超声及钼靶X线对乳腺导管内癌与乳腺浸润性导管癌的诊断价值

目的:探讨乳腺导管内癌（ductal caicinoma in situ,DCIS）与乳腺浸润性导管癌（invasive ductal carcinoma,IDC）的超声及钼靶X线影像特征差异。方法:回顾性分析160例患者（包括62例DCIS患者及98例IDC患者）的超声及钼靶X线资料。结果:161个乳腺病灶中,有62个DCIS病灶（DCIS组）及99个IDC病灶（IDC组）。超声对IDC组病灶的检出率明显高于DCIS组,两组间的检出率有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;两组间病灶超声表现中形状、边界、边缘特征及血流信号差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。钼靶X线在两组病灶检出率差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;两组间病灶钼靶X线表现形状及边缘特征的例数差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。对于DCIS组,超声及钼靶X线病灶的检出率差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;在病灶边缘及乳腺腺体内钙化检出率这些方面,两种方法有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论:乳腺钼靶X线对DCIS腺体内钙化灶诊断率较高,乳腺超声对DCIS病灶检出、病灶边缘特征显示具有诊断优势。     

钼靶摄影对乳腺钙化的诊断价值

目的：探讨钼靶摄影对乳腺钙化在乳腺良恶性疾病中的价值。方法：对96例经手术或穿刺活检病理证实的良恶性钙化钼靶X线片进行回顾性分析。结果：96例乳腺钙化中，良性病变为64例，占67％，恶性病变为32例，占33％。结论：良性钙化一般具有颗粒较粗、数目较少、密度较高、分布相对较局限的特点，但如出现双侧乳腺弥散性钙化分布，也不除外良性病变可能，需严密随访或活检证实：恶性钙化一般具有颗粒较细、数目较多、密度较低等特点，尤其是沿导管走形的多形性杆状、线样及分支样钙化，则恶性可能性大；另外，还有一些成簇状分布的泥沙样钙化，则良恶性影像学有重叠，需要活检证实。     

彩超与钼靶对乳腺导管内癌诊断的对比研究

目的 探讨彩超（CDUS）与数字化钼靶摄影（钼靶）对乳腺导管内癌（DCIS）的诊断价值。方法 回顾性分析73例患者79个病灶经病理确诊的DCIS术前CDUS及钼靶的影像资料,比较两者单独及联合诊断DCIS的价值。结果 经病理证实79个病灶中48个为DCIS。CDUS及钼靶诊断DCIS的敏感度分别为66.67%（32/48）和70.83%（34/48）,两者间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,特异性分别为90.32%和80.65%,阳性预测值分别为91.43%和85.00%,阴性预测值分别为63.64%和64.10%;两者联合诊断的敏感度为95.83%（46/48）,分别与其中一种诊断方法比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 CDUS对DCIS病灶内部结构及周边导管结构紊乱检出优于钼靶,而钼靶能够较敏感地显示DCIS病灶内的微小钙化。两者联合可提高诊断DCIS的准确率。     

乳腺浸润性导管癌钼靶X线钙化与c-erbB-2表达的关系

目的探讨乳腺浸润性导管癌钼靶X线钙化特征与人表皮生长因子相关基因（c-erbB-2）表达的关系。方法回顾64例经术后病理证实的乳腺浸润性导管癌的钼靶X线钙化特征及采用免疫组织化学方法测定肿瘤细胞c-erbB-2的表达情况,分析乳腺癌钙化灶与c-erbB-2表达的相关性。结果 64例患者中,X线表现有钙化的c-erbB-2阳性表达率为64.5%,高于无钙化组的24.2%,差异有统计学意义（χ^2=10.54,P〈0.05）。结论乳腺浸润性导管癌钼靶X线钙化与C-erbB-2的表达具有一定的相关性,可在一定程度上反映肿瘤组织的c-erbB-2的表达情况及表达水平。     

乳腺钼靶摄片在中老年女性乳腺癌筛查中的应用分析

目的探讨乳腺钼靶摄片在中老年女性乳腺癌筛查中的应用价值。方法抽取本地1000例中老年女性进行乳腺癌筛查,筛查方法为乳腺钼靶摄片。结果查出7例乳腺癌,占0.7%。与病理诊断符合率为100.0%,病理类型多为浸润性导管癌。所有患者摄片都可见明确肿块影,可见恶性钙化者6例。结论钼靶摄片筛查中老年女性乳腺癌作为一种无创性的检查手段,摄片肿块与钙化现象能为诊断乳腺癌提供可靠依据,可作为大规模人群筛查的主要手段。     

