立体定向适形放射治疗前列腺癌30例临床分析

目的探讨立体定向适形放射治疗前列腺癌的临床应用价值。方法30例前列腺癌患者,26例放疗前行双侧睾丸切除术,20例同时服用内分泌治疗药物。全部采用WDVE-XKY808立体定向适形放射治疗系统照射前列腺靶区,5次/周,2 Gy/次,总剂量DT70~80 Gy。结果30例患者经立体定向适形放射治疗后3、6、12个月复查有效率分别为70%(21/30)、97%(29/30)、90%(27/30)6个月时病灶缩小最明显。1、3、5年总生存率分别为100.0%、85.0%、75.1%。结论立体定向适形放射治疗中晚期前列腺癌有较好的局部控制效果和较高的安全性,可作为前列腺癌姑息治疗的有效方法之一。     

68例食管癌三维适形放射治疗疗效观察

目的 探讨三维适形放射治疗(3D-CRT)食管癌的疗效.方法 采用3D-CRT治疗食管癌68例,常规分割2Gy/次,5次/周,总剂60～70Gy,6～7周.结果 1、3年局部控制率分别为80.9%和47.1%,1、3年生存率分别为76.4%和44.1%.毒副反应轻.结论 三维适形放射治疗食管癌能提高局部控制率和生存率,近期反应和远期反应均可耐受.     

三维适形放疗联合同步化疗治疗局部复发鼻咽癌的疗效分析

目的探讨三维适形放疗(3-DCRT)联合同步化疗治疗局部复发鼻咽癌的临床疗效。方法局部复发鼻咽癌患者36例采用3-DCRT治疗技术(总剂量DT:60⁷0 Gy/3070 Gy/30³5次,2 Gy/次,5次/周,参考剂量曲线选定为90%),同步予顺铂+5-氟尿嘧啶方案化疗,观察其临床疗效和毒副作用。结果治疗后135次,2 Gy/次,5次/周,参考剂量曲线选定为90%),同步予顺铂+5-氟尿嘧啶方案化疗,观察其临床疗效和毒副作用。结果治疗后1³个月内复查增强CT或MRI,获CR 15例(41.7%),PR 18例(50.0%),NC 2例(5.6%),PD 1例(2.7%),总有效率PR(CR+PR)为33例(91.7%)。1、2、3年生存率分别为95.1%、83.1%、57.5%。放射损伤包括听力丧失2例(5.6%)、张口困难10例(27.8%)、脑神经损伤6例(16.7%)。结论三维适形放疗联合同步化疗治疗鼻咽癌放疗后局部复发患者具有较高的近期疗效,毒副作用可耐受,放射损伤比例低,是一种可行、有效的方法。     

三维适形放疗结合化疗治疗直肠癌术后复发的临床研究

目的探讨三维适形放射治疗结合化疗治疗直肠癌术后复发的疗效.方法回顾性分析61例直肠癌术后复发患者采取首先给予常规放射治疗44 Gy/22次,再给予三维适形放射治疗加量3 Gy/次,共5～7次,肿瘤总量（DT）59～65 Gy/27～29次结合化疗（5-氟尿嘧啶0.75 g/m^2 ＋CF200 mg,d1～5和d29～33;顺铂40 mg/m^2,d1～3和d29～31）的疗效,生存分析采用Kaplan-Meier法.结果患者1、2、3年肿瘤局部控制率分别为86.9%、67.2%、37.7%;1、2、3年生存率分别为80.3%、62.3%、39.2%,中位生存期24.6个月;1、2、3年无瘤生存率分别为79.7%,52.5%、31.1%.急性放射反应主要是急性放射性肠炎和放射性膀胱炎,多为1～2级.结论三维适形放射治疗结合化疗可提高术后局部复发或转移直肠癌的控制率和生存率,改善其生存质量.     

食管癌三维适形放疗的近期临床疗效观察

目的观察三维适形放疗（3DCRT）治疗中晚期食管癌的近期临床疗效和不良反应。方法将62例经病理证实的食管鳞癌患者分成常规放疗组（常规组）32例和三维适形放疗组（适形组）30例。采用电子直线加速器的6 MV-X线进行放疗,常规放疗组处方剂量60～66 Gy,2 Gy/次,5次/w,6～7 w完成;三维适形放疗组的处方剂量为60～66 Gy,2 Gy/次,5次/w,6～7 w完成治疗。以治疗结束时和治疗结束后3个月复查食管钡餐造影资料作为评价依据。结果近期疗效评价中,常规组和适形组的有效率分别为81.3%和100%,两组比较差异有统计学意义（χ2=4.27,P〈0.05）;两组治疗的不良反应相近,患者可耐受。结论 3DCRT较常规放疗有优势,是治疗食管癌的有效方法。     

