直面"非典"危机--对大学生心理素质教育的几点认识

一场突如其来的“非典”灾难，打破了校园生活的平静，它将莘莘学子从日常生活和学习中拉到一个完全陌生的现实。“非典”这一人类从未遇到过的疾病，由于它的致死性和高度传染性，不可避免地造成人们的恐慌，带来很多心理上的困扰。“非典”考验着每个人。面对“非典”危机，校园中的大学生们     

非典患者心理护理体会

非典患者常常伴有焦虑、抑郁、烦燥、绝望、失眠等精神症状，并由此导致患者不配合治疗，从而直接影响到非典患者的治疗效果。过度的紧张、焦虑等不安全因素会造成机体免疫力下降，最终失去抗非典病毒感染的防御能力和自愈能力，为了避免患者负性情绪，因此，对非典患者实施心理护理至关重要。以下是笔者在小汤山医院工作期间，对46例非典患者实施心理护理体会。     

战胜"非典"恐惧

面对突如其来的非典威胁 ,很多人会产生恐惧和恐慌 ,尤其是心理素质差的人 ,更容易产生精神紧张 ,甚至绝望和自杀。因此 ,很多专家认为 ,对非典的恐惧其实比非典本身的危害还要严重。人们的恐惧主要来自实际的威胁、对非典的无知、谣言、迷信以及对未来的迷茫 ,还有一些恐惧来自接触史、相似症状、被隔离等原因。要消除对非典的恐惧 ,除了通过各种途径了解与非典有关的信息、采取有效的防护措施外 ,本文特介绍几种简单、有效的心理防卫方法。1　松弛法当你感觉很紧张、快崩溃时 ,先摇摇头 ,暗示自己说 :“我什么也不想了。”然后 ,使劲吹气 …     

SARS病区不同科室护理人员心理状况分析及干预

由于“非典”事发突然，传染性强，危及人民健康和生命安全，导致公众出现担忧、疑虑和恐慌等多种心理变化，而SARS病区的护士直接面对病人，责任重大，更容易产生较大的工作压力和心理压力，其情绪和行为将直接影响到病人的治疗效果。本文旨在了解SARS病区不同科室护理人员的心理状况，以便针对性地采取干预措施，消除由于工作的特殊性和压力带来的不良心理反应。     

SARS患者的心理护理

SARS又名非典型性肺炎 ,简称“非典”。它是肺部感染了变异的冠状病毒而引发的以咳嗽、发烧为主要症状的疾病 ,传染性很强 ,起病急 ,病程发展快 ,治疗不及时 ,可危及生命。在我国SARS流行期间 ,造成人们很大的恐慌 ,谈“非”色变 ,而在我们隔离病房的“非典”患者更是可想而知。病痛的折磨 ,对疾病的恐惧 ,亲人又不能在身边陪护 ,使患者孤独、焦虑、极度恐慌而产生失眠、情绪不稳定甚至出现幻觉等不良反应。如何做好这些患者的心理护理 ,使他们的情绪逐渐稳定下来以很好的配合治疗 ,对于隔离区工作的护理人员来讲 ,是一个非常重要的课题…     

非疫区恐非典人群情绪障碍的研究

目的：探讨对非疫区恐非典人群的焦虑、抑郁情绪障碍的研究.方法：本采用抑郁、焦虑自评量表以问卷的形式，对60例病人进行焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)评分与健康自愿60人配对对照研究。结果：研究显示非疫区恐非典60例患SAS、SDS与我国常摸比较有显性差异，与正常60人(没有产生对非典恐惧情绪)配对对比，有显性差异；与不同职业比较无显差异；女性SAS评分与男性比较有显性差异，而SDS评分男女无显差异。结论：非疫区恐非典患的情绪障碍与精神心理因素相关，普遍存在焦虑和抑郁情绪。     

"SARS"恐怖症的认知心理治疗一例报告

在“非典”(SARS)流行期间，许多人对此病都会产生不同程度的恐怖情绪，这是很正常的现象。随着“SARS”的控制，这些恐怖情绪就会自然消失。本人报告的此例“SARS”恐怖症是在“SARS”控制以后，恐怖症状一直存在，是属于恐怖症的一个新亚型。     

抗击"非典"斗争之后的思索--浅议"恐非"心理障碍及其应对措施

2003年7月5日,世卫组织决定把中国台湾地区从非典疫区名单上排除,这标志着全球抗击非典斗争取得了阶段性胜利。但人们仍不能掉以轻心,世界还没有完全摆脱非典的威胁。因为在“非典”爆发流行阶段,这个死亡率几达5.9％的传染性疾病,引起中国乃至世界的恐慌,“恐非”心理障碍一度在人群中普遍存在。“非典”风雨之后,“恐非”心理障碍如何发生、有何表现,又该如何应对?是值得人们认真思索的问题。 1 “恐非”心理障碍产生的原因和典型表现 “非典”可以说是一个比较重要的应激源。人们生活在     

