VEGF165正反义表达载体的构建及其对人胃癌细胞VEGF表达的调节

目的构建VEGF165(vascular endothelial growth factor,血管内皮生长因子)正、反义表达载体,将其转染人胃癌细胞,观察其对胃癌细胞VEGF在mRNA和蛋白质水平表达的调节作用.方法用限制性内切酶将VEGF165 cDNA从pGEM-hVEGF165克隆载体上切下来,以正、反方向插入质粒pCDNA3中,构建VEGF165正、反义真核表达载体;用限制性内切酶和Sanger双脱氧终止DNA测序法证明VEGF165正、反义表达载体目的基因的序列和方向的正确性;用脂质体将VEGF165正、反义表达载体转染人胃癌细胞,用RNA斑点杂交及免疫荧光流式细胞仪检测VEGF mRNA和蛋白质的表达水平.结果酶谱分析及DNA测序表明VFGF165正、反义真核表达载体目的基因的序列及方向正确;转染正义表达载体后VEGF mRNA和蛋白质表达水平增加(蛋白免疫强度为75.4%;P＜0.05vs对照组,31.6%),转染反义表达载体后VEGF mRNA和蛋白表达水平降低(蛋白免疫强度为8.9%;P＜0.05vs对照组).结论成功地构建了VEGF165正、反义真核表达载体;构建的载体能在胃癌细胞内有效表达,调节血管内皮生长因子的水平.     

大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞体外培养与pEGFP/Ang-1转染方法的建立

目的探讨培养大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs)细胞株、表型鉴定及利用重组质粒(pEGFP/Ang-1)转染大鼠BMSCs细胞株的实验方法。方法采用贴壁筛选法和密度梯度离心法获取BMSCs,纯化大鼠BMSCs后,以重组质粒pEGFP/Ang-1转染,G 418筛挑阳性克隆,倒置荧光显微镜下观察增强型绿色荧光蛋白的表达,检测Ang-1表达量的时间变化。结果采用贴壁筛选法和密度梯度离心法成功获取BMSCs细胞株,成功将血管生成素-1重组质粒(pEGFP/Ang-1)转染大鼠BMSCs,3 d可稳定表达Ang-1,7 d以后开始减弱。结论成功运用贴壁筛选法和密度梯度离心法分离培养的大鼠BMSCs,并重组质粒pEGFP/Ang-1转染大鼠BMSCs可有效表达。     

hVEGF165四环素调控腺病毒载体的构建及其在大鼠成肌细胞表达

目的构建表达人血管内皮生长因子165基因(hVEGF165)的四环素调控重组腺病毒,并测定其在原代培养大鼠成肌细胞的表达水平。方法亚克隆hVEGF165全长cDNA到穿梭质粒pTREShuttle2,获得四环素可调控的目的基因表达盒;亚克隆表达盒到BDAdeno-XTMViralDNA,获得重组腺病毒质粒;重组质粒转染HEK293细胞以包装产生具有感染能力的重组腺病毒颗粒AdTRE.VEGF165。hVEGF165重组腺病毒和Tetoff调节病毒共感染原代培养的成肌细胞,酶联免疫法检测目的基因的表达。结果成功构建了能表达hVEGF165的四环素调控的重组腺病毒载体。hVEGF165重组腺病毒(20pfu/cell)和Tetoff调控病毒(20pfu/cell)共感染骨骼肌成肌细胞后5d,ELISA检测显示培养上清中VEGF165蛋白浓度显著高于未感染的细胞培养上清[(14.80±1.15ng/ml)×105/(cell·24h)vs(1.39±0.36ng/ml)×105/(cell·24h),P<0.01)]。结论四环素调控表达的腺病毒系统可高效地转导VEGF基因进入哺乳动物细胞;原代培养的骨骼肌成肌细胞感染AdTRE.VEGF165后可高水平地分泌VEGF165蛋白。     

hVEGF165四环素调控腺病毒载体的构建及其在大鼠成肌细胞表达

目的构建表达人血管内皮生长因子165基因（hVEGF165）的四环素调控重组腺病毒,并测定其在原代培养大鼠成肌细胞的表达水平。方法亚克隆hVEGF165全长cDNA到穿梭质粒pTREShuttle2,获得四环素可调控的目的基因表达盒;亚克隆表达盒到BDAdeno-XTMViralDNA,获得重组腺病毒质粒;重组质粒转染HEK293细胞以包装产生具有感染能力的重组腺病毒颗粒AdTRE.VEGF165。hVEGF165重组腺病毒和Tetoff调节病毒共感染原代培养的成肌细胞,酶联免疫法检测目的基因的表达。结果成功构建了能表达hVEGF165的四环素调控的重组腺病毒载体。hVEGF165重组腺病毒（20pfu/cell）和Tetoff调控病毒（20pfu/cell）共感染骨骼肌成肌细胞后5d,ELISA检测显示培养上清中VEGF165蛋白浓度显著高于未感染的细胞培养上清[（14.80±1.15ng/ml）×105/（cell·24h）vs（1.39±0.36ng/ml）×105/（cell·24h）,P<0.01)]。结论四环素调控表达的腺病毒系统可高效地转导VEGF基因进入哺乳动物细胞;原代培养的骨骼肌成肌细胞感染AdTRE.VEGF165后可高水平地分泌VEGF165蛋白。     

