云南不明原因猝死病区人群心理健康状况及影响因素

目的了解云南不明原因猝死病区人群心理健康状况,探索主要影响因素。方法用焦虑和抑郁自评量表进行横断面入户调查。结果病区组728人,焦虑得分为(44.15±9.69)分,有28.7%的人发生不同程度的焦虑;抑郁得分(43.69±8.85)分,有16.2%的人发生不同程度的抑郁。病区组焦虑、抑郁得分,焦虑、抑郁阳性率以及中重度焦虑、抑郁构成与对照组差异均有统计学意义(均有P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析后,病区组焦虑和抑郁阳性率分别是对照组的3.34倍和2.51倍。结论云南不明原因猝死病区人群焦虑和抑郁水平高,心理健康状况差,应引起社会关注。     

石油工人心理健康状况及相关因素调查分析

目的 探讨石油工人心理健康状况,以及职业紧张、人格特征和社会支持对其影响,为制定心理健康教育措施提供理论依据.方法 采用整群抽样的方法随机抽取1 100名石油工人,采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)、职业紧张量表、艾森克人格问卷中文版和社会支持评定量表进行问卷调查.以SCL-90评分纳入阳性症状者为阳性症状组,未纳入者为正常组.结果 ①1 100名石油工人SCL-90评分结果显示238(21.64％)名具有阳性症状;人际关系敏感因子得分低于全国常模,躯体化、强迫症状、抑郁、焦虑、恐怖、精神病性等因子得分均高于全国常模,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01);敌对因子和偏执因子得分与全国常模比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);与新疆地区部分汉族职业人群SCL-90常模比较,躯体化、恐怖2个因子得分均低于该常模,抑郁、精神病性因子得分均高于该常模得分,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).②阳性症状组石油工人在个体紧张反应、神经质维度得分均高于正常组,主观支持、社会支持利用度维度得分均低于正常组,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).③多因素逐步Logistic回归分析显示心理紧张反应、自我保健、神经质、精神质、支持利用度是影响石油工人心理应激的主要因素.结论 石油工人存在一定程度的心理健康问题且具有自身的特点,适度降低工作压力的同时增强自我保健意识,合理有效的调解情绪是预防其出现心理应激障碍的重要措施之一.     

流动人口人格特征和社会支持对心理健康影响

目的 了解流动人口的心理健康状况,探讨人格特征和社会支持与心理健康状况的关系.方法 采用判断抽样方法 对江苏省江阴和张家港市流动人口集中居住点、企业和集贸市场等地抽取的1 097名流动人口进行问卷调查.结果 1 097名流动人口的心理异常发生率为18.O%;流动人口躯体化因子得分低于3省区正常人群(P＜0.01);强迫症状、人际关系敏感、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、偏执和精神病性因子得分均高于3省区正常人群(P＜0.01);典型外向和典型内向组流动人口躯体化因子得分均低于3省区常模(P＜0.05);典型外向组流动人口人际关系敏感、焦虑、恐怖、偏执和精神病性因子得分均高于3省区常模(P＜0.05);典型内向组流动人口人际关系敏感因子得分高于3省区常模(P＜0.05);典型高神经质和典型高精神质流动人口9因子得分均高于3省区常模(P＜0.01);典型低神经质组除恐怖因子外,其他8因子得分均低于3省区常模(P＜0.01);典型低精神质组流动人口躯体化和偏执因子得分均低于3省区常模(P＜0.05);流动人口心理正常者客观支持、主观支持、支持利用度得分和社会支持总分均高于心理异常者(P＜0.01);高社会支持组流动人口躯体化因子得分低于3省区常模(P＜0.01),焦虑、恐怖和精神病性因子得分均高于3省区常模(P＜0.05);低社会支持组除躯体化因子外,其他8因子得分均高于3省区常模(P＜0.01).结论 流动人口的人格特征和社会支持能影响其心理健康状况.     