预防“非典”之八大误区

2003年一种叫做SARS(即非典型肺炎,简称“非典”)的病毒开始在中华大地乃至全球肆虐,吞噬了数百个鲜活的生命,引起了无数人的恐慌。误区一:聚众聊非典为有效控制非典疫情的蔓延,一些学校停课、娱乐场所停业,一些公司单位也提前放假了。但是,在小区里、居民楼边随之出现了一种现象在家呆闲了呆闷了呆不住了的人们聚众聊非典,这十分不利于非典的预防。心理学者认为,人们在恐慌的时候会去寻求一种归属感,会寻求社会支持     

语文教学境界的"灵活创新"

教学境界是以教的境界为起点，以学的境界为结果的统一过程，教师是这一过程的创造者，学生的学习状态和呼应程度是其标志。教学境界的表现多种多样，其中凡是能满足学生需要的教学境界，学生就会产生轻松、愉悦、喜好等积极的情绪体验；反之，学生则会产生烦闷、厌恶等消极的情绪体验，显然“灵活创新”应是语文教师追求的至善境界。考察分析“灵活创新”的教学境界，体现在下列几个方面。１乐趣是“灵活创新”的前提科学研究表明：一个人对所做的事乐意为之，他的全部才能可发挥８０％以上；不乐意为之，只能发挥２０％。学习活动亦是如此…     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF SERUM CYTOKINES IL-1β,sIL-2R,IL-6,TNF-α,AND IFN-v IN ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME

Objectives To explore serum cytokines levels (including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v) and their significance in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and the subsequent follow-ups, with attempt to estimate the role of various serum inflammatory markers in the diagnosis and assessment of ACS.Methods The study population include 40 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 40 patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP), and 40 controls. Among the 80 patients, 60 patients attended a follow up 4 months later. Serum inflammatory markers including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Results Serum IL- 1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α were significantly higher in AMI group or UAP group compared to the control group and became significantly lower 4 months later in the follow-up patients. Serum levels of IFN-v shows no significant difference between AMI group or UAP group and controls, also showing no significant change when measured in follow up patients. There was no correlation between serum creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme levels and serum inflammatory markers either in UAP or AMI group. Furthermore, when divided into two subgroups using Wagner's QRS scoring system in the AMI group, there is no difference of each serum inflammatory marker between ≤ 6 scores group and ＞ 6 scores group.Conclusion Serum levels of certain inflammatory markers may have some diagnostic value for ACS, and can be a useful marker reflecting disease stability.     

Possible Spread of adenovirus type 3 from poultry to humans ：indirect evidence from an outbreak in China

Objective:To explore the epidemiology and etiology for an outbreak of acute respiratory tract infection that occurred in one county of Jiangsu Province, China 2004. Methods: Only cases meeting the case definition were included in the study. We reviewed the medical records of the cases who were admitted to the local hospitals, interviewed cases by a standard questionnaire, and then described the epidemiotogic features and analyzed risk factors by means of a case-control study. We collected pharyngeal swab specimens and sent them to different laboratories for isolation and culture. The laboratory used different detection methods such as DIP, PCR, electron microscope examination and microneutralization assay, to identify and then type the positive specimens. Results:A total of 871 cases were reported during the period from April 18 to July 4,2004. The distribution of onset times presented two peaks, one in late May and another in middle June. The epidemic occurred mainly in the elementary and junior high schools in ten townships of one county, and the mean age of the cases was 12 years (range 7 months to 18 years). The course of the disease was acute, and was characterized by fever accompanied with sore throat and tonsillitis. The WBC count of cases was normal or elevated. The mean duration of illness was 5 days (range 2 to 12 days). No fatalities from illness were reported. A case-control study indicated that the possible risk factors were close contact with a case and/or poultry before onset and sharing of towels among members of the family. The typical CPE was observed through inoculating pharyngeal swab specimens into the HEP-2 cell cultures in different laboratories. An infection of adenovirus type 3 was verified by detecting positive specimens in different methods. Conclusion:This investigation demonstrated that the acute respiratory infection in cases was caused by adenovirus type 3. Cases occurred in over 70 schools in ten townships in 2004, and the route of transmission was possibly close contact with cases or droplet transmission.