钼铑双靶乳腺摄影中微小钙化灶对乳腺癌的诊断价值

目的探讨钼铑双靶乳腺摄影中微小钙化灶在乳腺癌诊断中的价值。方法对141例乳腺病变者进行回顾分析,92例乳腺癌患者为研究组,49例乳腺良性病变患者为对照组,对比分析两组患者钼铑双靶乳腺摄影中微小钙化灶的特征。结果研究组检出钙化灶78例,检出率为84．8％,对照组检出钙化灶3例,检出率为6．1％,研究组Ⅱ～Ⅴ型钙化灶检出率明显高于对照组。研究组密集细颗粒型、密集混合型及稀疏细颗粒型钙化灶检出率明显高于对照组,颗粒型钙化灶对乳腺癌诊断的特异性为94．2％,敏感度为98．3％,特异性及敏感度均较高。结论微小钙化灶在乳腺癌患者钼铑双靶乳腺摄影中检出率高,其敏感度及特异性均较高,可作为早期乳腺癌的有效诊断措施推广,以降低漏诊率和误诊率,提高诊断率和患者的生存质量。     

54例乳腺浸润性导管癌的钼靶X线表现

[目的]分析乳腺浸润性导管癌钼靶X线表现，提高其影像学诊断水平。[方法]对54例经手术病理证实的乳腺浸润性导管癌进行钼靶X线征象的回顾性分析。[结果]54例乳腺浸润性导管癌的主要X线表现：肿块伴微小钙化27例，单纯肿块14例，单纯钙化9例，结构紊乱伴局部密度增高3例，结构紊乱伴钙化1例。[结论]乳腺浸润性导管癌钼靶X线表现较丰富，具有一定的特征性，大多数病例于术前可以做出正确的诊断。     

临床未触及肿块的乳腺钼靶片内簇状钙化临床意义的研究

目的 :探讨临床未触及肿块由钼靶发现乳腺内簇状钙化的临床意义。方法 :对临床未触及肿块而钼靶摄影发现乳腺内簇状钙化经我院手术病理证实的 79例病例共 86个病灶 ,分析其大小、数量、形态及分布情况并作良恶性对照研究。结果 :79例病例 86个乳腺内簇状钙化灶 ,乳腺癌 4 1个 (占4 7 6 7% ) ,其中 2 4个为原位癌或早期浸润性乳腺癌 ,14个为浸润性导管癌。良性病变 4 5个(52 33% )。结论 :根据乳腺内钙化的X线特征可为临床估计其良恶性几率提供线索。     

临床未触及肿块的乳腺钼靶片内簇状钙化临床意义的研究

目的：探讨临床未触及肿块由钼靶发现乳腺内簇状钙化的临床意义。方法：对临床未触及肿块而钼靶摄影发现乳腺内簇状钙化经我院手术病理证实的７９例病例共８６个病灶,分析其大小、数量、形态及分布情况并作良恶性对照研究。结果：７９例病例８６个乳腺内簇状钙化壮,乳腺癌４１个（占４７.67%)。其中２４个为原位癌或早期浸润性乳腺癌,１４个为浸润性导管癌,良性病变４５个（５２.33%)。结论：根据乳腺内钙化的Ｘ线特征可为临床估计其良恶性几率提供线索。     

乳腺粘液癌的钼靶X线表现

目的：探讨乳腺粘液癌的钼靶X线表现特点以提高临床诊断率。方法：对2006年3月至2008年11月我院诊断的11例乳腺粘液癌患者的X线资料进行回顾分析,11例乳腺粘液癌患者均经术后病理证实。结果：11例乳腺粘液癌中单纯型粘液癌4例,其中中等密度肿块影3例,局限性密度增高1例;混合性粘液癌7例,均为高密度肿块影,其中毛刺样肿块4例,伴有簇样砂粒样钙化2例,侵犯乳头者1例,腋窝淋巴结转移1例。结论：单纯型乳腺粘液癌钼靶X线表现常表现为边缘光滑的肿块,而混合型具有一些典型的恶性征象。     

