Effects of Isoquinolinesulphonamide Compounds on Multidrug-resistant P388 Cells

Abstract— The effects of eight isoquinolinesulphonamide compounds on resistance to vinblastine in adriamycin-resistant mouse leukaemia cells (P388/ADR) which overexpress the relative molecular weight (M_r) 140 kDa P-glycoprotein in the plasma membrane were investigated. N-[2-(Methylamino)ethyl]-5-isoquinolinesulphonamide (H-8) and N-(2-aminoethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulphonamide (H-9) did not reverse vinblastine resistance. N-[2-[N-[3-(4-Chlorophenyl)-2-propenyl]amino]ethyl]-5-isoquinolinesulphonamide (H-86) and N-[2-[N-[3-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-methyl-2-propenyl]amino]ethyl]-5-isoquinolinesulphonamide (H-87) caused accumulation of intracellular vinblastine and inhibition of vinblastine efflux from the cells and reversed the resistance. Addition of an aminoethyl group to the nitrogen atom of the sulphonamide group (W-66) or a formyl group at the terminal amino group (H-85) of H-86 reduced those activities. Conversion of the chlorophenyl group of H-87 to pyridinyl (H-31) or furanyl (H-34) markedly decreased activities against the drug resistance. The activity against vinblastine accumulation closely correlated with the apparent partition coefficient of compounds. These compounds dose-dependently inhibited photoaffinity labelling of a photosensitive analogue of vinblastine, N-(p-azido-(3-[¹²⁵I])salicyl)-N′-β-aminoethylvindesine ([¹²⁵I]NASV), and there was a good correlation between inhibition of [¹²⁵I]NASV-photolabelling and hydrophobicity. Although these isoquinolinesulphonamides inhibited protein kinase A with different magnitudes, this activity did not correlate with the effect on the drug resistance. These results indicate that isoquinolinesulphonamide compounds with a hydrophobic group interact with antitumour drugs on P-glycoprotein and reverse multidrug resistance without involvement of their activity on protein kinase A.     

Reaktionen von 2-Amino-imidazo[2,1-b]-1,3,4-thiadiazolen mit Dicarbonsäureestern in Polyphosphorsäure (PPA)

Reactions of 2-Aminoimidazo[2,1-b]-1,3,4-thiazoles with Ethyl Dicarboxylates in Polyphosphoric Acid (PPA) The 2-amino-6-arylimidazo[2,1-b]-1,3,4-thiadiazoles 1d,e cyclise on heating in polyphosphoric acid (PPA) with ethyl malonate or ethyl diethylmalonate to yield the 2-aryl-6,8-dioxodihydro-6H-imidazo[2,1-b]-1,3,4-thiadiazolo[3,2-a] pyrimidines 3d,e or the 7,7-diethyl compounds 4d,e . Compounds 1a – f cyclise in PPA with ethyl succinate or ethyl phthalate to yield the 6-aryl-2-succinimido- or 6-aryl-2-phthalimido-imidazo[2,1-b]-1,3,4-thiadiazoles 5a, b, d-f and 6a – f . Compounds 1d,e were condensed with ethyl oxalate to yield the 2-(ethoxycarbonyl-formylamino)-6-arylimidazo[2,1-b]-1,3,4-thiadiazoles 7d,e. Ethyl levulinate with 1d,e in PPA probably forms 6-aryl-2-(2-methyl-5-oxo-Δ³-pyrrolino)imidazo [2,1-b]-1,3,4-thiadiazoles.     

Synthesis characterization and biological evaluation of some alkoxyphthalimide derivatives of 3-(4-substituted phenyl)-6,6-diphenyl-3,3a-dihydro-2H-imidazo[2,1-b]pyrazolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazol-7(6H)-one

A series of 2-N-ethoxyphthalimido 3-(4-substitutedphenyl)-6,6-diphenyl-3,3a-dihydro-2H-imidazo[2,1-b]pyrazolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazol-7(6H)-one(7a–e) and 4-(4-substituted phenyl)-2-(N-ethoxyphthalimido amino)-7,7-diphenylimidazo[2′,1′:2,3][1,3]thiazolo[4,5-d] pyrimidin-8(7H)-one (9a–e) have been designed and synthesized starting from thiohydentoin (1). The structure of all synthesized compounds has been established by IR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR and mass studies. These compounds have been screened for antimicrobial activities in order to evaluate the possibility of the derivatives to be used as potential chemotherapeutic agents.     