血管内皮细胞生长因子真核表达质粒的构建及其在心肌细胞中的表达

目的 :构建血管内皮细胞生长因子 （ VEGF1 65）真核表达质粒 pc DNA3 .1（ -） /h VEGF1 65,并通过转染心肌细胞来验证其生物活性。方法 :应用 DNA重组方法 ,将编码 h VEGF1 65全长 c DNA克隆于真核表达载体 pc DNA3 .1（ -）中 ,构建 pc DNA3 .1（ -） /h VEGF1 65真核表达质粒 ;应用阳性脂质体介导的基因转染技术 ,将真核表达质粒 pc D-NA3 .1（ -） /h VEGF1 65瞬时转染培养的大鼠心肌细胞中 ;采用 RT-PCR,ELISA,Western blot及免疫组化染色等方法检测 VEGF1 65基因在心肌细胞中的表达情况 ;应用 MTT法检测转染后细胞上清液中 VEGF1 65的生物活性。结果 :将构建好的真核表达质粒 pc DNA3 .1（ -） /h VEGF1 65转染心肌细胞后 ,VEGF m RNA及蛋白表达水平明显增高 ,转染后的心肌细胞培养上清液具有促使内皮细胞增殖的生物活性。结论 :成功构建了真核表达质粒 pc DNA3 .1（ -） /h VEGF1 65,其转染心肌细胞后可获得较高水平 VEGF蛋白的表达 ,所表达出 VEGF蛋白具有生物学活性     

丙型肝炎病毒核心蛋白激活肝癌细胞血管内皮生长因子的表达

目的 探讨丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）核心蛋白对肝瘤细胞血管内皮生长因子（vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)表达的影响。方法 将HCV核心基因cDNA插入真核表达载体PBK－CMV的Hind Ⅲ和BamH I位点间，构建重组质粒PBK－HCVc。再将重组质粒PBK－HCVc和空载体分别导入肝癌细胞株HepG2中，G418筛选，RT－PCR、蛋白印迹鉴定HCV核心蛋白表达。免疫组织化学，蛋白印迹检测VEGF蛋白表达；原位杂交，RT－PCR检测VEGF mRNA。结果 重组质粒PBK－HCVc在HepG2细胞中有稳定表达；表达HCV核心蛋白的细胞HepG2-C的VEGF在蛋白水平和mRNA水平较转染空载体的细胞HepG2-CMV明显升高。结论 HCV核心蛋白能激活VEGF表达，可能对肝细胞癌的生长具有促进作用。     

血管内皮生长因子反义核酸治疗裸鼠皮下种植胰腺癌

目的:探讨抗血管生成基因转染治疗胰腺癌的可行性. 方法:构建反向插入VEGF165cDNA的复制缺陷型腺病毒载体,体外转染SW1990细胞,MTT法检测重组腺病毒转染对细胞生长的影响.Northern blot和ELISA检测转染前后SW1990细胞VEGF的mRNA水平和蛋白表达.裸鼠皮下种植瘤瘤体内注射重组腺病毒,CD31染色观察反义VEGF重组腺病毒转染对裸鼠种植瘤微血管密度和肿瘤生长速度的影响. 结果:重组腺病毒体外转染并不影响SW1990细胞的生长速度.Northern blot和ELISA检测在mRNA水平和蛋白水平证实反义VEGF重组腺病毒转染对体外培养的SW1990细胞内源性VEGF表达有明显的下调作用.体内实验表明反义VEGF重组腺病毒转染可减少肿瘤内微血管数量,肿瘤生长受到抑制. 结论:反义VEGF165重组腺病毒可以抑制胰腺癌的血管生成和肿瘤的生长,为抗血管生成的基因治疗奠定了基础.     