Grade of Ductal Carcinoma In Situ Accompanying Infiltrating Ductal Carcinoma As an Independent Prognostic Factor

BackgroundSeveral studies about the relationship between IDC and DCIS have been reported, but no consensus has been reached regarding clinical characteristics and prognostic value.Patients and MethodsWe reviewed the medical records of patients who underwent surgery for IDC between 2006 and 2008. DCIS adjacent to IDC was pathologically classified as either high-grade DCIS or non–high-grade DCIS.ResultsAmong 1751 IDC patients within the study period, 1384 patients (79.0%) had concomitant DCIS. There was no survival difference between patients with pure IDC and those with IDC and concomitant DCIS. However, patients with high-grade DCIS had worse survival than did patients with non–high-grade DCIS or pure IDC (5-year recurrence-free survival rates for IDC with non–high-grade DCIS, pure IDC without DCIS, and IDC with high-grade DCIS were 97%, 93%, and 86%, respectively; P = .001). This tendency was maintained regardless of estrogen receptor status or histologic grade of IDC. In a Cox regression model, patients with IDC and accompanying high-grade DCIS had a 2.5-fold higher probability of local or distant relapse than did those with IDC and low-grade DCIS (hazard ratio, 2.51; 95% confidence interval, 1.12–5.64).ConclusionsThe prognosis of patients with invasive breast cancer differed according to the grade of concomitant adjacent DCIS. Accordingly, the grade of adjacent DCIS should be considered as a prognostic factor in the clinical management of patients with breast cancer. However, in our study, the follow-up periods were short to confirm prognostic effect. Further studies are needed.     

The Accuracy of Mammography,Ultrasound, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging For the Measurement of Invasive Breast Cancer With Extensive Intraductal Components

BackgroundThe precise preoperative evaluation of radiologic tumor size with extensive intraductal component (EIC) is important. This study compared the accuracy of mammography, ultrasound (US), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to measure invasive breast cancer with EIC.MethodsBetween 2007 and 2012, we collected data from 6816 patients who underwent surgery for invasive breast cancer at our institution. We reviewed the postoperative surgical reports of the tumors, in which the invasive tumor size and EIC were measured separately. Finally, we included 370 women who underwent preoperative mammography, US, and MRI. Each modality was retrospectively reviewed to measure the size of invasive breast cancer with EIC. The reference standard was surgical pathologic size and the accuracies of the image were evaluated.ResultsSpearman's correlation coefficient for the size of invasive cancer with EIC was good between MRI (r = 0.741) and pathology, and moderate between mammography (r = 0.661) or US (r = 0.514) and pathology. Both mass and nonmass lesions showed good correlations (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.672 and 0.612, respectively) in MRI. Furthermore, the subgroup of tumors without microcalcifications showed a higher correlation with MRI (ICC = 0.796) than with mammography (ICC = 0.620). However, the subgroup with microcalcifications showed a good correlation with mammography (ICC = 0.702) compared to MRI (ICC = 0.680) and US (ICC = 0.532).ConclusionThe lesion on mammography, US, and MRI reflected preoperative size of invasive cancer with EIC. MRI shows a higher correlation than mammography and US. However, cancer with calcifications of mammography shows a more accurate size than MRI or US.     

乳腺浸润性导管癌伴神经内分泌分化预后因素的分析

目的通过分析C—erbB-2、ER、PR在乳腺浸润性导管癌伴神经内分泌分化（NED）中的表达,探讨乳腺浸润性导管癌伴NED患者的预后。方法选取根据CgA和Syn免疫组织化学染色结果确诊的乳腺浸润性导管癌伴NED的病例35例（NED阳性组）和乳腺浸润性导管癌病例100例（NED阴性组）,分析比较2组C—erbB-2、ER、PR的表达及淋巴结转移情况。结果c—erbB-2、ER、PR的阳性表达率：NED阳性组分别为62．86％（22／35）、88．57％（31／35）、82．86％（29／35）;NED阴性组分别为92．00％（92／100）、71．00％（71／100）、65．00％（65／100）,2组C—erbB-2、ER、PR的阳性表达率比较差异均有统计学意义（P均〈0．05）。淋巴结转移：NED阳性组和NED阴性组分别为16例（45．71％）和40例（40．00％）,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论乳腺浸润性导管癌伴NED与乳腺浸润性导管癌不伴NED相比,恶性程度低,预后较好。     

