors by open surgery. Combined colorectal resection was carried out in five operations and combined hepatic resection was carried out in three operations. There was one death (1.7%) from liver failure, and there were three major complications (5%): one case of bile leakage and two biliary strictures due to thermal injury. There were no intra-abdominal infectious or bleeding complications. The length of hospital stay ranged from 0 to 2, 1 to 3, and 4 to 7 days for percutaneous, laparoscopic, and open surgical RFA, respectively. During a mean follow-up period of 20.5 months, local tumor recurrence at the RFA site was diagnosed in 18 (8.8%) of 204 tumors. The risk factors for local recurrence included large tumor size and major vessel invasion: recurrence rates for tumors less than 4 cm, 4 to 10 cm, and greater than 10 cm, and for those with vessel invasion were 3.3%, 14.7%) 50%) and 47.8%) respectively. Ten of 18 tumors recurring locally were retreated by RFA, and eight of them showed no further recurrence. Ultrasound-guided RFA is a relatively safe, well-tolerated, and versatile treatment option that offers excellent local control of primary and metastatic liver tumors. The appropriate use of percutaneous, laparoscopic, and open surgical RFA is beneficial in the management of patients with liver tumors in a variety of situations.