超声介导载基因微泡靶向传输血管内皮生长因子促心肌血管新生

目的　探讨超声介导载血管内皮生长因子 16 5 (VEGF165)基因靶向微泡促梗死心肌血管新生的可行性。方法　构建真核表达质粒 pcDNA3 1-/VEGFcDNA165,将其包载于脂质泡中 ,超声辐射下向鼠心肌传输。采用RT PCR、WesternBlot检测mRNA、蛋白表达 ,观察微血管密度评价血管新生效果。结果　 (1)成功构建VEGF165基因 ;(2 )脂质体微泡可包载VEGF165基因 ;(3)超声介导辐射下向心肌靶向传输VEGF165基因 ,实验组基因表达及血管密度高于空白对照组 ,但低于VEGF165基因心肌直接注射。结论　具有心肌显影功能的脂质体载VEGF165基因微泡在超声辐射下可向大鼠梗死心肌靶向传输 ,并产生促血管新生效应。     

应用siRNA抑制神经胶质瘤C6细胞受体表达的探讨

目的构建编码大鼠血管紧张素Ⅱ受体基因mRNA的短发夹RNA真核表达载体质粒,研究体外培养的哺乳细胞中siRNA抑制靶基因表达的有效性,为利用基因沉默技术从转录后水平进行高血压治疗的研究做准备.方法根据大鼠AT1受体mRNA序列设计并合成siRNA寡核苷酸片段,退火形成双链并克隆进入载体pGenesil-1.用构建完成的pGenesil-1-siRNA质粒和重新洗牌的对照质粒转染大鼠胶质瘤细胞,并在不同时相收集转染的细胞,进行RT-PCR和Western blot检测.结果 AT1R基因短发夹RNA抑制大鼠血管紧张素Ⅱ受体mRNA基因及其蛋白的结果类似.与对照组比较(100%),在转染后48 h血管紧张素Ⅱ受体mRNA基因水平下降到35.5%±3.0%,72 h后达到最低点(20.7%±4.0%).而与对照组相比,血管紧张素Ⅱ受体蛋白在24 h和48 h分别减少至46.9%±4.2% 和37.0%±3.7%,最大减少在转染后72 h(28.1%±4.0%).结论成功地构建了编码大鼠血管紧张素Ⅱ受体mRNA的短发夹RNA真核表达载体后,在体外转染哺乳细胞中表达siRNA可有效地抑制靶基因的表达,并导致其蛋白的翻译受到抑制,达到基因干扰的目的.为利用RNAi从转录后水平对心血管疾病进行治疗做有益的探索,为进一步研究基因沉默在自发性高血压大鼠的降压治疗研究奠定了基础.     

RNAi技术对人肺腺癌细胞A549内源Survivin基因表达的影响

目的 为Survivin介导的肿瘤基因沉寂疗法的临床应用提供依据.方法 应用RNA干扰技术(RNAi)将靶向Survivin的基因片段插入载体后构建重组质粒,将其导入A549细胞,MIT法检测转染前后A549细胞增殖情况, RT-PCR及Western blot法分析转染前后Survivin mRNA和蛋白表达情况.结果 成功构建重组质粒pGenesil1.1-Survivin.转染重组质粒后Survivin mRNA和蛋白的表达明显降低,抑制率分别为65%和71%,细胞增殖受抑.结论 RNAi技术构建的重组质粒可明显抑制A549细胞内源Survivin的表达和mRNA转录,其在肿瘤基因沉寂疗法中可能起重要作用.     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Rate of Change of Glucose on Measurement Error of Continuous Glucose Monitors

Background

A 5-day in-patient study designed to assess the accuracy of the FreeStyle Navigator® Continuous Glucose Monitoring System revealed that the level of accuracy of the continuous sensor measurements was dependent on the rate of glucose change. When the absolute rate of change was less than 1 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (75% of the time), the median absolute relative difference (ARD) was 8.5%, with 85% of all points falling within the A zone of the Clarke error grid. When the absolute rate of change was greater than 2 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (8% of the time), the median ARD was 17.5%, with 59% of all points falling within the Clarke A zone.

Method

Numerical simulations were performed to investigate effects of the rate of change of glucose on sensor measurement error. This approach enabled physiologically relevant distributions of glucose values to be reordered to explore the effect of different glucose rate-of-change distributions on apparent sensor accuracy.

Results

The physiological lag between blood and interstitial fluid glucose levels is sufficient to account for the observed difference in sensor accuracy between periods of stable glucose and periods of rapidly changing glucose.

Conclusions

The role of physiological lag on the apparent decrease in sensor accuracy at high glucose rates of change has implications for clinical study design, regulatory review of continuous glucose sensors, and development of performance standards for this new technology. This work demonstrates the difficulty in comparing accuracy measures between different clinical studies and highlights the need for studies to include both relevant glucose distributions and relevant glucose rate-of-change distributions.     

治疗高血压药物的经济学评价

重视高血压治疗中的经济学评价,对利用我国有限的卫生资源来遏制高血压对人民群众的危害有着重要的现实意义。药物经济学对于药物治疗的成本和治疗的结果给予同样的关注。因为治疗高血压的费用,不仅涉及药物价格,还包括患者的危险水平,降压疗效和对临床终点事件的影响,以及治疗的依从性和安全性。因此药物经济学更强调整体成本和价-效比。低危病人,若非药价低廉,治疗的价-效比不够理想。而在高危的患者,价-效比越小越经济而不是药费越便宜越好。