因新冠疫情延迟开学期间某高校大学生心理健康状况及影响因素分析

目的:了解因新冠肺炎流行延迟开学期间,大学生心理健康和社会支持现状及其影响因素,为改善大学生心理健康状况提供参考。方法:2020年6月1—15日,对河南省某高校大学生心理健康及社会支持状况进行问卷调查。结果:大学生抑郁、焦虑和压力的检出率分别为77.1%、65.1%和43.4%。社会支持得分为(39.04±7.48)分。不同性别、学历、专业的大学生抑郁、焦虑和压力检出率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。目前是否开学对大学生心理压力的影响有统计学意义(χ~2=4.625,P0.05),不同社会支持程度及不同年级大学生心理健康状况比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:新冠肺炎延迟开学期间,大学生心理健康状况较差。应该针对不同阶段和人群有所侧重地进行干预,为其提供学业压力应对方案,增加社会支持,改善因延迟开学导致的大学生心理障碍。     

广东某高校近视新生心理健康状况调查

目的 了解近视大学新生的心理健康状况,为高校开展心理健康教育提供依据. 方法 在2013级大学新生中选取无其他疾病的近视新生(近视组)681名和无近视的健康新生(对照组)690名,采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)对他们的心理健康状况进行测评. 结果 近视组SCL-90因子数除强迫因子外均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).女生的躯体化、人际关系敏感、抑郁、焦虑、恐怖因子得分均高于男生,男生在敌对因子上得分高于女生差异有统计学意义(P＜ 0.01或P＜0.05).农村近视新生在人际关系敏感、抑郁、焦虑和精神病性方面高于城市近视新生,而城市近视新生在躯体化上高于农村的学生,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05). 结论 近视大学生心理健康状况不容乐观,应引起学校相关部门重视.     

因新冠肺炎疫情延迟开学期间某高校大学生心理健康状况及其影响因素分析

目的：了解因新冠肺炎流行延迟开学期间,大学生心理健康和社会支持现状及其影响因素,为改善大学生心理 健康状况提供参考。方法：2020年6月1—15日,对河南省某高校大学生心理健康及社会支持状况进行问卷调查。结果：大 学生抑郁、焦虑和压力的检出率分别为77.1%、65.1%和43.4%。社会支持得分为（39.04±7.48）分。不同性别、学历、专业的 大学生抑郁、焦虑和压力检出率比较,差异无统计学意义 （P＞0.05）。目前是否开学对大学生心理压力的影响有统计学意义 （χ2=4.625,P＜0.05）,不同社会支持程度及不同年级大学生心理健康状况比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论：新冠 肺炎延迟开学期间,大学生心理健康状况较差。应该针对不同阶段和人群有所侧重地进行干预,为其提供学业压力应对方 案,增加社会支持,改善因延迟开学导致的大学生心理障碍。     

某部高射炮兵心理健康状况调查分析

目的 了解某部高射炮兵的心理健康状况及其影响因素.方法 采用自编的基本情况调查表和临床症状自评量表(SCL-90)对143名某部高射炮兵进行了调查与分析.结果 某部高射炮兵SCL-90的总分(151.88±38.39)、躯体化(1.63±0.48)、强迫症状(1.95±0.59)、焦虑(1.67±0.51)、敌对(1.78±0.62)因子得分显著高于中国军人常模(P分别＜0.05、0.01及0.001);第2年兵SCL-90各因子(除躯体化因子外)分均低于其他3组士兵;义务兵各因子(除躯体化因子外)分均低于士官,且在人际关系敏感和恐怖因子得分上差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);初中及以下学历组在总分、躯体化、抑郁、焦虑、偏执和精神病性因子上的得分与大学及以上学历组相比差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);城镇士兵与农村士兵相比在人际关系敏感、焦虑因子分上差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);家庭经济状况较差组在总分、躯体化、抑郁因子分上与家庭经济状况中等组相比差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 某部高射炮兵的心理健康状况不容乐观,开展心理健康教育与疏导工作,为官兵创造良好的外界环境将有利于其心理健康水平的提高.     