立体定向适形放射治疗颅内肿瘤70例疗效分析

目的分析70例颅内肿瘤经X线立体定向适形放射治疗后的临床疗效。方法利用XK808X-刀系统治疗70例,共77个病灶。本组病人共治疗3～10次,3～6Gy/次,处方剂量为DT45～65Gy,每次间隔1～2d。结果治疗3～12月后复查MRI,病灶消失者23个(CR33%),病灶缩小1/2或以上者31个(PR44%),病灶缩小1/2以下(NG17%),4个(PD6%),总有效率(CR+PR)达77%。结论立体定向适形放射治疗颅内肿瘤是一种无创伤性安全有效的方法,副作用小,它不同于一般外放疗,它的治疗次数虽少而瘤体受量高,疗效肯定,但要严格掌握适应证,注意并发症,优化剂量选择。     

晚期肿瘤引起阻塞性黄疸16例的三维适形放疗的临床疗效分析

目的评价三维适形放疗在晚期肿瘤引起的阻塞性黄疸(恶性阻黄)治疗中的价值。方法16例引起阻塞性黄疸的晚期肿瘤行三维适形放疗,采用分次照射,3 Gy/次,每周5次,总量为45~51 Gy。结果放疗后3月复查CT,CR 6.3%(1/16),PR 75%(12/16),NC18.8%(3/16),总有效率81.8%(13/16)。中位生存期9月。黄疸消退率100%,腹痛消退率85.7%(12/14)。副反应主要为轻度的恶心、呕吐、厌食和白细胞减少。结论三维适形放射治疗晚期肿瘤引起的阻塞性黄疸疗效好,毒副反应轻。     

原发性肝癌三维适形放射治疗疗效评价

目的探讨三维适形放疗原发性肝癌疗效。方法采用60Co机对101例中晚期原发性肝癌进行三维适形放疗。肿瘤靶体积为37～2160cm3。单次剂量2～3Gy，1次／d，5次／w，总照射剂量40～70Gy（平均53．7Gy）。结果完全缓解（CR）率为10．8，部分缓解（PR）率为44．5％，总有效率为55．3％。1、2、3年生存率分别为44．5％、16．8％、4．9％，中位生存期10个月。Cox回归分析提示放射性肝病为独立的预后因素（P=0．000）。结论三维适形放射治疗原发性肝癌有较好疗效，放射反应可以耐受。     

甘氨双唑钠配合三维适形放疗治疗老年肺癌的近期疗效观察

目的 探讨甘氨双唑钠对老年人肺癌三维立体适形放射治疗(3D-CRT)的放射增敏作用和安全性.方法 经病理证实的老年肺癌病人27例,均采用甘氨双唑钠增敏并配合三维立体适形放射治疗技术进行治疗.甘氨双唑钠剂量为800mg/m2,用100ml生理盐水稀释溶解,于30min内滴注完,3h内完成放疗;3D-CRT采用6MeV直线加速器,单次剂量5.0～6.0Gy,3次/周,总剂量40～42Gy/3～4周,应用剂量体积直方图(DVH)评估治疗计划,确保周围正常组织及敏感组织的受量在许可范围内.结果 CR 17例(63%),PR 10例(37%),CR PR达到100%,未见明显的毒副反应.结论 甘氨双唑钠具有明显的放射增敏作用,配合3D-CRT治疗老年人肺癌可取得较好的临床疗效.     

甘氨双唑钠增敏三维适形放疗治疗气管食管沟淋巴结转移分析

目的探讨经甘氨双唑钠增敏的三维适形放射治疗食管癌气管食管沟淋巴结(TGLN)转移的近期疗效。方法 53例的食管癌TGLN转移患者按治疗方法不同分为治疗组(27例)和对照组(26例)。治疗组行三维适形放疗,同时在行放疗前给予甘氨双唑钠800 mg/m2,加入100 ml生理盐水静脉滴注,30 min内滴完,用药后1 h内放疗,每周3次(周1、3、5用药),连续用药至放疗结束;对照组行单纯放疗。两组放疗均采用常规分割,总剂量60 Gy。结果治疗组与对照组局部控制率(CR+PR)分别为81.5%(22/27)和50%(13/26),1年生存率分别为81.5%(22/27)和34.65%(9/26),两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不良反应主要表现为放射性食管炎和白细胞下降,多为Ⅰ、Ⅱ级。结论甘氨双唑钠增敏三维适形放疗治疗食管癌TGLN转移可提高局部控制率和近期疗效,副作用可耐受。     