1-[2-(N-甲基-N-取代苄基)氨基-2-(2,4-二氟苯基)乙基]-1H-1,2,4-三唑类化合物的合成及抗真菌活性

目的:1-[2-(N-甲基-N-取代苄基)氨基-2-(2,4-二氟苯基) 乙基]-1H-1,2 ,4-三唑类化合物的合成及抗真菌活性研究。方法:通过付-克反应、三唑烷基化、酮亚胺还原和Leuckart 反应,得到关键中间体,然后通过N-烷基化反应制得目标化合物,并用二倍稀释法测定了体外抑菌活性。结果:合成了23 个1-[2-(N-甲基-N-取代苄基) 氨基-2-(2,4-二氟苯基)乙基]-1H-1 ,2,4-三唑类化合物,均为首次报道。所有目标化合物对8 种致病真菌均有不同程度的抗真菌活性。大部分化合物对Candida.albicans 和Candida.parapsilosis 的抗菌活性明显高于布替萘芬,其中1 ,2 ,6 ,13,14 ,19 对Candida.albicans 的抗菌活性是益康唑的8～32 倍,2,13 对Cryptococcu.neoformans 的抗菌活性是布替萘芬的4～8 倍,是益康唑64 ～128 倍。所有化合物对Microsporum .canis 的抗菌活性均高于或相当于益康唑。结论:其中一些化合物显示了较强抗真菌的活性,值得进一步研究。     

Mehrcyclische Azine mit Heteroatomen in 1- und 3-Stellung. 41. Mitt. Synthese heterocyclischer Immunmodulatoren. 3. Mitt.: Darstellung von N-1-substituierten 3-(2-Mercaptoethyl)chinazolin-2,4(1H,3H)-dionen über Bis[2-(2-amino-benzoylamino)ethyl]disulfane und Prüfung auf immunstimulatorische Wirksamkeit

Synthesis of N-1-Substituted 3-(2-Mercaptoethyl)quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-diones via Bis[2-(2-amino-benzoylamino)ethyl]sulfanes and Test for Immuno-Stimulating Activity A 3-step synthesis, starting from substituted isatoic anhydride was used to prepare substituted 3-(2-mercaptoethyl)quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-diones 4 . Reaction of 1 with cystamine afforded bis[2-(2-amino-benzoylamino)ethyl]disulfanes 2 . Reaction of 2 with ethyl chloroformate and subsequent reduction of the heterocyclic disulfanes 3 gave mercaptoethylquinazoline-2,4-diones 4a – f . N-1 methyl and benzyl substituted derivatives 4b and 4c , respectively, show immuno-show immuno-stimulating activity in various tests.     

Synthesis of Potentially Antineoplastic Derivatives of N-[N-(2-Chloroethyl)-N-nitrosocarbamoyl]amino Acids

The synthesis of N-[N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-nitrosocarbamoyl]amino acids and their anilides, congeners of N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-nitrosoureas, as potential antineoplastic substances is reported. N-[N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-nitrosocarbamoyl]amino acids are prepared by reaction of amino acids with N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-nitrosocarbamoyl azide. Corresponding anilides and toluidides are obtained by condensation of the primary reaction products with aniline and toluidine using dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC).     