乳腺浸润性导管癌分子分型与临床特征的关系

目的探讨乳腺浸润性导管癌不同分子亚型的分布,并分析各分子亚型与临床特征的关系。方法收集2006年1月-2011年6月明确诊断为乳腺浸润性导管癌病例100例,根据雌激素受体（ER）、孕激素受体（PR）、表皮生长因子受体-2（HER-2）的表达情况划分为四型,进一步分析不同分子亚型与浸润性导管癌临床特征的关系。结果100例中Luminal A型所占比例最大为65%,7%为Luminal B型, Triple Negative型占17%,Her-2(+)型占11%。各分子亚型乳腺浸润性导管癌患者发病年龄主要集中在40~59岁之间,占73%,Luminal A型发病年龄主要集中在40~49岁,而其他三型主要分布于50~59岁,四型在不同年龄组的分布上差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;Luminal A型淋巴转移发生率仅为30.1%,而Luminal B型与Her-2(+)型淋巴转移发生率较高,分别为71.4%及63.6%,各分子亚型的腋窝淋巴结转移率有显著差异（P＜0.05）;病理组织学分级Ⅰ级中Luminal A型所占比例最高,而Triple Negative型主要以Ⅲ级为主,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论乳腺浸润性导管癌各分子亚型分布差异具有统计学意义,各分子亚型与其临床特征关系密切。     

A Proposal for a New Histological Classification Scheme for Predicting Short-term Tumor Recurrence and Death in Patients with Invasive Ductal Carcinoma of the Breast

Tumor recurrence rate (TRR) and mortality rate (MR) of invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) of the breast in short-term follow-up are relatively low. Nevertheless, it is extremely important to identify patients at risk of early recurrence or death after surgery. The aim of this study was to establish a new histological prognostic classification scheme for IDC in order accurately to predict the short-term outcome. The following histological parameters were analyzed in 201 IDCs: 1) tumor size, 2) structural atypia, 3) nuclear atypia, 4) number of mitotic figures, 5) fibrotic focus (FF), 6) vascular invasion, 7) tumor necrosis, 8) skin invasion, 9) muscle invasion, 10) nodal status and 11) extramammary fat invasion. Multivariate analysis showed that nuclear atypia, presence of FF, and the invasive length of fat invasion (ILFI) were the most important histological parameters correlated with TRR or MR of IDCs. Accordingly, a new histological classification based on nuclear atypia, FF and ILFI (Nucleus-Fibrotic focus-Fat invasion, NFF) was devised. Comparative studies were performed with the following existing prognostic classifications: 1) histological grade, 2) modified Scarff-Bloom-Richardson histological grade, 3) prognostic index and 4) pathological TNM (pTNM) stage classifications. Patient grouping defined by NFF classification significantly correlated with tumor recurrence or death of IDCs in all cases, cases at stages I and II, those without lymph node metastasis and those who were estrogen receptor (ER)-positive after adjustment for the other four classifications, using multivariate analysis. NFF classification appeared superior to existing prognostic classifications for the accurate prediction of the short-term outcome for patients with IDCs in low risk groups.     

未见明显肿块及钙化的乳腺癌X线表现分析

目的:总结分析无明显肿块及钙化的乳腺癌钼靶X线片特征。方法:回顾性分析26例经手术及病理证实为乳腺癌,而钼靶X线片未见明显肿块及钙化病例的X线片、病史资料、B超检查等。结果:26例病例临床均触及肿块或结节,乳腺分型25例为散在纤维腺体型(少量腺体型)和不均质型(多量腺体型),病灶与腺体无明显分界。24例为乳腺浸润性导管癌,2例为浸润性小叶癌。结论:乳腺钼靶X线片未见明显肿块及钙化,而临床触及肿块或结节的病例,应结合B超及体检仔细分析X线片,并与对侧比较,能明显提高乳腺癌的诊断准确率。     