三线放松法对护生心理压力的团体干预研究

探讨三线放松疗法对缓解护生心理压力的有效性及可行性,为改善护生心理健康状况提供参考.方法 将上海海军军医大学一年级224名护生随机分成两组,对照组进行常规心理健康教育,干预组在常规心理健康教育的基础上进行为期12周的三线放松疗法训练.干预前后分别采用焦虑自评量表(SAS)和抑郁自评量表(SDS)进行评定,采用t检验比较组间差异.结果 干预后4周两组的焦虑抑郁得分与干预前差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05);干预组在12周时焦虑、抑郁得分低于干预前(t值分别为3.62,2.84,P值均<0.05),而对照组得分差异无统计学意义(t值分别为-0.54,-0.57,P值均>0.05).干预4周、12周时,干预组的焦虑、抑郁得分均低于干预前(F值分别为7.31,0.23,P值均<0.05),对照组干预4周、12周时,焦虑、抑郁得分与干预前比较差异无统计学意义(P值均>0.05).结论 三线放松疗法对缓解护生的心理压力作用显著,值得推广.     

大学生社会支持与焦虑及抑郁关系

目的 了解大学生社会支持与焦虑、抑郁现状及其关系.方法 采用社会支持评定量表(SSRS)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)、自评抑郁量表(SDS),随机整群抽取吉林师范大学1 250名大学生进行调查.结果 大学生社会支持总分低于国内常模,差异有统计学意义(t=-53.96,P＜0.001);焦虑总分高于国内常模,差异有统计学意义(t=46.56,P＜0.001);抑郁严重度指数为0.45±0.09.大学生社会支持各维度及支持总分与焦虑总分、抑郁严重度指数之间均呈显著负相关(r=-0.29～-0.11,P＜0.001);大学生社会支持状况对焦虑、抑郁程度具有预测作用.结论 大学生社会支持状况低于全国普通人平均水平,焦虑程度则高于平均水平,总体处于无抑郁程度;大学生社会支持状况对焦虑、抑郁程度有显著影响.     

医学院校贫困女大学生的社会支持对心理健康的影响

[目的]探讨医学院校女大学生的社会支持和经济状况对其心理健康的影响,为做好医学院校女大学生的心理健康教育提供依据。[方法]采用社会支持评定量表(SSRS)和一般自我效能感量表(GSES)、自尊量表(SES)等对146名贫困生和483名非贫困生进行测查。[结果](1)男、女大学生在客观支持、主观支持、支持利用度一般自我效能感各项目的差异均无统计学意义(P0.05),女生在状态焦虑项目上得分低于男生(P0.05)。(2)不同经济状况女大学生客观支持、主观支持、社会支持总分3项得分的差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。贫困女大学生的支持利用度得分和一般自我效能感得分均低于非贫困女大学生(P0.05),而贫困女大学生的状态焦虑得分高于非贫困女大学生(P0.05)。城乡女大学生的客观支持、主观支持、社会支持总分、状态焦虑和一般自我效能感得分的差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。(3)不同社会支持的女大学生在客观支持、主观支持、支持利用度、一般自我效能感和状态焦虑等各项的得分均有统计学意义(P0.05),高社会支持组的女大学生各项的得分均优于低社会支持组。(4)分别以女大学生的状态焦虑和一般自我效能感为因变量,社会支持为自变量进行线性回归分析,结果社会支持与状态焦虑呈负相关(P=0.000)[结论]经济状况和社会支持对医学院校女大学生的心理健康有明显影响。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

The occurrence of antimicrobial substances in toilet,sink and shower drainpipes of clinical units: A neglected source of antibiotic residues

Antibiotics represent one of the most important drug groups used in the management of bacterial infections in humans and animals. Due to the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance, assurance of the antibacterial effectiveness of these substances has moved into the focus of public health. The reduction in antibiotic residues in wastewater and the environment may play a decisive role in the development of increasing rates of antibiotic resistance. The present study examines the wastewater of 31 patient rooms of various German clinics for possible residues of antibiotics, as well as the wastewater of five private households as a reference.To the best of our knowledge, this study shows for the first time that in hospitals with high antibiotic consumption rates, residues of these drugs can be regularly detected in toilets, sink siphons and shower drains at concentrations ranging from 0.02?μg·L^?1 to a maximum of 79?mg·L^?1. After complete flushing of the wastewater siphons, antibiotics are no longer detectable, but after temporal stagnation, the concentration of the active substances in the water phases of respective siphons increases again, suggesting that antibiotics persist through the washing process in biofilms. This study demonstrates that clinical wastewater systems offer further possibilities for the optimization of antibiotic resistance surveillance.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.