Novel Antiinflammatory Analgesics: 3-(2-/4-Pyridylethyl)-Benzoxazolinone and Oxazolo[4,5-β]pyridin-2-one Derivatives

Twenty-two new 3-[2-(2-and/or 4-pyridyl)ethyl]benzoxazolinone and oxazolo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-one derivatives have been synthesized by reacting 2-and/or 4-vinylpyridine and appropriate benzoxazolinones and oxazolo[4,5-b]pyridine-2-one. Their chemical structures have been proven by IR, ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR, mass spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. The analgesic activities of these compounds were investigated by a modified Koster′s Test. Test results revealed that, at 100 mg/kg dose level, most of the compounds showed significant analgesic activities when compared to aspirin. Therefore the compounds were screened for their antiinflammatory activities using the carrageenan hind paw edema test. Compounds 1, 7, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 18, 20, 21 were found more active than indomethacine. In gastric ulceration studies gastrointestinal bleeding was not observed at 100 mg/kg dose level in compounds 1 and 2 .     

Cytotoxic constituents from the skin of the toad Bufo bufo gargarizans

To study the chemical composition of the skin of Bufo bufo gargarizans, various chromatographic methods were used in the isolation procedures and the structures of isolated compounds were determined based on NMR and MS analysis. As a result, two new compounds were isolated from its ethanolic extract and characterized as N-[2-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-N-methylurea (1) and 19-oxocinobufotalin 3-adipoylarginine ester (2), together with 11 known compounds. Isolated bufadienolides showed significant inhibition effect against human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line SMMC-7721 in vitro.     

Identification,isolation and characterization of process-related impurities in Rizatriptan benzoate

Three process-related impurities were observed in routine monitoring of the samples by HPLC. These impurities were identified by LC–MS. One of the impurities, Imp-3 [rizatriptan-2,5-dimer] was reported in literature. Other two impurities were isolated by preparative HPLC and characterized by NMR, Mass and IR. Pure impurities obtained by isolation were co-injected with Rizatriptan benzoate sample to confirm the retention times in HPLC. Structure elucidation of these impurities by spectral data has been discussed in detail. These impurities were identified as 4-(5-((1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)methyl)-3-(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)-1H-indol-1-yl)-4-(5-((1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)methyl)-3-(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)-1H-indol-2-yl)-N,N-dimethylbutan-1-amine [rizatriptan-1,2-dimer] and [4,4-bis-(5-((1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)methyl)-3-(2-(dimethylamino)-ethyl)-1H-indol-2-yl)-N,N-dimethylbutan-1-amine [rizatriptan-2,2-dimer].     

Nachweis der Inversion bei der Umsetzung optisch aktiver 1-(0-Hydroxymethyl-benzyl)-N-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisochinoline zu 3-Phenylisochromanen

Conversion of 1-[2-(Hydroxymethyl)benzyl]-N-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines to 3-Phenylisochromans: Evidence of Inversion. Optically active 1-[2-(hydroxymethyl)benzyl]-N-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines react with ethyl chloroformate (CAE) to yield optically active 3-phenylisochromans. Oxidation to the 3-phenylisochroman-1-ones and degradation with ozone to malic acid demonstrate an inversion in the course of the CAE reaction.     

Metabotropic glutamate 2 receptor potentiators: receptor modulation,frequency-dependent synaptic activity,and efficacy in preclinical anxiety and psychosis model(s)

