息斯敏和息斯敏联合雷尼替丁对组胺诱导人皮肤反应强度 …

探讨组胺Ｈ１和Ｈ２受体拮抗联合使用治疗Ⅰ型过敏性疾病的可行性。方法对三组志愿者分别服用息斯敏１０ｍｇ，１次／ｄ；息斯敏１０ｍｇ和雷尼替丁３００ｍｇ，各１次／ｄ，息斯敏１０ｍｇ，１次／和雷尼替丁３００ｍｇ，每１２ｈ１次。５天后停雷尼替丁，继续服用息斯敏２天。     

息斯敏致月经失调1例

息斯敏致月经失调１例史政奇河南省新野县中医院皮肤科（邮政编码４７３５００）女，３０岁。患慢性等麻疹１年余，经多方治疗无效，给予息斯敏（酉安杨森制药有限公司生产）治疗，每日１次１０ｍ召。服药第３天，月经突然提前１２天来潮（月经周期为２８天）。既往无月经...     

息斯敏过敏1例

息斯敏过敏１例万夫黄石市中医院皮肤科（邮政编码４３５０００）患者男，２７岁。因皮肤瘙痒服息斯敏（西安杨森制药有限公司产品）１０ｍｇ，日互次。２天后皮肤潮红，腹痛。自行停药，症状消失。２周后，又因皮肤瘙痒，再服息斯敏，次日腹痛，全身皮肤潮红、肿胀、自觉...     

息斯敏致剥脱性皮炎1例

息斯敏致剥脱性皮炎１例项伟峻吉林省柳河县人民医院皮肤科（邮政编码１３５３００）男，２４岁。因患过敏性鼻炎，予息斯敏（酉安杨森制药有限公司生产）日服１０ｍｓ。３天后全身皮肤陆续出现潮红、肿胀、伴灼热感。加大息斯敏量至日服２０ｍｇ，病情持续加重，双眼不能...     

内分泌、代谢、营养障碍性皮肤病

２００１０９１９假性型黑棘皮病１例报告／燕霞（山东寿光市皮防站）…／／中国麻风皮肤病杂志．－２０００，１６（３）．－２００２００１０９２０ 确炎舒松Ａ治疗２２例皮肤淀粉样变疗效分析／袁应沐（江西赣州地区皮研所）／／皮肤病与性病．－２０００，２２（４）．－１０ 给抗组胺类药，如克敏嗪７５ｍｇ３次／ｄ；或多虑平，外用可选皮炎宁酊、苯甲酸酊Ⅱ号、水杨酸软膏、尿素软膏等。确炎舒松Ａ１ｍｌ加０．２５％～１％普鲁卡因（或利多卡因）３ｍｌ局封，７～１０天１次，３次后改为１５～２０天１次。结果痊愈１３例，基愈２例…     

新型免疫抑制剂FK506对小鼠树枝状表皮T细胞的影响

为了探讨新型免疫抑制剂ＦＫ５０６对小鼠树枝状表皮Ｔ细胞（ＤＥＴＣ）的影响，我们应用抗Ｔｈｙ－１单克隆抗体间接免疫荧光技术动态观察了体内外应用ＦＫ５０６后小鼠ＤＥＴＣ密度的变化。结果表明：①腹腔注射ＦＫ５０６０．３２ｍｇ·ｋｇ·ｄ及０．９６ｍｇ·ｋｇ·ｄ２～７天后ＤＥＴＣ密度明显下降（Ｐ＜０．０５，Ｐ＜０．０１），且呈一定的量效关系。②１μｇ／ｍｌ及１０μｇ／ｍｌＦＫ５０６体外浸育皮片２个小时及１０个小时后，ＤＥＴＣ密度亦明显下降（Ｐ＜０．０５，Ｐ＜０．０１）。提示ＦＫ５０６对小鼠的免疫抑制作用至少部分可能与改变ＤＥＴＣ功能相关     

物理性皮肤病

２００００８９９ 川芎嗪与维生素Ｅ、Ｃ联合治疗新生儿硬肿症／邓惠玲（深圳南山区医院儿科）／广东医学．－１９９９，２０（１０）．－８１４ 在新生儿硬肿症常规治疗的基础上加用川芎注射液５～１０ｍｇ／（ｋｇ·ｄ），加入１０％葡萄糖溶液３０～５０ｍｌ中，静滴，１次／ｄ，直至症状消失；维生素Ｅ５０ｍｇ／ｄ，肌注，１次／ｄ；维生素Ｃ３００～５００ｍｇ／（ｋｇ·ｄ），静滴，疗程均７ｄ。结果与常规治疗组比较，轻度硬肿症两组全部治愈。中、重度硬肿症治疗组中出血率为６．４５％，病死率为９．６７％，而常规治疗组中分别为…     