36例老年非小细胞肺癌患者三维适形放疗的疗效观察

目的 观察三维放射治疗(3D-CRT)治疗老年非小细胞肺癌患者的疗效和副反应.方法 2001年8月～2006年10月,应用3D-CRT技术治疗70岁以上非小细胞肺癌患者36例.以Leibinger三维放疗计划系统制订放疗计划,处方剂量为40～80Gy(中位剂量60Gy).其中采用低分割照射者24例,单次分割剂量5～8Gy,隔日照射,共8～12次照射;常规分割者12例,共30～40次照射.观察所有患者的肿瘤反应率,1、2年的生存率及治疗毒副作用.结果 33例患者治疗后临床症状获得改善,3例无变化.肿瘤获得完全缓解8例,部分缓解22例,肿瘤总反应率83.33%(30/36).全组生存时间为2～53个月,中位生存时间8个月,1年生存率66.67%,2年生存率36.11%.无严重并发症.结论 对于老年非小细胞肺癌患者,3D-CRT技术是一种安全有效的治疗手段,能够改善生存质量,提高生存率.     

适形放疗计划评估Ⅱ-Ⅲa期非小细胞肺癌术后放疗的临床剂量学研究

目的 探讨非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)术后三维适形放疗与传统常规照射在临床剂量学方而的差异.方法 选取术后存在高危复发因素的Ⅱ-Ⅲa期NSCLC患者30例,分别进行三维适形放疗计划设计和传统常规照射计划设计,通过剂量体积直方图(DVH),比较两种计划中靶区和正常组织的剂量分布优劣.结果 三维适形放疗计划的靶区适形指数(TCI)、靶区均匀性(TH)及临床靶区(CTV)最小剂量(Dmin)均明显高于传统常规照射计划(P＜0.01),心脏30％等剂量线包绕的计划靶体积(U30)、V40及脊髓CTV最大剂量(Dmax)、平均剂量(Dmean)均明显低于传统常规照射计划(P＜0.01),两肺V20、V30及食管V45、V50.与传统常规照射计划比较无明显差异(P＞0.05).结论 与传统常规照射比较,NSCLC术后三维适形放疗具有明显的临床剂量学优势,可减少心脏、脊髓等正常组织的受照量,但对食管、双肺无明显保护作用.     

非小细胞肺癌三维适形放射治疗后急性放射性肺损伤分析

目的 探讨非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)三维适形放射治疗后放射性肺损伤发生的相关因素,为提高NSCLC局部控制率和改善生存质量提供参考。方法 收集2000年8月至2004年12月符合入组条件接受三维适形放疗的非小细胞肺癌患者107例,其中全程三维适形放疗48例,59例前程行传统常规放疗,后程行三维适形放疗。全组患者均为根治性放疗,处方剂量60~78Gy,中位剂量66Gy。结果 全组患者放射性肺损伤发生率为62.6%,≥2级放射性肺损伤的发生率为38.3%,其中2级23例占21.5%,3级14例占13.1%,4级4例占3.7%。单因素分析显示,慢性阻塞性肺病、照射野个数、双肺接受的平均剂量、双肺V₅~V₄₀对≥2级放射性肺损伤的发生均有显著性影响,其中双肺平均剂量、双肺V₂₀、疗前伴慢性阻塞性肺病为影响放射性肺损伤发生的独立性因素。 结论 NSCLC接受三维适形放疗者,应严格限制双肺接受的平均剂量和双肺V₂₀,尤其对放疗前伴有慢性阻塞性肺病者更应高度重视避免严重放射性肺损伤的发生。     

Does Treatment of the Pelvic Nodes with IMRT Increase Late Rectal Toxicity over Conformal Prostate-Only Radiotherapy to 76 Gy?

PURPOSE: To compare late rectal toxicity rates after three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy to the prostate alone (P-3D-CRT) and whole-pelvis intensity-modulated radiotherapy along with a prostate boost (WP-IMRT/PB) to the same nominal total dose to the prostate. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 68 patients treated with conformal radiotherapy to the prostate only to 76 Gy at the National Institute for Cancer Research, Genoa, Italy, represented the first group (P-3D-CRT). The second group consisted of 45 patients treated at the University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX, USA, with IMRT covering the pelvic nodes and seminal vesicles to 54 Gy at 1.8 Gy per fraction and the prostate to 60 Gy in the same 30 fractions. A separate phase boosted the prostate to 76 Gy (WP-IMRT/PB). Major aspects of planning were remarkably similar at both institutions leaving the inclusion or not of pelvic nodes as the main treatment-related difference between the two groups. Late rectal toxicity was prospectively scored according to the RTOG scale. All patients have a 12-month minimum follow-up, and mean follow-up, similar in both groups, is 25.9 months (SD [standard deviation]: 8.4 months). RESULTS: At 2 years, the estimated cumulative incidence of grade 2 late rectal toxicity is 6%+/-4% for WP-IMRT/PB and 21.2%+/-6% for P-3D-CRT (p=0.06). The difference became significant (HR [hazard ratio]=0.1, 95% CI [confidence interval]: 0.0-0.6; p=0.01) at multivariate analysis. None of the patients developed grade 3+ toxicity. CONCLUSION: Despite the larger treated volume, WP-IMRT/PB allows more rectal sparing than P-3D-CRT.     