Rationale To increase subtype selectivity and provide a novel means to alter receptor function, we discovered and characterization potentiators for the metabotropic glutamate 2 receptor (mGlu2).Methods and results A class of 3-pyridylmethylsulfonamides (e.g., 3-MPPTS; 2,2,2-trifluoro-N-[3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)phenyl]-N-(3-pyridinylmethyl)-ethanesulfonamide) were found to be potent, subtype-selective potentiators of human and rat mGlu2. The sulfonamides increased agonist potency in functional assays but did not displace orthosteric radiolabeled antagonist or agonist binding to cloned mGlu2 receptors. Rather, the modulators increased the affinity of most of the orthosteric agonists including glutamate, DCG-IV (2S,2R,3R)-2-(2,3-dicarboxylcyclopropyl)glycine), and LY354740 (1S,2S,5R,6S-2-aminobicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,6-bicaroxylate monohydrate). In striatal brain slices, LY354740 inhibited evoked excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) equally well following either a low- (0.06 Hz) or high (4 Hz)-frequency stimulation of corticostriatal afferents. In contrast, the mGlu2 potentiator cyPPTS (2,2,2-trifluoro-N-[3-(cyclopentyloxy)phenyl]-N-(3-pyridinylmethyl)-ethanesulfonamide) inhibited striatal EPSPs only at higher frequencies of stimulation (2 and 4 Hz). Several sulfonamides including 4-MPPTS, 4-APPES (N-[4-(4-carboxamidophenoxy)phenyl]-N-(3-pyridinylmethyl)-ethanesulfonamide hydrochloride monohydrate) and/or CBiPES N-[4-cyano-biphenyl-3-yl)-N-(3-pyridinylmethyl)-ethanesulfonamide hydrochloride) were tested in mGlu2/3 agonist-sensitive rodent model(s) of anxiety and psychosis. As seen with LY354740, both 4-MPPTS and 4-APPES were efficacious in a rat fear-potentiated startle paradigm. Likewise in mice, CBiPES attenuated a stress-induced hyperthermia and PCP-induced hyperlocomotor activity. Furthermore, CBiPES mediated alteration in PCP-induced hyperlocomotor activity was sensitive to mGlu2/3 antagonist pretreatment.Conclusions Taken together, the data indicate mGlu2 receptor potentiators have a unique use-dependent effect on presynaptic glutamate release, and show efficacy in several mGlu2/3-sensitive animal models of psychiatric disorders.     

Biokinetic investigation of the photodynamic activity of new photosensitizers

Results of an in vivo biokinetic investigation of the photodynamic activity of a series of new photosensitizers including a tetraazachlorin derivative (2,3,3α,21α-tetrahydro-2-methyl-3α,8,13,18-tetraphenyl-5,10,15,20-tetraaza-1H,22H,24H-pyrrolo[3, 4-b]porphine), two difluoroboryl-substituted complexes of 3,3′-diphenylazadiisoindolylmethene {N,N-difluoroboryl-N-[3-(4-t-butylphenyl)-2H-isoindol-1-yl)]-N-[3-(4-t-butylphenyl)-1H-isoindol-1-yliden]amine and N,N-difluoroboryl-1-[3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2H-isoindol-1-yl)]-N-[3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1H-isoindol-1-yliden]amine}, and a sulfanyl-substituted phthalocyanine [1,8,15,22-tetrakis(t-butylsulfanyl)-29H, 31H-phthalocyanine] are reported. These compounds exhibit pronounced photodynamic activity in mice bearing solid Ehrlich ascites carcinoma and sarcoma S-37 upon intravenous injection as micellar suspensions in aqueous solutions (4%) of Cremophor EL and Proxanol 268. Acomparison of the tumor growth rate and the time of attaining a critical tumor volume in the test and control groups shows evidence for high photodynamic activity of the new photosensitizers.     

Crystal structures of the even and odd bolaform amino acid derivatives (11-N-[benzyloxycarbonyl-L-alanyl] aminoundecanoyl)-L-alanyl benzyl ester and (12-N-[benzyloxycarbonyl-L-alanyl]aminododecanoyl)-L-alanyl benzyl ester

Reaction of two α,ω-aminocarboxylic acids with N- and C-protected alanine leads to bolaform compounds with two secondary amide groups on one end and one such group at the other end. Unsymmetric sheet-like structures are formed in the crystals. (11-N-[Benzyloxycarbonyl-L-alanyl]aminoundecanoyl)-L-alanyl benzyl ester (1) and (12-N-[benzyloxycarbonyl-L-alanyl]aminododecanoyl)-L-anyl benzyl ester (2) form triclinic crystals (spacegroup P1, No.1) with a= 4.917, b= 5.614, c= 29.02 Å, α= 88.40, β= 93.50, γ= 100.21°, Z=1 (1) and a= 4.954, b= 5.613, c= 30.23 Å, α= 93.44, β= 90.07, γ= 104.15°, Z=1 (2). The crystal structures were solved via direct methods and refined to R= 0.040 (1) and 0,078 (2) from 2441 and 2125 reflections. © Munksgaard 1997.     

