Atrophic gastritis after Billroth I gastrectomy.

The gastric mucosa of a stomach resected according to Billroth I operation is subject to a process of aging twice as intense as that of a non-resected one. Atrophy after Billroth I gastrectomy increased by 3% on an average per annum. As a result, a typical distribution of degrees of inflammation in the region of the greater curvature became evident. Atrophic gastritis occurres especially near the anastomosis and decreases in the direction of the fornix. The possibility is discussed that resected patients--in contrast to non-resected--are afflicted with stomach cancer primarily on account of the more intense and earlier mucosal atrophy.     

Afferent loop syndrome presenting as enterolith after Billroth II subtotal gastrectomy: a case report

We present a rare late-onset (after 24 years) complication of gastric surgery with a combination of afferent loop syndrome associated with a large duodenal stone. The patient, who had undergone Billroth II partial gastrectomy for benign ulcer 24 years before, developed abdominal pain in the right upper quadrant, associated with nausea, vomiting, and high grade fever. Abnormal laboratory values included elevated liver function test, suggesting a pressure-related phenomenon. Leukocytosis and a high level of platelets were also found. Only computed tomography and endoscopy of the upper gastrointestinal tract confirmed the diagnosis of a huge stone in the dilated duodenal afferent loop. To our knowledge, a case like this has not been reported previously in the literature.     

远端胃切除术后毕I式和Roux-en-Y手术的临床研究

目的比较远端胃切除术后行Billroth I(B-Ⅰ,毕Ⅰ)式重建手术和Roux-en-Y(RY)重建手术病人的术后结果及临床疗效。方法选择53例病人分为B-Ⅰ重建组(n=28)及RY重建组(n=25),对其并发症、术后住院时间进行比较；术后6个月随访内镜评估残胃的胆汁反流及感染和食管下端的状况。结果两组在手术时间、失血量比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0．05)。行RY重建手术的25例病人术后住院时间为(18．00±5．20)d,B-Ⅰ组病人术后住院时间为(32．80±23．60)d,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0．05)。内镜检查显示术后残胃的感染程度RY组低于B-Ⅰ组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0．05)。然而,B-Ⅰ组中和RY组中出现食管下端感染的病人分别有8例(28．57%)和8例(32．00%)。两组比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0．05)。结论RY重建手术能有效地阻止十二指肠胃反流及其引发的残胃炎,但不能阻止食管炎,同时RY重建手术增加了诱发梗阻的发生频率,导致术后住院时间延长,因此远端胃切除术后行RY式重建方法与B-Ⅰ式相比优势有限。     

Small-bowel perforations related to endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in patients with Billroth II gastrectomy.

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is one of the mainstays in the diagnosis and treatment of hepatobiliary and pancreatic diseases, and is also increasingly used for patients with previous Billroth II gastrectomy. The aim of this study was to review our experience of ERCP in patients with Billroth II gastrectomy, and the complications associated with this procedure. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The records of 110 patients with Billroth II gastrectomy, treated between January 1993 and December 1997, were received retrospectively. Details noted included indications for ERCP, therapeutic interventions, causes of failure, and complications. RESULTS: A total of 110 patients underwent ERCP; the total number of ERCP attempts was 185. The major indications for ERCP were cholangitis (31%), common bile duct stones (22%), and jaundice (15%). The endoscope was successfully passed up to the papilla in 134 examinations (71%), and selective cannulation was successful in 122 of these (66%). There were 63 (34%) failed ERCP attempts. Causes of failure were: difficulty in entering the afferent loop (n = 19, 10%), failure to enter the duodenum (n = 23, 12%), endoscope-related bowel perforation (n = 9, 5%), and failed cannulation (n = 10, 6%). The other two failures were caused by desaturation in the patient, and inability to distend the duodenum. The major complication of the procedure was perforation, which occurred in 11 examinations (6%). Of these perforations, nine occurred in the small bowel while the endoscope was being manipulated through the afferent loop; these patients required laparotomy. Two patients had retroduodenal perforations, one occurring after sphincterotomy and one after cannulation. Both patients were successfully managed conservatively. Three patients suffered bleeding after sphincterotomy (3/185 procedures, 1.6%), and one patient developed acute pancreatitis. These were managed conservatively. The overall complication rate was 8%. There were two deaths among the patients with small-bowel perforations, and consequently an overall mortality rate of 1% (2/185 procedures). CONCLUSIONS: Most complications of ERCP in patients with previous Billroth II gastrectomy were caused by bowel perforation while the endoscope was being manipulated through the afferent limb. Such perforations are intraperitoneal and require surgical intervention.     

Effect of fats on the emptying function of the gastric stump and small intestine in patients after gastrectomy by the Billroth II method

The influence of the preliminary fat intake on the rate of contrast capsules administered with semolina porridge and morning breakfast evacuation from the gastric stump and small intestine was studied in 39 patients with gastric resection according to Billroth II by means of the x-ray method suggested for quantitation of evacuatory function of the gastrointestinal tract. It is established that the preliminary intake of fat promoted a statistically significant deceleration of gastric stump emptying of the capsules and of the time of their supply to the cecum and colon regardless of the food amount and caloric value. It is suggested that in conditions of excluded food passage via the duodenum the suppression of evacuatory function of the gastric stump and small intestine is mediated by intestinal hormones (enteroglucagon, neurotensin and gastrin-inhibiting polypeptide) released from endocrine cells of the small intestinal mucosa under the effect of fat hydrolysis products.     

Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D and urinary cyclic AMP in German patients with subtotal gastrectomy (Billroth II).

In an attempt to clarify the pathogenesis of the disturbed calcium metabolism which sometimes follows partial gastrectomy, we determined plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-D) concentrations and urinary cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) excretion in patients who had previously undergone Billroth II gastrectomy and who were without clinical evidence of bone disease. In 17 Billroth II patients plasma 25-OH-D concentrations were reduced (12.6 +/- 4.6 ng/ml, mean +/- SD) compared to values in 17 control patients with diseases not affecting calcium metabolism (31.6 +/- 12.9 ng/ml, P less than 0.001). Urinary cAMP excretion, in part reflecting parathyroid function, was higher in 17 Billroth II patients (5.0 +/- 2.5 micronmol/day) than in the control patients (2.6 +/- 1.3 micronmol/day, P less than 0.001). These results suggest impaired nutrition of vitamin D and secondary hyperparathyroidism in Billroth II patients. While the cause of this phenomenon is unclear, it may contribute to the disturbance of calcium metabolism in patients who have had subtotal gastrectomy.