粘膜疾病

２００１１０９８连理汤加味治疗口腔扁平苔藓临床观察／陈建灵（广东省中医院）／／湖北中医杂志．－２０００， ２２（８）．－２７ 党参２０ｇ，黄芪３０ｇ，干姜８ｇ，白术、茯苓、丹参各１５ｇ，桃仁１２ｇ，甘草 ６ｇ。水煎服，共服２次，１剂／ｄ。对照组用左旋咪唑５０ｍｇ，３次／ｄ，连服 ２天，停药 ５天。结果：治疗组４８例，痊愈５例，显效１２例，好转２５例，无效６例，总有效率为８７．５０％；对照组３０例，分别为２例、４例，１３例、１１例和６３．３３％。两组等级疗效比较差异有显著性（Ｐ＜０．０５）。表１参５（…     

三种抗病毒药物治疗带状疱疹的疗效对比观察

６０例诊断明确的带状疱疹患者，随机分为Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ三组，分别使用阿昔洛韦（１０ｍｇ／ｋｇ·日静滴），三氮唑核苷（１０ｍｇ／ｋｇ·日静滴），聚肌胞（２ｍｇ肌注，隔日１次）治疗，痊愈率＋显效率分别为：Ａ组（阿昔洛韦）：９５％；Ｂ组（三氮唑核苷）：９０％；Ｃ组（聚肌胞）：６０％。疗效对比经统计学处理：ＡＢ组Ｘ２＝４．９１２，Ｐ＞０．０５无显著意义；ＡＣ组Ｘ２＝３．８１５，Ｐ＜０．０５，有显著意义；ＢＣ组ｘ２＝４．８００，Ｐ＜０．０５有显著意义。抗病毒疗效阿昔洛韦、三氮唑核苷高于聚肌胞。     

腰椎术后并发下肢带状疱疹3例

例１，女，６２岁。以腰椎间盘突出症在我院骨科行腰椎间盘突出摘除术，术中术后未发生异常情况，术后第４天突然左大腿疼痛难忍，当时考虑手术引起，第５天左大腿内侧出现大小不等的红色斑片，其上有米粒大小的成簇水疱。皮肤科会诊，诊断为带状疱疹。给予口服阿昔洛韦０．２ｇ５次／ｄ，消炎痛２５ｍｇ３次／ｄ，强的松１０ｍｇ３次／ｄ，肌注ａ－干扰素１００万ｕ１次／ｄ，皮疹处涂龙胆紫，１周后皮疹消退，疼痛消失。例２，女，５８岁，以腰椎间盘突出症在我院骨科行腰椎间盘突出摘除术，术中无任何不良反应。手术次日左臀部皮肤出现疼…     

Start and end of the effects of terfenadine and astemizole on histamine-induced wheals in human skin

A study was made of effects of two antihistamines, terfenadine (60 mg twice daily) and astemizole (10 mg once daily) on wheals induced by histamine dihydrochloride (10 mg/ml) in the prick test on the upper back of 15 healthy students. The suppressive effects of terfenadine on the histamine wheal appeared earlier (2 h), and disappeared earlier (within 1 day) than those of astemizole (3 days and 28 days, respectively). No difference between the maximal effects of the two drugs was seen.     

Evaluation of the antihistamine effects of olopatadine and levocetirizine during a 24‐h period: A double‐blind,randomized, cross‐over,placebo‐controlled comparison in skin responses induced by histamine iontophoresis

The antihistamine effects of olopatadine and levocetirizine, in standard‐dose application described in their information (5 mg twice a day for olopatadine; 5 mg once daily for levocetirizine), were examined from 11.5 to 24 h after application. The test was designed in a double‐blind, randomized, cross‐over, placebo‐controlled study of 12 healthy volunteers on histamine‐induced flare and wheal response using an iontophoresis technique. The suppressive effect of olopatadine on the wheals induced by a 0.1‐mA histamine iontophoresis lasted for 24 h after dosing. Both drugs inhibited flare induced by histamine iontophoresis almost completely until 24 h after the first administration. Suppression of the 0.2‐mA‐induced wheal response by levocetirizine, taken once daily, decreased with time, although 0.1‐mA‐induced flare was almost completely suppressed by the drug. Olopatadine completely suppressed even the wheal response induced by a 0.2‐mA histamine iontophoresis. Compared with the placebo, the two drugs significantly suppressed the subjective itching assessed by visual analog scale at all intervals. There were no significant differences in subjective drowsiness and objective cognitive function between drug‐ and placebo‐treated subjects. These results demonstrate that olopatadine seems to be more potent than levocetirizine when administrated in a standard dose. In conclusion, mild to moderate urticaria could be controlled by standard application as described in their information. On the other hand, severe urticaria could be managed by a standard application of olopatadine, but levocetirizine may need an additional dose to control severe urticaria.     