Synthesis and antiviral activity of new 4-(phenylamino)/4-[(methylpyridin-2-yl)amino]-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-4-carboxylic acids derivatives

The synthesis of new 4-(phenylamino)-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid (3a-l) derivatives and the new 4-[(methylpyridin-2-yl)amino]-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid (5a–c) derivatives was achieved with an efficient synthetic route. Ethyl 4-chloro-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-5-carboxylate (1) on fusion with appropriate substituted anilines or aminopicolines gave the required new ethyl 4-(phenylamino)-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-5-carboxylates (2a–l) (52–82%) or new ethyl 4-[(methylpyridin-2-yl)amino]-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-5-carboxylates (4a–c) (50–60%), respectively. Subsequent hydrolysis of the esters afforded the corresponding carboxylic acids (3a–l) (86–93%) and (5a–c) in high yield (80–93%). Inhibitory effects of 4-(phenylamino)/4-[(methylpyridin-2-yl)amino]-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-4-carboxylic acids. Derivatives on Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), Mayaro virus (MAY) and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) were investigated. Compounds 2d, 3f, 3a, and 3c exhibited antiviral activity against HSV-1, MAY, and VSV virus with EC₅₀ values of 6.8, 2.2, 4.8, 0.52, 2.5, and 1.0. None of these compounds showed toxicity for Vero cells.     

Nitrosamine formation from interaction of isosorbide dinitrate and hydroxyzine HCl, a tertiary amine

The interaction of two drugs—isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) and hydroxyzine hydrochloride (HZ), a tertiary amine—was studied in vitro, under conditions simulating those found in the stomach, to determine if nitrosamines are formed. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to monitor the latter compounds. We found that, in the presence of sodium nitrite, HZ undergoes oxidative cleavage and nitrosation, forming three nitrosamine compounds, N-(4-chlorophenyl)benzyl]-N′-nitro-sopiperazine (A), N′-[2-(2′-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl]-N′-nitrosopiperazine (B), and N, N′-dinitrosopiperazine (C). However, when ISDN (0.8 g) and HZ (2.0 g) were incubated together for 1 hr, only N-[α-(4-chlorophenyl)benzyl]-N′-nitrosopiperazine (A) was recovered. Although preparations of HZ contain (A) as an impurity, the quantity is trivial (0.5 ng/mg drug), and the bulk of the material detected is formed by interaction of ISDN with HZ. Because some individuals may ingest isosorbide dinitrate and hydroxyzine HCl, or analogous combinations, over a period of years, the risk posed by this type of drug interaction should be determined.     

Syntheses of Potentially Antineoplastic Amides and Esters of N-[N'-(2-Chloroethyl)-N'-nitrosocarbamoyl]amino Acids,II

Syntheses of N-[N'-(2-chloroethyl)-N'-nitrosocarbamoyl]amino acid amides and esters as potential antineoplastic substances are reported. N-[N'-(2-chloroethyl)-N'-nitrosocarbamoyl]amino acids (with the exception of the glycine derivative) were prepared by reaction of 2-chloroethyl isocyanate with the sodium salt of an amino acid in a heterogenous medium followed by nitrosation with sodium nitrite under acidic conditions. Condensation with amines or alcohols using 1,1-carbonyldiimidazole led to the amides or esters.     