乳腺浸润性导管癌中PS2和GSTл的表达及临床意义

目的了解乳腺浸润性导管癌中雌激素调节蛋白(PS2)和谷胱甘肽S-转移酶π(GSTπ)的表达及其对预后和治疗的指导作用。方法用标记的链亲和素生物素(LSAB)免疫组化法对210例乳腺浸润性导管癌患者的石蜡标本进行PS2和GSTπ的检测。结果PS2的表达阳性率为49.5%,GSTπ几的表达阳性率为48.1%。术后5年和10年生存率从高到低依次为PS2表达阳性/GSTπ表达阴性组、PS2表达阳性/GSTπ表达阳性组、PS2表达阴性/GSTπ几表达阴性组和PS2表达阴性/GSTπ表达阳性组。结论PS2表达阳性/GSTπ表达阴性组患者的预后最好,PS2表达阳性/GSTπ表达阳性组和PS2表达阴性/GSTπ表达阳性组患者的预后次之,PS2表达阴性/GSTπ表达阳性组的预后最差。因此,在临床中应根据患者的情况合理应用内分泌治疗和化疗。     

Ductal carcinoma in situ in core biopsies containing invasive breast cancer: correlation with extensive intraductal component and lumpectomy margins

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The diagnosis of invasive breast cancer is most commonly made on image-guided core biopsy (CB). The presence of extensive intraductal component (EIC), as identified on subsequent lumpectomy, is associated with an increased risk of positive margins and need for further surgery. CBs demonstrating invasive breast cancer may also contain ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), although the significance of this finding is unclear. The objective of this study was to examine the implications of DCIS found in the original CB, specifically related to the risk of EIC and/or positive lumpectomy margins. METHODS: All patients at a single academic institution who underwent initial breast conserving surgery for invasive breast cancer diagnosed on image-guided CB between 05/00 and 04/02 were included in the study. A systematic, blinded review of all CB and lumpectomy specimens was performed using standardized criteria for DCIS, EIC, and margins. RESULTS: A total of 95 patients were included in the study, with a mean of 5 (median 5) CB/patient. Of these, 43 (45%) patients had DCIS identified in their CB; in 34 (79%) of these patients, the DCIS was mixed with the invasive cancer. No differences in tumor size or lumpectomy volume were identified between patients with or without DCIS on CB. However, patients with DCIS were noted to be significantly younger. Overall, EIC was identified in 13 (14%) patients; the risk of EIC was significantly higher in patients with DCIS identified in CB than in those with invasive carcinoma alone (30% vs. 0%, respectively; P < 0.0001). Expectedly, the incidence of positive margins on lumpectomy was higher in patients with EIC (38% vs. 16%; P = 0.05). A trend, although not statistically significant, towards positive margins was also noted in patients with DCIS on CB compared to those with invasive carcinoma alone (24% vs. 15%, P = 0.3). CONCLUSIONS: The identification of DCIS in conjunction with invasive cancer on CB appears important; the absence of DCIS in a CB sample excludes the possibility of eventually identifying EIC. Knowledge of DCIS in CBs with invasive carcinoma may be helpful for surgeons in planning gross resection margins at lumpectomy.     

CD20+B和CD3+T淋巴细胞在乳腺浸润性导管癌和髓样癌中的表达及与预后的关系

目的 检测CD20+B、CD3+T淋巴细胞在乳腺浸润性导管癌和髓样癌中的表达分布,探讨淋巴细胞浸润与浸润性导管癌预后的关系。方法 利用免疫组织化学链霉素亲和素生物素法检测128例浸润性导管癌,44例髓样癌中CD20、CD3的表达,分析表达差异与预后的关系。组间采用Kruskal-Wallis Test,组内采用卡方检验进行分析。结果 （1）CD20+B、CD3+T这两种淋巴细胞在浸润性导管癌中分布均是瘤周多于瘤内,在髓样癌中淋巴细胞表达高于浸润性导管癌（P＜0.05）。（2）浸润性导管癌中CD20+B、CD3+T淋巴细胞浸润越多,无病生存率越高（P＜0.05）。（3）CD20+B淋巴细胞与组织学分级、肿瘤pTNM分期、淋巴结状态、复发情况呈负相关（P＜0.05）;CD3+T淋巴细胞与组织学分级、淋巴结状态、复发状态呈负相关（P＜0.05）。结论 CD20+ B、CD3+ T淋巴细胞在浸润性导管癌和髓样癌中表达差异有显著性,在浸润性导管癌中其浸润程度与预后相关。