Inflammatory skin responses induced by icatibant injection are mast cell mediated and attenuated by H(1)-antihistamines

Icatibant, a bradykinin-2 receptor antagonist, is administered by subcutaneous injection for the treatment of attacks of type I and type II hereditary angioedema. Following injection, patients feel transient pain followed by a short-lived wheal and flare response at the injection site. We hypothesized that the icatibant-induced wheal and flare response follows histamine release from activated skin mast cells and would therefore be reduced by an H(1)-antihistamine. Intradermal injection of 100 μl of 100 μg/ml histamine and 10 mg/ml icatibant into the forearms of health volunteers caused wheal and flare responses of a similar magnitude which were reduced by cetirizine pretreatment by 49% and 41% (histamine) and 35% and 41% (icatibant). Studies in vitro showed that icatibant at 1 × 10(-4) and 1 × 10(-5) M caused significant (P < 0.05) histamine release from isolated human cutaneous mast cells. In conclusion, icatibant induces histamine-mediated wheal and flare responses that may be reduced in severity by prophylactic administration of an H(1)-antihistamine.     

比拉斯汀在荨麻疹治疗中的应用

比拉斯汀是一种新型的H1受体拮抗剂,口服可治疗过敏性鼻炎和荨麻疹,其吸收较快,但食用食物和果汁后吸收减慢.已有数据证实,相比其他受体,比拉斯汀对H1的亲和力更高,并能降低组胺和细胞因子水平.在由组胺引起的皮肤风团和红斑上,比拉斯汀20 mg与西替利嗪10 mg相比具有等同疗效,可能有更快的抑制作用.比拉斯汀无抗胆碱作用,不影响驾驶,除此之外,比拉斯汀还具备良好的耐受性,无镇静作用、心脏毒性和肝脏毒性等优点.     

Some effects of calcitonin gene-related peptide in human skin and on histamine release

Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) produced a dose-related wheal and flare reaction in human skin at doses of 12.5 to 50 pmol. The flare response but not the wheal response to CGRP and substance P were inhibited by prior treatment of the subject with oral chlorpheniramine, 16 mg. CGRP, but not substance P, was potent in producing a delayed erythema and surrounding pallor in human skin, which peaked at 1 h and persisted for more than 3 h after injection, when wheal and flare responses had subsided. The delayed response was accompanied by infiltration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. The delayed erythema and pallor produced in response to CGRP were not inhibited by oral chlorpheniramine, or by 4% prilocaine injected locally. CGRP released histamine from rat peritoneal mast cells over the concentration range 2.5-10 microM. CGRP was about fourfold less potent than substance P in releasing histamine. The substance P analogue, [D-Pro4, D-Trp7,9,10]SP4-11 10 microM, and benzalkonium chloride 10 microM inhibited histamine release from rat mast cells stimulated by either CGRP or substance P.     

Comparative biorelease study of fluticasone in combination with antibacterial (Neomycin) and or antifungal (coltrimazol, miconazole) agents by histamine percutaneous reaction method in healthy volunteers

Fluticasone propionate is a novel, potent and topically active synthetic corticosteroid preparation with a much reduced potential, in relation to its anti-inflammatory potency, for unwanted systemic side effects. It is indicated for the treatment of eczema, dermatitis etc. The objective of the present study was to evaluate and compare the biorelease of fluticassone with placebo (base formulation); its combination with antifungal (miconazole, clotrimazole) and / or antibacterial agents based on the attenuation of histamine induced wheal and flare reaction and flare intensity (on visual analouge scale) by McNemar test. In the present study, fluticasone alone and in combination with clotrimazole, miconazole and neomycin significantly reduced the wheal and flare response of histamine prick test. The flare intensity response was also significantly inhibited by these treatments. Furthermore, there was no difference in the anti-inflammatory activity of various treatment groups. It may, therefore, be concluded that antibacterial (neomycin) and / or antifungal (miconazole, clotrimazole) agents in combination with steroid (fluticasone) do not alter the pharmacodynamic response of the latter.     