立体定向适形放疗治疗原发性肝癌的近期疗效分析

目的 观察立体定向适形放疗治疗原发性肝癌的近期疗效.方法 28例原发性肝癌患者经Elscint twin flash 螺旋CT机定位后,用Leibinger三维放疗计划系统拟制放疗计划,在Varian直线加速器上实施治疗.平均随访时间为12个月.分析肿瘤反应率、放疗后无肝内肿瘤进展率及放疗后12个月生存率,观察治疗毒副作用.结果 放疗后肿瘤体积反应率为85.7%,放疗后12个月无肝内肿瘤进展率为38.4%,放疗后12个月生存率为70.5%.存活患者无晚期肝损伤.结论 立体定向适形放疗治疗肝癌的毒性较小,对提高肝内肿瘤的局部控制率有一定意义.     

Influence of Organ at Risk Definition on Rectal Dose-Volume Histograms in Patients with Prostate Cancer Undergoing External-Beam Radiotherapy

PURPOSE: To evaluate rectal dose-volume relations during three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy of patients with prostate cancer by means of different rectal volume contours. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 55 patients with prostate cancer underwent three-dimensional conformal external-beam radiotherapy. Rectal dose-volume histograms were calculated for four separately contoured rectal volumes in all patients resulting in four groups. In group 1 the outer rectal wall was contoured two CT slices above and below the planning target volume. The rectal contour of group 2 was drawn from the anal verge up to the sigmoid. Furthermore, the posterior half of the rectum was contoured for both volumes mentioned above (groups 1a and 2a). Statistical analysis was then performed using nonparametric Wilcoxon tests. RESULTS: The mean target dose was 72.9 Gy (standard deviation [SD] +/- 2.1 Gy). The minimum target dose was 70.2 Gy. Mean rectum dose (+/- SD) over all patients was 50.7 Gy (+/- 4.6 Gy), 45.2 Gy (+/- 5.4 Gy), 43.2 Gy (+/- 4.2 Gy), and 38.7 Gy (+/- 5.5 Gy) for group 1, 2, 1a, and 2a, respectively. The corresponding volumes receiving > or = 70 Gy for groups 1 and 2 were 14.0% (+/- 5.3%) and 11.9% (+/- 4.5%). These differences were statistically significant. Comparison of minimum and mean rectal dose also revealed a statistically significant difference toward higher doses in groups 1 and 1a (p < 0.001). Maximum rectal doses for groups 1 and 2 as well as for groups 1a and 2a revealed no statistically significant difference (p = 1.0). CONCLUSION: Data from the literature on normal-tissue complication probability (rectal bleeding) refer to different rectal contours. When applying dose restrictions to the rectum, contouring becomes a significant factor that determines the risk of rectal toxicity. The results of this study show that different ways of rectal contouring significantly influence doses to the rectum. The influence of organ at risk contouring should be considered thoroughly in conformal radiotherapy of prostate cancer patients, especially in dose escalation studies. It is recommended to calculate the doses for absolute rectal volumes and correlate these data with toxicity in order to be able to achieve comparable results among different institutions.     

Favorable clinical outcomes of three-dimensional computer-optimized high-dose-rate prostate brachytherapy in the management of localized prostate cancer

PURPOSE: To report PSA relapse-free survival and toxicity outcomes of prostate cancer patients who have undergone three-dimensional computer-optimized high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy with external beam radiotherapy as definitive treatment. METHODS AND MATERIALS: One hundred five patients consecutively treated between 1998 and 2004 are reported. All patients were treated with HDR boost with lr 192 (5.5-7.0 Gy), based upon postimplant CT three-dimensional treatment planning using an in-house treatment plan optimization algorithm. Three-dimensional conformal external beam radiotherapy (45-50.4 Gy) was also administered 3 weeks after the HDR procedure. Toxicity was measured using National Cancer Institutes Common Toxicity Criteria and International Prostate Symptom Score indices. RESULTS: With a median followup of 44 months (8-79 months), the 5-year PSA relapse-free survival outcomes for low, intermediate and high-risk patients were 100%, 98%, and 92%, respectively, Median urinary toxicity, and 93% of patients denied rectal problems at the time of last followup. Erectile dysfunction was noted in 47% patients at the time of last followup, but overall 80% were able to achieve vaginal penetration when those who responded to sildenafil were included. CONCLUSION: Computer-optimized three-dimensional HDR prostate brachytherapy provides excellent disease control for even high risk localized prostate cancer. Significant toxicity has been minimal.