9-(2-膦酰甲氧乙基)腺嘌呤及其位置异构体3-(2-膦酰甲氧乙基)腺嘌呤的合成和抗病毒活性研究

Phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine (1),PMEA,an acyclic nucleotide withbroad-spectrum antiviral activity was synthesized with some modifications of Holy's procedure.Simutaneously,an N-3 regioisomer(2)of PMEA and a by-preduct, formaldehyde di-[2-(9-adenyl)ethyl] acetal(7)were seperated by silica gel chromatography in the ratio of 50:10:1.Compound(2)and(7) are new compounds that we have not yet found in literatures. The structure of them weredetermined with ¹HNMR,2DNMR, MS and Spot test.Antiviral test showed that N-3 isomer(2)completely lost activity against both HIV-1 and HSV-1 in vitro. It seems that regiospecificity of theacyclic nucleotide structure is important for antiviral activity.     

Synthesis and anti-HIV activity of 4-[(1,2-dihydro-2-oxo-3H-indol-3-ylidene) amino]-N(4,6-dimethyl-2-pyrimidinyl)-benzene sulfonamide and its derivatives

4-[(1,2-Dihydro-2-oxo-3H-indol-3-ylidene) amino]-N(4,6-dimethyl-2-pyrimidinyl)-benzene sulphonamide and its derivatives were synthesized by reaction of isatin and its derivatives with sulphadimidine. Their chemical structures have been confirmed by IR, ¹H NMR data and elemental analysis. Investigation of anti-HIV activity of compounds were tested against replication of HIV-1 (IIIB) and HIV-2 (ROD) strains in acutely infected MT-4 cells and the activity compared with standard azidothymidine. Among the compounds tested, 4-[(1,2-dihydro-2 oxo-3H-indol-3-ylidene)amino]-N(4,6-dimethyl-2-pyrimidinyl)-benzene sulphonamide and its N-acetyl derivative were the most active compounds.     

2-Amino-2′-[18F]fluorobenzhydrols,intermediates for the synthesis of [2′-18F]-1,4-benzodiazepine-2-ones

A method for synthesizing ¹⁸F-labelled 2-amino-2′-fluorobenzhydrols under nocarrier-added conditions for use as radiolabelled intermediates in the synthesis of[2′-¹⁸F]-1,4-benzodiazepine-2-ones is presented. Anilinodichloroborane reagents were formed by the reaction of boron trichloride with 4-chloro-N-methylaniline, 6a , 4-nitro-N-methylaniline, 6b , 4-nitro-N-ethylaniline, 6c , and 4-chloro-N-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)aniline, 6d . 2-[¹⁸F]Fluorobenzaldehyde, 5 , synthesized in 55–70% yields by the nucleophilic aromatic substitution of 2-nitrobenzaldehyde with the Kryptofix/K⁺ complex of [¹⁸F]F⁻, was subsequently reacted with the anilinodichloroborane coupling reagents with aromatic substitution occurring ortho to the amino group. The resulting 2-amino-2′-[¹⁸F]fluorobenzhydrols, 7a - 7d , were produced in conversions of 60–95% with reaction time ⩽ 10 min at room temperature or 60°C, depending on the aniline used. The total synthesis time, including evaporation of the target water, was 60–65 min. The total radiochemical conversions were of the order of 50–65% for 7a - 7c and 35–45% for 7d , decay-corrected and based on [¹⁸F]F⁻.     

Studies on Condensed Triazines and Related Compounds

Acenaphthone monosemicarbazone was cyclised to acenaphtheno[1,2--e]1,2,4-triazine-3-one ( 2 ). Its N-alkyl derivative 3 was prepared by the reaction with an alkyl halide in alkaline medium. The triazinone 2 was further converted into the corresponding chloro compound 4 which underwent nucleophilic substitutions with hydrazine and amines. 3-Hydrazinoacenaphtheno[1,2-e]-1,2,4-triazine ( 9 ) was transformed into pyrazolotriazines 12, 13, 14 by reaction with acetylacetone, ethyl acetoacetate and ethyl ethoxymethylenecyanoacetate. With formic acid and nitrous acid 9 yielded the new heterocycles acenaphtheno [1,2-e]-1,2,4-triazino[2,3-d]-1,2,4-triazole ( 11 ) and acenaphtheno[1,2-e]-1,2,4-triazino[2,3-d]-tetrazole ( 10 ).