Effects of acrivastine, loratadine and cetirizine on histamine-induced wheal and flare responses

It is accepted that studies evaluating histamine-induced wheal and flare reactions in the skin represent a simple and reliable method for demonstrating pharmacodynamic activity and pharmacokinetics of the H1-receptor antagonists. In this study, the effects of single oral doses of acrivastine (8 mg), loratadine (10 mg) and cetirizine (10 mg) on the histamine-induced wheal and flare reactions were compared in 60 healthy volunteers. The wheal and flare responses were produced by prick test using 1% histamine solution. Measurements were performed before the ingestion of antihistamines (baseline values) and afterwards at 15, 30, 90, 240, 360 min and 24 h. The values obtained for each antihistamine were compared with each other and with baseline values. Cetirizine was found to be superior to acrivastine and loratadine for the suppression of wheal and flare responses at 240, 360 min and 24 h (P < 0.05) and acrivastine was superior to the other two antihistamines for the suppression of flare response at 30 min (P < 0.05). Our results indicate that a single dose of cetirizine provides a more effective and long acting suppression on wheal and flare reactions in urticaria when compared to acrivastine and loratadine.     

Quantitative time course study of the skin response to histamine and the effect of H1 blockers. A 3-week crossover double-blind comparative trial of cetirizine and terfenadine

A controlled, randomized, double-blind, crossover study was performed in 10 healthy volunteers to compare changes of cutaneous blood flow values (CBFV) determined by laser Doppler flowmetry before and after intake of a capsule containing either 10 mg cetirizine or 60 mg terfenadine. After the determination of the initial response to the anti-H1 agents, drugs were taken daily (cetirizine 10 mg, terfenadine 120 mg) over a 3-week period and the cutaneous response to histamine and saline was evaluated weekly, exactly 4 h after the last drug intake. The following significant variations were observed (analysis of variance for repeated measurements, p less than 0.05): (1) there is a decrease of histamine-induced wheal and flare under antihistamines (anti-H1), cetirizine being more potent than terfenadine; (2) CBFV, measured on the usual flare area, i.e. at 1 cm of the site of agonist injection, decreased after drug intake. There was a gradual increase of the CBFV inhibition over the 3-week follow-up, cetirizine being more effective than terfenadine, and (3) at the site of agonist injection, reduction of the edematous wheal was associated with significant increases of CBFV after drug intake. This quantitative pharmacologic in vivo assay on the agonist action indicates that at lower doses, cetirizine has a significantly higher anti-H1 activity than terfenadine and that this effect is maintained over a 3-week period. There was no tachyphylaxis.     

Effects of cetirizine and epinastine on the skin response to histamine iontophoresis

Epinastine and cetirizine are second-generation, nonsedating and long-lasting antihistamines that are now frequently used for the allergic disorders. We have examined the inhibitory effects of these two drugs on the histamine-induced flare and wheal responses using iontophoresis at 1, 2, 4, 8 and 24 h after the oral administration by a double-blind, cross-over and placebo-controlled study. Both cetirizine and epinastine significantly inhibited the histamine-induced flare and wheal responses at 2 h after the oral administration when compared with placebo. The inhibitory effects of cetirizine and epinastine on the flare response lasted long until at 24 h, however, epinastine was less potent than cetirizine. The inhibitory effects on the wheal response was also clearly and significantly evident at 2-8 h by cetirizine and epinastine. At 24 h cetirizine only showed the significant inhibition on the histamine-induced wheal response. In contrast, epinastine seemed to exhibit the inhibitory capacity earlier than did cetirizine. The inhibitory action of the drugs on the histamine-induced wheal response peaked at 4 h after the oral administration. The histamine-induced itch sensation was also markedly or completely suppressed at 2-8 h by the drugs. Thus, both drugs exhibited the potent and long-lasting antihistamine activity on the skin responses induced by histamine iontophoresis.     

Skin reactions and itch sensation induced by epicutaneous histamine application in atopic dermatitis and controls

Itch sensations and skin reactions induced by histamine iontophoresis at six different current intensities were studied in 27 atopic dermatitis (AD) patients and 20 healthy controls. Subjective itch ratings were assessed on a visual analogue scale (VAS) for 8-min periods after 10-sec histamine application, while changes of skin blood flow were simultaneously measured using two Laser Doppler flowmeters. Ten minutes after each histamine application, the areas of wheal and flare reactions were planimetrically evaluated. When no or weak current was applied, AD patients revealed stronger wheal and flare reactions than controls, possibly due to disturbed skin barrier function. Higher histamine doses, however, produced weaker subjective and vascular reactions in AD patients. In contrast to the controls, AD patients were unable to distinguish between weak and strong histamine stimulation, as shown by their VAS ratings. These results imply that AD patients have an altered histamine response. In particular, their afferent cutaneous nerve fibers show a decreased ability to signal itching to the central nervous system and to release vasoactive neuropeptides upon histamine stimulation.